Construction Of PVS Conduit Wiring System Of Two Bedroom Bungalow

Project and Seminar Material For Electrical Electronics Engineering EEE

Abstract

This project present a practical demonstration of how to carryout the wiring of a two bedroom bungalow, using PVC conduit system. In recent times surface wiring is gradually giving way to conduit wiring where much of the cable are concealed.

PVC pipes are used because of it cost friendliness, compared to metal conduit. In carryout this construction a careful attention is given to the IEF regulations. Calculations are made for current consumption, space factor, diversity factors and other necessary consideration that guarantees safely of material and personnel.

Table Of Contents

Preliminary Page(s)

• Title page
• Certification page
• Dedication
• Acknowledgement
• Abstract
• Table of content

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

• 1.1 Background of the study
• 1.2 Types of conduit
• 1.3 Uses and advantages / type
• 1.4 Choice of conduit
• 1.5 I.E.E Regulation
• 1.6 Significance of the study
• 1.7 Scope of the project
• 1.8 Limitation of the project

Chapter Two

Literature Review

• 2.1 building services
• 2.2 The building team
• 2.3 Requirements for electrical installations
• 2.4 Electrical accessories installation
• 2.4.1 PVC insulated and sheathed cables
• 2.4.2 Conduit installations
• 2.4.3 Trunking installations
• 2.5 Wiring

Chapter Three

Materials

• 3.2 Wiring system details

Chapter Four

Results And Discussion

• 4.1 Result
• 4.2 Fittings for PVC conduit wiring.
• Piping for PVC conduit wiring
• Wiring for conduit

Chapter Five

Conclusion

• References
• Appendix

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the study

In today’s domestic residence, electricity plays a vital function base on how it is used. The institute of electrical engineering (IEE) wiring regulation (15th Edition) defines an electrical installation as an assembly of associated equipment for the fulfillment of specific purpose and having contain coordinated characteristics.

Based presented by engineering principle and intelligent conformity to the safety provision of the National Electrical Code. In the application of conductors, switches, insulators, fuses, circuit breakers, consumers control units, lighting fixtures and other related institution component. The design information is presented so as to clearly instruct the installer in constructing the overall electrical installation to achieve the design intent and implement the engineering concept.

Building wiring is the electrical wiring and associated devices such as switches, meters and light fittings used in buildings or other structures. Electrical wiring uses insulated conductors.

Wires and cables are rated by the circuit voltage, temperature and environmental conditions (moisture, sunlight, oil, chemicals) in which they can be used, and their maximum current. Wiring safety codes vary by country, and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is attempting to standardise wiring amongst member countries. Colour codes are used to distinguish line, neutral and earth (ground) wires.

An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or nonbuilding structure. Electrical conduit may be made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay. Most conduit is rigid, but flexible conduit is used for some purposes. Conduit is generally installed by electricians at the site of installation of electrical equipment. Its use, form, and installation details are often specified by wiring regulations, such as the US National Electrical Code (NEC) and other building codes.

Electrical conduit provides very good protection to enclosed conductors from impact, moisture, and chemical vapors. Varying numbers, sizes, and types of conductors can be pulled into a conduit, which simplifies design and construction compared to multiple runs of cables or the expense of customized composite cable. Wiring systems in buildings may be subject to frequent alterations. Frequent wiring changes are made simpler and safer through the use of electrical conduit, as existing conductors can be withdrawn and new conductors installed, with little disruption along the path of the conduit.

A conduit system can be made waterproof or submersible. Metal conduit can be used to shield sensitive circuits from electromagnetic interference, and also can prevent emission of such interference from enclosed power cables.
When installed with proper sealing fittings, a conduit will not permit the flow of flammable gases and vapors, which provides protection from fire and explosion hazard in areas handling volatile substances.

Some types of conduit are approved for direct encasement in concrete. This is commonly used in commercial buildings to allow electrical and communication outlets to be installed in the middle of large open areas. For example, retail display cases and open-office areas use floor-mounted conduit boxes to connect power and communications cables.

Both metal and plastic conduit can be bent at the job site to allow a neat installation without excessive numbers of manufactured fittings. This is particularly advantageous when following irregular or curved building profiles. Special equipment is used to bend the conduit without kinking or denting it.

The cost of conduit installation is higher than other wiring methods due to the cost of materials and labor. In applications such as residential construction, the high degree of physical damage protection may not be not required, so the expense of conduit is not warranted. Conductors installed within conduit cannot dissipate heat as readily as those installed in open wiring, so the current capacity of each conductor must be reduced (derated) if many are installed in one conduit.

1.2 Types of conduit

There are different types of conduit namely;

1. Non-metallic conduit
2. Light gauge conduit
3. Heavy gauge conduit
4. Flexible metallic conduit
5. This wall conduit
6. Rigid conduit

1.3 Uses and advantages / type

Non-Metallic Conduit

Many types of non-metallic conduit are available, but schedule polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the one mostly used. It is a rigid heavy walled flame – retardant, heat and sunlight – resistant conduit. It may be used in wet on day location in walls, in ceiling and above or below the ground. It is advisable not to substitute PVC irrigation pipe for schedule low PVC conduit. This type of conduit can be use with metal a non-metallic boxes but the non-metallic boxes are not the same as those use with type NPLC cable.

Light Gauge Conduit

Light gauge conduit is produced from trip steel which are form into a tube. This type of conduit has an open seam and is only used for small installation at a below 25oc, the light contraction of the tube makes is unsuitable for bending although it can be set.

Heavy Gauge Conduit

There are two types of heavy gauge conduit. Heavy gauge welded conduit and solid draw conduit.
Heavy gauge welded conduit is formed from strips of heavy gauge sheet steel and is welded at the seam. This is the most common type of conduit and is supplied in size from 16mm to 32mm. Solid brawn conduit is produced by drawing and heated to over a raw forming a heavy gauge seamless tube. This type of conduit is more expensive than welded steel conduit and is only used for flameproof installation.

Flexible Metallic Conduit

This type of conduit is generally called Greenfield resembles armored cable in appearance but is more adaptable than cable because various sizes and numbers of wire can be pulled into it after it is installed.
This type of conduit be used plastic-covered Greenfield when the internal that have a determinative effect on the wire insulation this metal conduit has a thermoplastic outer sheath covering similar to that used on type T wire, the characteristics and uses of which are detailed in.

This Wall Conduit

Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT), commonly called thin-wall conduit, is a metallic tubing that can be used for expose on concealed electrical installations. Ti use should be contended to dry interior locations because it has a very plating that does not protect it from rusting when exposed to the elements or hurried condition. It is less expensive than regular conduit and much easier to installation, the process of bending requires less effort, and the ends do not have to be threaded. In companion to the other wring systems. It ranks behind rigid conduit but ahead of the other types of wring when considering the quality and durability of the installation. For this reason and because of the decreased cost in material labour, it is most generally specified for home building construction.

Rigid Conduit

Black enamel a galvanized rigid conduit is approved for used under most conditions and in most locations. Metal conduit and fittings that are protected foam corrosion enamel may only be use indoors and in areas that are not subject to severe corrosion. Although rigid conduit is generally the most expensive type of wining, installation, its inherent strength permits installation without running beards and provides additional damage protection. Its capacity facilitates carrying more conductors in one run that in any other system and its rigidity permits installation with fewer supports than the other types of wiring systems.

1.4 Choice of conduit

Today PVC is available alternative to other materials for virtually any application. Its combination of advantage make it a preferred choice when a conduit system is needed. Although there are many types of wiring ystem which can be used to provide a safe efficient, imperative and economical installation but in this project we emphasis on P.V.C. conduit wiring system. This when PVC was initially introduced to the electrical field, it was considered a substitute material with limited and special applications for example, because of its PVC design and resistance to corrosion, PVC was found useful in damp, corrosive environments such as chemical and fertilizer plants. As its use by engineers and contractor increased and its system design expanded, PVC’s advantages become evident. Installation of conduit wiring provides mechanical protection and accessible safety to persons and property and provides convenient and accessible electrical raceway system has adequate capacity for future expansion and is readily adaptable to changing conditions.

This write-up provides most up to data and comprehensive information about PVC conduit from basic raw material to installation characteristics of the finished product.

1.5 I.E.E Regulation

These regulation covers in details the actual installation of wiring and apparatus in the building and requirement that most of the materials used shall comply with the appreciate British standard specification provided materials are tough from times of repute, no difficulty should arise in concention with BSS.

Generally, the I.E.E. regulation related principle to the design selection, inspection and testing of electrical installation, whether permanent or temporary safety especially from fire, shock, and burns. Hence good workmanship and proper materials shall be used and all equipment shall be suitable fro the maximum power demanded by the current using equipment when it is function in its intended manner.

1.6 Significance of the study

Conduit is a rugged, protective tube through which wires are pulled. Careful planning and practice will result in a professional-looking electrical system. A pvc conduit wiring system is probably the most challenging of the electrical systems to install. Although it may seem at first glance to be a simple task, cutting and threading conduit efficiently requires considerable skill. With the instructions that follow and on-the-job experience, you should soon be able to do this well.

Concealed electrical wiring has become the norm of the day in modern construction. For safety and security of the installation, conduit pipes of different strengths are used to encase the wiring and placed in grooves carved on the brick surface, before the walls and ceilings are plastered and cemented.

Since the conduit pipes are inlaid, they should remain intact for the life of the building. Ensuring safety from electrical and fire hazards, conduit pipes also stand the test of time against all kinds of weather conditions.

1.7 Scope of the project

An electrical conduit (EC) is a piping system that is used to carry electrical wiring for either power or communication. These piping systems are commonly referred to as raceways. The EC’s are solid and they are used to both house and protect electrical cables and wiring. EC’s may be made from a variety of metal’s, plastic and fibers. Some of these varieties are available in flexible forms for your special need and run in 10 foot increments. Here is a list of your most common EC’s.

PVC is made from a combination of both plastic and vinyl. PVC pipes can be installed above ground, underground or encased in cement. PVCs are most commonly used underground. These pipes are light weight, flexible, impact resistant, non conductive, ultraviolet resistant and corrosion resistant. They are popular because they have watertight joints and low installation costs.

1.8 Limitation of the project

1. It is difficult to install
2. Fault finding process is difficult
3. More time is required during the installation
4. It is expensive compare to other wiring
5. Incase of pvc conduit wiring, risk of mechanical injury is possible.

Chapter Five

Conclusion

Conduit wiring is an electric piping system used for protection and routing of electrical wiring. It may be made up of metal, plastic, fiber or fired clay. The term conduit is commonly used to describe any system that contains electrical conductor but it has a more restrictive definition when used in wiring regulations.

Conduit wiring provides mechanical protection and electrical safety to persons and property and provides convenient accessible ducts for the conductor. A well-designed conduit wiring system has adequate capacity for future expansion. Varying number, types and size can be pulled into a conduit which simplifies the designs and constructions compared to multiple runs of cable. Frequent wiring changes are made simple and safer through the use of electrical conduit, as existing conductors can be withdrawn, and new conductors installed with little or no disruption along the path of the conduit. Some types of conduit are improved for direct encasement in concrete. This commonly use in commercial building to allow electrical and communication outlet to be installed in the middle of large open areas.

PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) is widely used in electrical cable construction for insulation, bedding and sheathing. It was the 1950s when PVC started to replace rubber insulated and sheathed cables in general household wiring due to its ease of processing. PVC is cost-effective and also has excellent ageing properties and typically exceeds a 25 to 30 year service life.

It’s considered to be one of the most versatile of the common thermoplastics due to the fact that its properties can be easily modified – although PVC is inherently hard and rigid it is easily modified with plasticizers, stabilizers, lubricants and various other ingredients and fillers that aid processing and enhance various properties. It is also easy to process and recycle when used as a thermoplastic type.

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