Tourism Industry; An In-Road To Cultural Upliftment

Tourism Industry; An In-Road To Cultural Upliftment
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of tourism to the tourist sites in Abeokuta, with particular reference to Olumo rock. Tourism is a vital source of both public as well as private income, source of foreign exchange earnings. It is one of the most important sectors in generating employment opportunities to unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled human resources. Despite of all the economic benefits, tourism can also be a threat to natural environment where the tourist attraction exist. In order to fulfil the objectives of this study, both secondary and primary sources of data were used. A total of fifty two respondents participated in this research. The study found that Tourism has both negative and positive impacts to the tourist attraction. The study established that, negative impacts appeared to a large extent; hence the study suggests various ways to overcome the problems. According to the findings, the study concluded that,tourist sites attractions along the coast of Abeokuta present many opportunities and challenges for sustainable tourism development. Many of the attractions, however, need a great deal of work in terms of rehabilitation, management and promotion. Since different attractions are under the supervision of many different agencies, it is important to take a comprehensive approach that creates and sustains management program. The study recommends that tourism management plans have to be developed and implemented on a pilot basis which can develop into a sustainable financing mechanism for the management and protection of these important resources.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing global tourism markets. Culture and creative industries are increasingly being used to promote destinations and enhance the competitiveness and attractiveness. Many locations are now actively developing their tangible and intangible cultural assets as a means of developing comparative advantages in an increasingly competitive market place, and to create local distinctiveness in the face of globalisation.
The impact of tourism industry on cultural upliftment examines the growing relationship between tourism and culture, and the way in which they have together become major drivers of destination attractiveness and competitiveness. Based on the case study. Olumo rock in Abeokuta, that illustrate the different facets of the relationship between the culture, tourism and regional attractiveness, and the policy interventions which can enhance the relationship, this research work shows how a strong link between tourism industry and cultural upliftment can be forestered to assist places become more attractive to tourists, as well as increasingly their competitiveness as locations to live work and invest in.
This project is essential reading for academic national and local policy makers and practitioners and all those in the tourism sector who wish to understand the tourism industry as an in-road to cultural upliftment.
1.2 Statement of the Study
It is eronously believed that our cultural heritage is gradually being pushed aside by technological advancements. Therefore, this research work is interested in finding answers to how the tourism industry can enhance the cultural upliftment within the relationship between tourism industry and cultural upliftment.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main propose of this study is to examine the importance of tourism to human existence, relationship between culture and tourism industry, culture, tourism, an in-road to cultural upliftment.
1.4 Research Question
The following questions were put forward to further assist in focusing the researcher’s attention with regards to the tourism industry as an in-road to cultural upliftment.
- What is tourism industry?
- What is culture and cultural upliftment?
- What relationship exists between tourism and culture?
- How can we make tourism industry to be an essential tool for cultural upliftment?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
Taking a cue from the research questions above, the researcher put forward the following hypothetical statements.
- Culture and tourism are increasingly being used to promote destinations and enhance their competitiveness and attractiveness.
- Tourism is envisaged as leading to the management of all resources in such away that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes and biologic al diversity.
- Tourism industry provides employment for people involved in that sector and it is a means by which the culture of people of particular place can be shown and sell to the whole world.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This research work is limited to Olumo rock which is a major tourist destination in Abeokuta Ogun State.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
In the course of this research work, the researcher encountered problems such as financial and time constraints, lack of right and informative materials and journals.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Tourism:
Is the travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.
Industry:
The production of goods from raw materials especially in factories.
Tourism Industry:
This is the business of providing things for people to do, places for them to stay etc. while they are on holiday.
Tourists:
Someone who is traveling or visiting a place for people to do.
Chapter Five
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Findings
By all standards, Abeokuta represents yet another evidence of Nigeria’s endowment in tourism resources and products. Although Nigeria has been exceedingly known for its unique wildlife attractions particularly the national parks, she is equally blessed with other sets of tourism offers including marine resources. It is only that the industry’s stakeholders, particularly tour operators in the west, have not developed enough interest in them and promote such areas to a wider tourist market. Resources that are found along the study area include sandy beaches. These are excellent spots for sun bathing and where other marine-based sports can be launched, vegetation (mangrove and the like) and coral reefs that attract a complex web of marine life in them. Tourism proves to thrive on the pristine and resource-rich environment as the natural resources are its primary attractions.
While healthy marine resources are a fundamental asset for tourism in the coast, development of tourist service facilities such as hotels and structures to support provision of tourism sports along the shores along the shores may attract negative impacts to the resources. Findings revealed that unplanned development of tourism related facilities, activities and infrastructure have negatively affected the natural resources which also form the livelihood support system for the local communities living nearby. This has been especially the case where attention is not given in putting waste disposal facilities in place and where facilities developed exceed the carrying capacity of such places.
Findings also show that tourism has the potential to bring positive impacts if well planned and managed.
Availability of these resources which in turn have attracted tourism businesses to the areas have created employment and self-employment opportunities to the local people. Such opportunities have improved income to the people and institutions. Part of the revenue accrued from tourism activities are said to also be channeled into financing conservation of these resources.
5.2 Conclusion
When measured against its objectives on which the investigation was based, the research has managed to capture all the key information it looked for. From the findings it is obvious that development of tourism in Abeokuta, and by extension in other coastal areas in Nigeria, presents both a blessing and blight. There are many economic opportunities that come with it but also challenges. What needs be stressed here however is the fact that marine resources are more fragile than most of the terrestrial resources. Damage to these resources have far reaching consequences and they take considerably longer to replenish.
Most of marine resources need to be highly protected for the benefit of the current and future generations. Furthermore, it is the effort to keep utilization of such resources that will determine the extent to which coastal tourism will remain sustainable. It was obvious that campaigns to sensitize all stakeholders on the proper use of these resources are urgently needed. Awareness especially amongst the local people in the conservation matters was frighteningly low. Government policies and strategies on the resource management are virtually unknown to the stakeholders at the bottom.
5.3 Recommendations
Based on the findings and results of the analysis, the following are presented as recommendations of the study:
There is a need to streamline or coordinate management of these resources in Abeokuta. As these resources fall under the supervision of different agencies, (Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Environment and others) it is necessary that their activities and roles are well collaborated. If not, stakeholders will always receive contradicting orders. Unified standards as to the proper use of these resources and guidelines for the development of facilities, and of the overall enforcement may be established.
There is also a need to ensure that the planning and management processes of the resources keenly involve all relevant stakeholders in the areas, including the local people. Conservation education needs to be provided to the communities by both government and private sectors. The study has shown that people fail to consider the long term consequences of their actions. Focus should be on educating people about the value of tourist attraction and the strategies of mitigating the impacts.
There should also be a dedicated research initiative in the resources which will establish a comprehensive database as to the status of these resources at such different intervals of times. This information is vital in guiding plans and developing new policies on resource use. As of now there are numerous research projects conducted in this area but they are hardly coordinated and the information produced by these experts are not widely shared or put to use by the public.
Construction of tourist facilities in the study area has been cited as the leading threat to destruction of resources. The government authorities responsible for setting up structures along the coast must step up effort to control development as a means of minimizing threats to the resources and marine life. To be effective in implementing this role however these agencies need a stable flow of resources, which is not currently the case. It therefore calls for a political will on part of the government and the private sector to ensure that they continue financing the conservation initiatives in these areas.
It is now well established by various research works that for resources to be sustainably conserved communities living adjacent to these areas must benefit from the revenue so captured. As pointed out earlier in this report, the number of tourism businesses in the area and visitation keep on increasing. There must therefore be a dedicated strategy to ensure that people are assisted so that they too are part of the mainstream. Tourism is a highly specialized industry, it requires special knowledge, skills and dedication which may not be readily available to the majority. In Abeokuta, opportunities for people to engage in tourism are numerous. They can take up such businesses like providing affordable accommodations services to visitors, food and beverage services, selling of traditional handicrafts, tour guide services and the like.


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