Design And Implementation Of An Online Voting System (A Case Study Of Enugu Independent Electoral)

Project and Seminar Material for Computer Science and Computer Engineering
Abstract
Voting is a very important process in the Nigerian Political system. It is one of the means and most effective method of ensuring a legitimate government through popular participation. A system of free and fair voting has to be put in place in order to enthrone a sound democracy and stability in the political system of Imo State.
The system would aid to, discourage double voting, forgery or hoarding of electoral materials, massive transfer of ballot papers, destruction of ballot boxes, inflation of election figures and unnecessary delay in pronouncement of election result. This could be achieved by an online voting system to remove the difficult administrative tasks of the electoral body which regulates the conduct of election in Imo state. This basically forms the goal set to achieve this study.
Therefore, this project aims at alleviating the incidence of rigging and introduction of an organized procedure of voting which is the banner of socio-economic and political progress in Imo State Nigeria.
Organization Of The Work
This work is organized into five chapters. Chapter one, discussed among other things, the introduction, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, aims and objectives as well as the scope of the study. Also discussed under this chapter are the limitation of the study, assumption made and the definition of terms used.
Chapter two delves into a review of related literature. Chapter three gave an account of the description and analysis of the existing system, fact finding method used, organizational structure, objectives of the existing system, input process and output analysis, information flow diagram, problems of the existing system, justification of the new system, design of the new system, output specification and design, input specification and design, file design, procedure chart, system flowchart and lastly, the system requirements.
In chapter four, the implementation, program design, pseudo code, program flowchart and documentation was discussed and finally, chapter five emphasized on recommendation and conclusion.
Table Of Contents
Preliminary Page(s)
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Abstract
- Organization of the work
- Table of contents
Chapter One
Introduction
- 1.1 Statement of the problem
- 1.2 Purpose of the study
- 1.3 Aims and objective
- 1.4 Scope of the study
- 1.5 Limitation of the study
- 1.6 Definition of terms
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
Chapter Three
Description and Analysis of the Existing System
- 3.1 Fact finding methods used
- 3.2 Organisational structure
- 3.3 Objectives of the existing system
- 3.4 Input process and output analysis
- 3.5 Information flow diagram
- 3.6 Problems of the existing system
- 3.7 Justification of the new system
- 3.8 Design of the new system
- 3.9 Output specification and design
- 3.10 Input specification and design
- 3.11 File Design
- 3.12 Procedure chart
- 3.13 System flowchart
- 3.14 System requirements
Chapter Four
Implementation
- 4.1 Program design
- 4.2 Pseudo code
- 4.3 Program flowchart
- 4.4 Documentation
Chapter Five
Recommendation and Conclusion
- 5.1 Recommendation
- 5.2 Conclusion
- Reference
Chapter One
Introduction
The advancement made in technology over the past years is astonishing. The computer alone has progressed at a remarkable pace and updates are continually occurring. Along with the progress of the computer, comes the transformation of the virtual world. The internet is a fairly recent concept that has profoundly affected our daily lives. As with anything new, the internet posses various mysteries. Research is being conducted to determine the possibilities of an online voting. Internet voting opens the door to all sorts of possibilities for our state voting future.
Therefore, voting is a means of selecting or choosing leaders. It does not apply to only local, state and federal government of Nigeria but, also in different institutions and social organizations. The conduct of elections in a democratic society is very important not only because through it, a change of government is effected but, also because voting is the main form of political participation for most people. Democracy should be anchored on election free form fraud, for it to be sound.
Over the years, the voting operation has been put under a manual system of operation which mostly results to inaccurate and ineffective election. It is gradually being realized that much faster, accurate, effective and efficient system is needed to be adopted. Here, online is to be instituted to handle voting.
The online voting system ensures that each intended voter is checked whether he/she is registered or not. If he/she is not registered, the system refuses him/her from voting. It also checks whether he/she has voted for that particular election. This online voting system prevents a situation where a particular candidate seizes the cards and uses them to vote for himself/herself. Hence, the rigging associated with the manual voting system has been handled completely. The system also takes care of result calculation of each candidate in a particular election and the percentage scored in that election. This eliminates rigging associated with the calculation and counting of votes.
A means of showing the various outputs is also adopted by the system. The output can either be displayed on the screen or a hardcopy of it can be produced depending on the choice of the user. This prevents international and local typographical errors in showing the result of the elections.
With an online voting, votes can be cast only once. It will also afford people who are sick and unable to go to the polling stations to cast their votes, to do so. It should be noted, however, that an online voting will not replace the existing ballot forms, but is offered as a supplementary way of casting ballot.
1.1 Statement Of The Problems
The inefficiency of voting process in Enugu has resulted to a lot of problems. These problems have continued to obstruct the peace of democracy in Imo because the choice of a capable candidate is not encouraged by the current system.
These problems include:
- Single voter casting his vote multiple times.
- Inefficiency and inaccuracy of counting of votes by officials concerned.
- High rigging during election process.
- Illegal voters casting their votes.
- Long queues observed at poling stations.
- Loss of votes due to either wrong voting of the use of case of any accident occurring during transportation of the statement of result and other electoral materials to the collection centres.
1.2 Purpose Of Study
The purpose of this study is to design and implement an online voting system. The study will activate democracy and ensure that the popular choice emerges in any election conducted in Imo state.
1.3 Aims And Objectives
The main aim of this project t work is to design an online voting system which among others can be able to achieve the following targets;
- Nobody will have access to the votes before the official opening of the electronic ballot box.
- Each voter will be opportuned to vote only once.
- The secrecy of the votes will be guaranteed.
- The casting of votes cannot be interpreted, modified or diverted.
- The system will not accept any vote outside the voting period.
- Votes will be protected against any attempt of identified theft.
- Only registered voters will have access to the application.
- Rigging of the election will be controlled.
- Put to an end, the indiscriminate alteration of election result of any officer of the electoral commission of Enugu state.
1.4 Scope Of The Study
The study covers voting processes as it is done at the ward councillorship and local government chairmanship elections. It also inculcates the voters’ personal records, candidates’ personal records and voting procedures.
1.5 Limitation Of The Study
Due to the fact of Non-availability of the vital components required for the design and implementation of an online voting system. However, the immediate availability of components will help the researcher to achieve his/her objectives fully.
1.6 Definition Of Terms
ASP:
Active server Page.
Ballot:
A vote recorded in an election.
Ballot Box:
A container in which voters drop their votes.
Ballot Paper:
A material with which voters used to cast their votes.
C#:
Cee sharp.
Collection Centre:
A designated location where results are collected.
Computer:
An electronic device that stores data, process data and produces result as information automatically under program control.
Democracy:
A system of government by all the people of a country, usually through representatives, whom they elect, thought of as allowing freedom of speech, religion and political opinion.
Election:
The art of choosing by voting one of the candidates for a position.
ESINEC:
Enugu State Independent Electoral Commission.
Home Page:
The front door to a website, which normally contains links to other sites or pages.
IIS:
Internet Information Service.
Poll:
The process of voting in an election.
Poll Station:
A centre or venue where voters cast their votes.
Rigging:
To manipulate election result in favour of another person.
SQL:
Structured Query Language.
Voter’s Card:
A card given to voters to ascertain that he/she has the right to vote.
Voters Register:
A register containing the data of eligible voters completed by the election officials.
Website:
A location on the web that publishes some kinds of information.
Chapter Five
Recommendation And Conclusion
5.1 Summary
Finally, we conclude that online voting system well improve the election in Imo State voting on the internet is one more service that can be provided online. Our State voting processes should update and made automated.
If this work is implemented, it will go a long way in eradicating in ravaged socio-political structure which has been the banner of peace, unity, stability and prosperity in Imo State. Internet voting opens the doors to all sorts of possibility for our state.
With this, the online voting system ensures that each intended voter is checked weather he / she is registered or not. This helps to checking integrating in voting system
5.2 Conclusion
Election is the only means of upholding sound democracy and ensuring stability in the political system of any state. In the study, we analyzed the political nature of voting system in Enugu State, appraised its shortcomings and proposed a design of online voting system to prevent rigging of any electoral officer or incumbent government.
More so, it rejects multiple voting by any single voter irrespective of the different polling site he/she might use.
Therefore, Internet is a new and complicated addition to our society, because it is fresh and there are many obscurities and rules governing the web. The web has provided us with numerous services which have developed within a few years. Voting on the internet is one more service that can be provided online. There is no doubt that our state voting processes should be updated and made electronic.
However, if this work is implemented, it will go a long in eradicating on ravaged socio-political structure which has been the banner of peace unity, stability and prosperity in Enugu State. All illegal means of acquiring more votes to favour a particular party or candidate would be a thing of the past.
5.2 Recommendation
Having examined the usefulness of the World Wide Web, (www) in eliminating most of the hinderances to efficient voting /election process at the Enugu State Independent Electoral Commission (ESINEC), we recommend that their electoral and voting services should be automated.
Though the system will be costly, especially in terms of personal and equipment but we strongly believe that these costs will be offset it the new system is properly implemented based on the further improvement and working towards 100% efficiency taking into consideration, the peculiar features of the internet which is a valuable tool and the long term benefit of the world wide web.
In adopting an efficient election/voting process, the following should be taken into consideration:
- Staff should be educated and well trained.
- The Electoral Commission should make way for the acquisition of the necessary hardware.
- Software should be checked for accuracy and should also be protected for damage and viruses.
- Security measures should be applied on the website and to together web pages and equipment.
- The provision of dependable online interactive processing system which will offer the user much access facility to the database.


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