The Implication Of Continuous Raiding Of Communities By Bandits In Nigeria

The Implication Of Continuous Raiding Of Communities By Bandits In Nigeria
Abstract
This study was carried out on the implication of continuous raiding of communities by bandits in Nigeria using Bakura Local Government area of Zamfara State as a case study. The study specifically set to ascertain the extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State, investigate the possible causes of banditry invasion in communities in Zamfara State, find out the extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State, and determine how banditry invasion has affected community development in Zamfara State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprised of resident of Bakura Local Government area of Zamfara State. In determining the sample size, the researcher purposefully selected 147 respondents and 141 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. The hypothesis was tested using Chi-square Statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State is high. The study also revealed that the extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State is high; it has increased high vulnerability of human life, let to the restriction of human movement, displacement of residents, discouraged investment, demolishing of markets, and destruction of farm crops and other agricultural produce. Therefore, it is recommended that kinetic and non-kinetic approaches should be applied in order to quell the menace of banditry in the state. In the same vein, bandits camps should be destroyed anywhere they are found across the major forest in the state. In connection to this, the country‟s land borders should be properly policed in order to prevent arms smuggling in to the country.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Armed banditry and its related threats to human security in Nigeria’s North-West region, especially in the states of Zamfara, Katsina, Kaduna, Sokoto, and Niger, have become a source of national security and public concern. The several levels of corruption involved, as well as the recurring existence of armed banditry, necessitate effective mechanisms to minimize the threat to stability and stability in the affected countries. North-Western State Governors started negotiating with a number of armed robbers active in the area in July 2019 to reduce the threat and strengthen internal stability in the affected States. Despite its recorded gains, such as a sharp decrease in attacks, the liberation of abducted victims, and the recovery of weapons, renewed bandit attacks in Zamfara, Katsina, and Niger States between November and December 20191 put the peace agreements signed by the State Governors in jeopardy. Armed banditry claimed the lives of over 1058 people in Zamfara, Kaduna, Katsina, Sokoto, and Niger States between January and December 2019, according to data from the WANEP National Early Warning System (NEWS). In addition, the report of the committee formed to find alternatives to banditry in the state of Zamfara, Addressing Armed Banditry in Nigeria’s North-West Region: Exploring the Potentials of a Multi-Dimensional Conflict Management Approach, supervised by Mohammed Abubakar, the former Inspector-General of Police, recorded a total of 6,319 deaths in the State between June 2011 and May 2019. Between June 2011 and May 2019, an estimated 4,983 women were widowed, 25,050 children were orphaned, and 190,340 people were internally displaced in Zamfara State. Over 2,000 people have been killed in Katsina State, 500 villages have been devastated, and over 33,000 people have been displaced..
1.2 Statement of Research Problem
Fulani herdsmen attacks have been compared to the results of Boko Haram insurgents. The Fulani herdsmen have harmed the economy of northern Nigeria in general. The economy is being disrupted in one way or another as a result of the ongoing violence. The country is insecure. There is no doubt that the current clashes between herdsmen and farmers in the middle belt, predominantly the farming areas, have resulted in the loss of lives and farmland has become a major threat to efforts to increase food production. Thus this study set to find out the implication of Fulani herdsmen activities on farmers.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The major of this study is to critically examine the implication of continuous raiding of communities by bandits in Nigeria. By extension, this study will specifically;
- Ascertain the extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State.
- Investigate the possible causes of banditry invasion in communities in Zamfara State.
- Find out the extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State.
- Determine how banditry invasion has affected community development in Zamfara State.
1.4 Research Questions
The study will be guided by the following questions
- What is the extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State?
- What are the possible causes of banditry invasion in communities in Zamfara State?
- What is the extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State?
- How banditry invasion has affected community development in Zamfara State?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Banditry invasion has no negative effect on community development in Zamfara State.
- Ha: Banditry invasion has a negative effect on community development in Zamfara State.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This research would benefit individuals, communities, government, and society in general. The findings would allow educational crime fighters to devise solutions for coping with issues that will aid in the elimination of banditry in communities. It would also serve as a guide for prospective researchers who want to pursue similar projects.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study intends to examine banditry invasion and its effect on community development. Hence, Zamfara state in the northwestern part of Nigeria will be used as our case study for this research.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
This study was constrained by a number of factors which are as follows:
- Financial constraint is inevitable considering the present economic situations. Due to lack of finance at the researchers disposal to get materials and in printing of questionnaires. it was not possible to visit some of the communities that have been plagued by bandit activities.
In developing countries like Nigeria, there is the problem of insufficient data. - Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher
1.9 Definition of Terms
Banditry:
This is a type of organized crime committed by outlaws typically involving the use of threat or violence.
Bandits:
A robber or outlaw belonging to a gang and typically operating in an isolated or lawless area.
Raid:
A rapid surprise attack on an enemy by troops, aircraft, or other armed forces
Invasion:
This is an instance of invading a country or region with an armed force.
1.10 Organization of the Studies
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the implication of continuous raiding of communities by bandits in Nigeria using Bakura Local Government area of Zamfara State as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the implication of continuous raiding of communities by bandits in Nigeria using Bakura Local Government area of Zamfara State as a case study. The study is was specifically set to ascertain the extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State, investigate the possible causes of banditry invasion in communities in Zamfara State, find out the extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State, and determine how banditry invasion has affected community development in Zamfara State.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are resident of Bakura Local Government area of Zamfara State.
5.3 Conclusions
In the light of the analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn.
- The extent of banditry activities perpetrated in communities in Zamfara State is high.
- The possible causes of banditry invasion in communities in Zamfara State include; state/government Failure, Cattle Rustling, Injustice/Vigilante extortions and complicity of the Traditional Rulers.
- The extent banditry invasion has impended rural community development in Zamfara State is high as it has increased high vulnerability of human life, let to the restriction of human movement, displacement of residents, discouraged investment, demolishing of markets, and destruction of farm crops and other agricultural produce.
5.4 Recommendation
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
- Kinetic and non-kinetic approaches should be applied in order to quell the menace of banditry in the state. In the same vein, bandits camps should be destroyed anywhere they are found across the major forest in the state. In connection to this, the country‟s land borders should be properly policed in order to prevent arms smuggling in to the country.
- The basic social services required of the rural population should be effectively provided by the local governments if their autonomy is restored and corruption checked and controlled. Therefore, local government as the third tier of government need to be strengthen as the most closet government to the rural dwellers.
- Government should by all means try to be proactive on security issues in order to prevent same laxity that they were accused of in the flourishing of banditry in the state from getting out of hand; also the fight against corruption should be generally holistic in the state.


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