Design And Construction Of 5kva Sine Wave Inverter

Project and Seminar Material For Electrical Electronics Engineering EEE

Abstract / Concept

It is a statement of fact that power plays a significant role in our daily life. However, Nigeria as a developing country has a lot of challenge in the area of electric power supply. The challenges include inadequate of electric power generating which causes instability of electric power supply in Nigeria. This problem is the course of low productivity in Nigeria, which highly affects our economy. In the above challenges, several efforts have been made to over come this challenge of power instability of electricity, but present outcome are difficult or rejected for its high disadvantages, which as generating set heavy duty diesel engine, solar panel, etc when this alterative source of energy for electric power supply are presented, it create another challenges such as fueling, replacement of parts and producing pollution all over the area. The inverter system is one substituted for these lapses seen in the above mentioned alternative sources.

The inverter system is an electronic system that converts stored chemical energy in battery into electrical energy. Therefore, an inverter system is an electronics circuit that convert Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC). The capacity of an inverter depends on the application of the appliances and the area by which appliances are to be used. For the purpose of being clearly, the inverter as we are discussing it here may have another scope, but is purely designed for domestic use with its maximum capacity of 5KVA is about 4000watts. It serves as UPS for where there is power failure and also serve as a generating source where there is no power supply form the national grid.

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

Introduction of this project is all about power inverter system.

Power inverter system is a device used to convert a direct current (d.c) supply into an alternating current (a.c) power supply by an invertion process.

Power inverter system is used as an uninterrupted power supply to where there is constant power outage from the national grid.

It is also used as a power source where there is no power from the national grid.

The power inverter system is used to supply power to our electrical appliances at home and also in our industries, it is of different types and categories. The types are.

Pure sine wave power inverter
Modified sine wave inverter
Square wave power inverter etc.

While they are categories as

300VA
500Va
1000VA = 1KVA
1500VA = 1.5KVA
2000VA = 2KVA
5000VA = 5KVA etc

1.1 The Project Background

This project is basically on power inverter system which we use to convert D.c power supply to a.c for home and industrial use.

Development of power inverter system became necessary because of the power failure that occurs sometimes form national power supply.

For the fact that we are making use of electronics and electrical devices that depends on Power supply for there operations, then we go for an alternative source of power for the constant operation of these devices.

The devices are

Computers
Television sets
Radio sets
Electric lamps
Fan
Refrigerators etc

The process through this inverter converts D.C to A.C ios called invertion.

This inverter system could be used in conjuction with solar energy by using solar panel or solar module.

Inverter is also vital part of uninterrupted power supply system, therefore when A.C mains goes off the inverter will automatically pick on for the replacement of the power failure from A.C mains. It can also be use where there is no power supply at all.

This invert convert it D.C to A.C by the help of electronics switch called transistors , the transistors make use of oscillating signals that come form the oscillator for its switching. The oscillating signals is the frequency of the inverter.

1.2 Aims and Objectives of the Project

The purpose of this project is to design and construct a 5KVA power inverter system for the supply of A.C power to serve loads of about 400Watts.
The purpose of this project is to ensure that we produce an inverter system to maintain a constant power supply in our various homes and industries.
The aim of this project is to modelize the old pertain of inverter and introduce some automatic circuit that can help in a different device apart from inverter.
The aim of the project is to ensure that the lectures and other practical works we have been attending in this school does not go in vain. Therefore to give out a good output form what we have been practicing since.

1.3 Scope of the Project

The design and construction of this power inverter undergoes the process of sourcing out of different components for the circuit construction and designed, also the transformer winding and battery.

All this component sourced were fixed according to the circuit diagram on a vero board and the fixed components were all tested to ensure a good result from them.

The circuit was completed by the transformer where the conductor winding for stepping up of voltage and clamping of lamination to air tight condition were done.

After all these the transformer was tested and it was given out a good output with specified rating of 5KVA, which is equal to 4000W or 4KW due to power factor.

The scope of this project is also gets to the testing of the entire system after interconnection of battery, transformer, coolant fan and the circuit of the inverter.

It is also tested after packaging the entire circuit in one metal construction case with vent that will ensure the inlet of air for coolant, especially the mosfet and transformer that generate heats during operation period.

It is also fixed with fires for easy movement from place to place.

1.4 Limitation of the Study

The limitation of this project seems to be our researching and modeling limit.

We make sure that our cutting and packaging were all arranged in a workshop. Where we get all the necessary tools for measurement and sharp cutting of metals.

We intend to manufacture some item we used by our fields but due to poor technological support in our surroundings, it become difficult to us. Therefore, the alternative is that we sourced out our components and other materials from different dealers in the market.

This project is a standard one which is capable of carrying many loads at a given time, then the time I was talking of, is the capacity of battery used.

The more the amperage of battery used is the more time duration of the inverter.

This inverter converts D.C to A.C through invertion process, this converted A.C has a maximum load to carry for a given time due to battery. The research we undergoes enable us to know that in time to come, there will be an inverter that can work without given time, that is generating that battery voltage form a different source either form sun light or form darkness. But our own stops from battery to inverter out put with a required load.

6.5 The Definition of Operational Terms

Oscillator:

An oscillator is an electronics devices or circuit designed to produce an alternating E.M.F of a desired frequency and amplitude from a d.c source without an external input.

The oscillator part of this inverter is where we generate the 50Hz frequency of the inverter. In an ordinary inverter, the output changes as the load at the output changes. In solving this problems is by using this sine wave based inverter that is capable for changing the width of the switching frequency if there is output changes.

In a sine wave inverter the A.C supply depends on the width of the oscillator frequency.

In this inverter a small part of the inverter out put is given as reference voltage to the oscillator or sine wave control I.C.

Based on this reference voltage the sine wave section increases or decreases the width of the oscillator due to changes in the inverter to have a constant output even when there is load changes.

All this processes function well by the help of feedback.

Amplifier

This is a device that carryout signal amplifier through a ratio of change in output signal to a corresponding change in input signal with or without external connection.

Feed back:

This is a device or circuit that uses the reference voltage form the inverter output for the contract of the oscillator width. The change in width will compensate any change in the inverter output.

Transistor:

This is a semi conductor triode called a bibolar function transistor, it consist silicon or germium crystal in which layer of N-type material is sandwitched between two p-layers of p-type for PNP transistor.
Alternatively a transistor may consist a layer of p-type to sandwitch between two layer of N-type materials for NPN transistor.

Mosfet:

A metal oxide semi-conductor field effect transistor (Mosfet( is a type of field effect transistor where increase in drain source voltage (VDS) does not produce prepositional increase in drain current ID.

It operates on the principle of single pole charge carrier movement (hole or electron charge movement) as against bi-bolar transistor, where both hole and electron constitute the charge carrier in one of the transistor.

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