Impact Of Inventory Management On Productivity In Nigeria Bottling Company

Impact Of Inventory Management On Productivity In Nigeria Bottling Company
Abstract
The objective of this research work is to study the impact of inventory management on productivity of seven – up bottling company Ltd Kaduna in the last five (5) years of the company operations. The research has made use of the instrument; questionnaire. The researcher administered questionnaire method on the selected samples and responses, which were duly collected. The results show that the lack of proper system of control, non-provision of adequate storage facilities and lack of qualified hands to operate the system are some of the factors responsible for poor inventory management in Nigerian Bottling Company. It is recommended that external stock verifiers should inferfere at least once a year, who has no interest in the of the industry to handle stock taking. Also investigation shows that industry has not set for stock level and re-order levels for all the stock that are normally kept by the industry.
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
The effective and efficient functioning of a productive system requires the regular demand and supply of inventory at the input transformation and output phases of the production process.
Management is also seen as the effective and efficient utilization of resources for the achievement of organization objectives. To ensure the achievement of the objective three must be free flow of material, unencumbered at every stage of the production process.
In Nigeria today, there are many soft drink production companies in the beverage industry and they all source their raw materials from few of not the same market. With the present economic melt down, organization are after these scare resources to product their product. Therefore, the urgency for the effective and efficient management of inventory in form of raw material, work-in-progress and finished goods constitute significant proportion of assets of most organization.
But why is it pertinent to keep an eye on these items in other words, why do we engage in inventory management?
Inventory items cost money to acquire, they cost money to store and to look after, which means storage facilities has to be provided so as to make sure that these materials or items do not get spoilt until they are turned into sellable goods, they do not produce money.
When stocks are held, it means tying down capital that would have been used in other areas, so it all represent cost and should be managed properly to acquire efficiently.
We must however, hold stocks to meet production needs and sales needs. This is because if we do not hold stocks in sufficient quantities west and the risk of running out of stock. Similarly, if we short of finished good, we may disappoint our customers. Inventory shortage in both these forms will likely lead to loss of customers and money. For the organization not to have above problems they should strike a balance between too much stocks (over inventory) and carrying too little stock. (Under inventory).
This is essentially the importance of inventory management, managing assets of all kinds is basically an inventory problem, the same method of analysis applies to cash and fixed assets as to inventories themselves.
First of all a basic stock must be on hand to hand balance in flow and outflow of items, the size of the stocks depend on pattern of flow whether fast moving or regular items.
Secondly, because the unexpected may occur, it is necessary to have safety stock on hand presenting extra stock to avoid the cost of not having enough to met current needs.
Thirdly, additional amount may be required to meet future growth needs, these are called anticipation stocks, related to anticipation stock is the recognition that these are optimum purchases size defines as economic order quantity (EOQ)
In borrowing money for buying raw materials for production or purchasing plants and equipments, it is cheaper or more economical to buy more than just enough to meet immediate needs. Manufacturing firms have three kinds of inventories:
- Raw materials
- Work-in-progress
- Finished Goods
Raw Materials:
Inventories are influence by anticipated production, seasonality of production, reliability of resources or supply and efficiently of scheduling purchased and production operations.
Work-in-progress:
Inventory is greatly influenced by the length of the production period which is the time between planning raw materials in production and completing the finished product. Inventory turnover therefore can be increased by decreasing the production, means of accomplishing these to perfect engineering technician, therefore, spreading up to manufacturing process. Another means is to buy rather than make them. The level of finished goods inventories is a matter of coordinating production and sales.
Holding stocks in what ever form cost money: the capital tied down by the stocks itself has to be serviced by the payment of interest and the land or warehouse needed for the stock has to be bought or rented.
The handling and securing of the stocks and any quality determination that occur also cost money.
The sample type of the stock control system used in most organization is two: the bin system of stock control and which is of two quantities – the first is the stock level below which a new order has to placed, the other gives the quantity to be ordered. Under this system, the units of stocks are held in two; one and two stocks is taken from bin as required until this bin is empty. More are then ordered by the quantity being determined by the rate of usage or consumption rate.
Comprehensive inventory; planning and control system have been successfully installed or established in many organizations. The major objectives of inventory management are to discover and maintain to optimum level of investment in the inventory. Inventories may be too high or too low, if to high there are unnecessary carrying cost and risk of obsolesce, if too low, production may be disrupted or sales permanently cost and loss of goodwill, reputation and customers to their firms in the same industry.
The optimum inventory level is that which minimizes the total associated with inventory.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The life blood of any organization, whether private or public whether productive or service organization is inventory. Because of the slit completive that exist in every industry, inventory management has become mandatory on each and every manager responsible for production in an organization.
Inventory is one vital resource that any organization requires and just like any other resource that is very scares and that requires effective management rather than neglect.
The cost of acquiring these inventories is also important for the fact that too much of it will mean trying down capital and risk of becoming obsolete while having little could lead to shortage and production bottle neck.
How then, to determine adequate quantity of raw material to buy, where to buy on a regular basis devoid of scarcity, the amount to invest on the inventory is the concern of the researcher.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the study are to determine:
- What quantity of inventory to buy and stock?
- What procedure to follow in purchasing?
- How to locate required goods in the store?
1.4 Significance of the Study
The result of this research when concluded will be of great benefit to the following.
Companies in the beverage industry especially the Nigerian Bottling company.
The findings and the recommendation will asset production managers to find better ways to manage their inventory. The findings and recommendation can also be used as a steeping tone to other researcher in the areas for further research work.
1.5 Statement of Hypothesis
The following are hypothesis developed to guide this research work:
- Ho: effective inventory management will not reduce material wastage/cost and hence cannot improve profitability.
- H1: effective inventory management will reduce material wastage/cost and hence cannot improve profitability.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The scope of this research is the Nigerian Bottling company and its limited to the management of their inventory in the last five (5) years of the company operations.
1.7 Limitations of the Study
This research is limited by the time in the sense that most respondent do not keep appointment given to the researcher.
Some respondents also misplaced the research instrument administered to them.
Another problem is restriction to vital information and document by the organization under study due to secrecy, the organization is so strict with their document and do not allow vital information to be revealed for fear for leaking management secret to competitors, this generated a non-challant attitude by some staff towards the research.
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations.
5.1 Summary
From the entire write up of this project, it was stated that the inventory management function is an extension of storekeeping. It has a under scope now than what it used to be. Lack of proper system of control, non-provision of adequate storage facilities and lack of qualified hands to operate the system are some of the factors responsible for poor inventory management in Nigerian Bottling Company, Kaduna.
5.2 Conclusion
In view of the fact that the importance of inventory management both of the private and public sector cannot be overstressed, the researcher wishes to conclude that both control and storage systems of stock in Nigerian Bottling Company need to be improved as a major producer of coca-cola, sprite, fanta etc.
Nigerian Bottling Company, has come of age and as such cannot afford unnecessary material wastage. In as much as the application system remains the same, the system can only work satisfactory when the right caliber of staff are managing the affairs of the organization, of the application of inventory management is allowed into the hands of trained personnel, the organization stands to benefit from the system and it will enhance their profitability.
5.3 Recommendations
After a careful study of inventory control functions in Nigerian Bottling Company, Kaduna, the researcher of this project wishes to put forward the recommendations to Nigerian Bottling Company management.
- It is believed and hoped that accepted proper implementation in conjunction with all relevant order a lot of wastage, cost and pilferages shall be minimized and there will be improvement in the service.
- An autonomous purchasing department should be build to purchase whatever items needed to be purchased into the organization for safety and to avoid deterioration of materials.
- More hands should be employed in the vacuum already created as a result of shortage of store staff, this hands should be qualified, trained storekeepers. The least prerequisite qualified for working in the store should be a certificate course in storekeeping/purchasing and supply.
- All outside suppliers should be delivered to the general store for proper document from where the head of the store section will then assign the responsibly of receiving physical custody and issued to the appropriate storekeeper.
- It is recommended that external stock verifiers should inferfere at least once a year, who has no interest in the of the industry to handle stock taking.
- Also investigation shows that industry has not set for stock level and re-order levels for all the stock that are normally kept by the industry. This means that the industry can at any point in time stock and under stock its needs.
- Investigation has shown that the industry is well staffed but there is no proper delegation of authority and motivation.
- Training and retraining of t he store staff should be emphasized. Those who have not gotten the basic training should be given the chance to do so and those who have gotten training should be assisted to enroll for their professional examination.


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