Effect Of Stress On Workers Productivity (A Case Study Of Nigeria Institute For Oil Palm Research Benin City Edo State)

Effect Of Stress On Workers Productivity (A Case Study Of Nigeria Institute For Oil Palm Research Benin City Edo State)
Abstract
This study was carried out on the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to find out whether job stress affect employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, find out whether job stress affect employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, find out whether job stress affect employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, and find out whether job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of staff of Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City, Edo State. In determining the sample size, the researcher purposefully selected 39 respondents and 30 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables. While the hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that job stress affects employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research. The study also revealed that job stress affects employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research. Therefore, it is recommended that the workload of workers should be reduced to a more reasonable level. The hospital should employ more workers to help lift too much workload of the workers. Workers of the hospital who are developing their career should be encouraged to do so, this could be done by granting them leave or reducing their workload so they could have more time for career development. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypotheses
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.0 Data Presentation
- 4.1 Analysis of Data
- 4.2 Answering Research Questions
- 4.3 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusion
- 5.4 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Stress can be defined as pressure work stress can be elaborated as resistance to come to work and a feeling of continuous pressure. Hence work stress is physical and emotional action that takes place when there is a gap between job requirements, capabilities and resources. Employees performance is an essential element of organization success. Employees productivity can be significantly delayed by high levels of stress experienced in the work environment. Stress is a universal element and individual in every walk of life have to face it. The employees working in different organizations must deal with stress. Especially, most institutional workers are under great stress due to much antecedents of stress. The stress contributes to decreased organization performance, decreased employee’s overall productivity, high staff turnover and absence due to health problems(Islam et al, 2012). Stress can be defined in general term as people feel pressures in their own life. The stress due to workload can be defined as reluctance to come to work and a feeling of constant pressure associated with general physiological, psychological and behavioral stress symptoms. Hence stress is the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker and he/she expressed that job stress can lead to poor health and even injury.
Robbins (2001) defines stress as a dynamic condition in which the individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and essential. Stress results from a mismatch between the demands and pressures on the person, on the one hand, and their knowledge and abilities, on the other. It challenges their ability to cope with work. This includes not only situations where the pressures of work exceed the worker’s ability to cope but also where the worker’s knowledge and abilities are not sufficiently utilized and that is a problem for them. Stress is one of the burning issues that most organizations must deal so that employees can comfortably produce quality work. Stress causes an imbalance in one’s life because it leads to depression and thus damages health, attitude and work behavior.
The relationship between stress and work performance is well-explained globally. Dean (2015) noted that worldwide, work-related stress is the leading cause of workplace inefficiency. According to Folkman, (2017), stress has an effect on organizational outcomes such as decreased performance, increased absenteeism, and unhappiness. According to the Euro found research (2015), position uncertainty, organizational change, job expectations, bullying, and violence are all frequent workplace stressors today. Regrettably, those most impacted are the vulnerable categories, which include under/or low-qualified employees, the elderly, disabled, migrant, and contractual workers (Mariam, & Chaudhary, 2015). Recent research (2014) in the United Kingdom suggests that 39% of work-related disability is caused by work-related stress, depression, and anxiousness.
In Nigeria, occupational stress is a result of or a response to environmental stressors, owing to the spirited environment in which the majority of the world’s population works (Vijayan, 2018). Typically, individuals are more concerned with the outcome of their job, which might alter how they treat others and communicate with peers and consumers. Nowadays, occupational stress is more prevalent, resulting in low employee morale (Kaminyonge, 2018). Job stress is caused by technology advancements, competitive lifestyles, and a variety of other societal variables. In the light of the above, this study seek to examine the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria Institute For Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Numerous firms worldwide, particularly research institutes, are seeing an alarming increase in the harmful impacts of stress on staff productivity (Henry & Evans 2008). Most institutions, in the pursuit of increased productivity, end up overloading staff with work in order to meet undue demands, which can have negative psychological and physical impacts on employees. This may have the unintended consequence of accomplishing the opposite of what these groups intend (Obiora, & Iwuoha, 2017).
The link between employee stress and productivity has not been addressed empirically. Ajayi, (2018), found a substantial negative correlation between job stress and employee performance in the banking industry. Abolade, (2018) discovered that stress had a detrimental effect on employee productivity. According to Bewell, Yakubu, Owotunse, & Ojih (2014), the idea of work-induced stress and employees’ effectiveness and productivity are inextricably linked, but Aasia, Hadia, & Sabita (2014) discovered that job stress had no influence on employee job performance. Additionally, Ayaz, Alamgir, & Khan, (2017), discovered that stress had a favorable effect on corporate performance. According to a study conducted by Bennet, (2016), there is a positive moderate link between job stress and employee performance.
Job stress comes at a high price. It is terrible for the person and detrimental to the business at a time when cost containment and ensuring an effective and healthy staff are more important than ever. Stress has been dubbed the “health pandemic of the twenty-first century” (Robbines & Sanghi 2016), with businesses estimating that it costs them up to billions of Naira each year. It has been noticed that employees who are under a great deal of stress suffer hypertension, ulcers, irritability, trouble making basic judgments, and maybe lack of appetite. The effect of all of these on employees is concerning. As a result, accident rates, sickness, absence from work, inefficiency, ruined relationships with clients and coworkers, high staff turnover, early retirement for medical reasons, and even premature death may increase. These and several other issues have posed severe concerns for organizations, since they have prompted the question of whether stress should be avoided at all costs. The aforementioned this study seek to examine the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria Institute For Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general aim of this study is to examine the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study.
Specifically, this study will;
- To find out whether job stress affect employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- To find out whether job stress affect employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- To find out whether job stress affect employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- To find out whether job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
1.4 Research Question
The study will be guided by the following questions;
- Does job stress affect employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research?
- Does job stress affect employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research?
- Does job stress affect employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research?
- Does job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
H0: Job stress does not affect employees commitment.
H02: Job stress does not affect employees effectiveness.
H03: Job stress does not affect employees productivity.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study may aid managers and staff members of Institute For Oil Palm Research Benin City Edo in selecting the most effective strategies for managing stress in the workplace. This contributes to the study’s relevance, which is why its conclusions are important. The outcomes of the study will aid workers in understanding how they might improve their job-related mental health without compromising their performance or productivity. That is to say, an organization may reduce stress in the workplace without really reducing the amount of work to be done by increasing employee autonomy or the confidence with which decisions are made. In addition to this, it will provide assistance to managers in the process of fine-tuning the administrative structure of their organizations in order to reduce the amount of stress experienced by employees and to protect the mental health of employees, all without compromising productivity. It’s possible that the findings may persuade businesses to place a larger focus not only on organizational structure and job design, but also on training, assistance, and counseling for their employees.
In addition to this, it will oblige firms to adhere to management standards, which will lead to a reduction in the number of employees who suffer from poor health. This will result in the establishment of a framework for measuring the degree of exposure to significant stressors in the workplace, and it will stimulate improved working conditions by highlighting areas in which management may take action. In addition, the study will be of use to academics and students who are interested in undertaking research on these current issues.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study is structured to generally examine the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study. However, the study will further find out whether job stress affect employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research; find out whether job stress affect employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research; find out whether job stress affect employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research; and find out whether job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research. The respondents for this study will be obtained from the staff of Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Effect:
A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Stress:
Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous. Stress is your body’s reaction to a challenge or demand.
Employee:
A person employed for wages or salary, especially at non-executive level.
Performance:
The action or process of performing a task or function.
1.10 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows.
- Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
- Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
- Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
- Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
- Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings onthe effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the effect of stress on workers productivity using Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City as a case study. The study is was specifically carried out to find out whether job stress affect employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, find out whether job stress affect employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, find out whether job stress affect employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research, and find out whether job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 35 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were staff of Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research Benin City, Edo State.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- Job stress affects employees commitment in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- Job stress affects employees turnover in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- Job stress affects employees effectiveness in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
- Job stress affect employees productivity in Nigeria institute for Oil Palm Research.
5.4 Recommendation
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
- The workload of workers should be reduced to a more reasonable level. The hospital should employ more workers to help lift too much workload of the workers. Workers of the hospital who are developing their career should be encouraged to do so, this could be done by granting them leave or reducing their workload so they could have more time for career development
- Workers should try as much as possible to strike a balance between their office work and family responsibilities; none should be taken with levity
- The workers position and status should be put into consideration and adequate incentives and benefits should be made available.
- Organizational policies should be instituted that will make communication amongst the rank files liberalized and made easier.
- There should be wide consultation on issues before taking any decision. Workers should be given freedom to express their minds on issues affecting them. This will facilitate a sense of belonging among the workers.
- Efforts made by government to revamp the economy should be intensified. If this is achieved, workers will have job opportunities and the condition of service will be enhanced.
- Workers should ensure self protection against stress. They should ensure means to fight back these stress factors. They should be able to detect the signal of stress factors and possible causes within the environment.
- Workers should endeavour to attend mental health seminars and adopt stress reducing measures like relaxation, sleep, rest (leave seeking), balanced diet, exercises that help the heart and lungs, dangers of alcohol abuse and ability to let go.
- Workers should set priorities. Most effective workers achieve their objectives at early hours of the day, those who fail to plan and set priorities often face stress situations at the end of the day. Long range plans and goals are also important.
- Traits like being aggressive, highly competitive, hard driving, ambitious and being optimistic make the workers the primary subject of stress. What is needed exactly when such is discovered is for the workers to undertake counselling from organizational psychologist and supervisors.

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