Effects Of Nutrition Education On The Performance Of Athletes

Effects Of Nutrition Education On The Performance Of Athletes
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes using Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin as a case study. The study was specifically set to investigate if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition, examine if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have right attitudes toward nutrition, determine the extent at which the athletes of Kwara State College of Education practice right nutritional intake, find out if the coaches of Kwara State College of Education lay more emphasize and ensure that their athletes take adequate nutrition and find out if having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of athletes in Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin.In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently validated 100respondents, Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and percentage, while the hypotheses was tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition. Furthermore, the study showed that having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education. The study recommends that the school management can get sport nutritionist that will help take care of the athletes diet since not all the time the coaches emphasizes good diet to the athlete. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
There are many factors that influence health status and greatly impact everyday life. One of the most modifiable and controllable areas is diet and nutrition. Diet is simply what you consume and the quantities of how much you consume, therefore fueling the body and profoundly impacting how an individual functions physically, mentally and even socially. Nutritional choices determine and greatly effect health status. Maintaining a healthy and wellbalanced diet is essential for the overall health and wellness of all populations and individualizing those nutritional needs based on behaviors is critical.
Nutrition currently sits at the forefront of major public health concerns with many nutritional choices trending toward poor decisions, developing unhealthy habits and the associated effects. Obesity is one of the largest health concerns of Americans, accounting for increased risk of disease, mortality, morbidity and billions of health care dollars spent each year. While obesity is the most common indicator of poor nutrition, other main stream diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and stroke are all linked to nutritional factors as well. In fact, 117 million individuals or close to one half of Americans have one or more chronic diseases related to poor diet (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2015, p.xi) therefore emphasizing the importance of intervention.
As these numbers are alarming, the general population are not the only population at risk from poor nutritional habits. Athletes are a sub-population that are particularly affected by poor nutrition which can have a substantial impact on both their health and physical performance. In the case of athletes across all levels, a quality well-balanced diet is essential for proper health and achieving performance goals (Nutrition and Athletic Performance, 2016). The athletepopulation spans a large range of nutritional needs. Performance goals vary immensely between different types of athletes, therefore emphasizing the importance of individualism. Furthermore, proper nutritional supplementation and emphasis on balance is important for all athletes. Current evidence supports the idea that nutrients such as protein, calcium, and iron can have significant positive impacts on performance (Moran, McClung, Kohen, & Lieberman, 2013). However, education and awareness around sports nutrition is largely lagging behind. This is especially true and concerning in the case of student-athletes (Torres-McGehee et al., 2012 & Webber et al.,2015). This literature review will examine the perceptions of nutrition on performance, student-athletes nutritional knowledge and the factors that influence these decisions.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Despite the strong interest in conducting nutrition education interventions in team sports, there is currently no scientific consensus for the most effective intervention to apply in practice. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature is essential to generate robust conclusions regarding the effects of different nutrition education interventions in team sport athletes and facilitate their application to practice in specific contexts. Consequently, the aim of this study is to analyze the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes with reference to Federal College of Education Abeokuta Ogun State.
Other objectives of this study are:
- Investigate if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition.
- Examine if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have right attitudes toward nutrition.
- Determine the extent at which the athletes of Kwara State College of Education practice right nutritional intake.
- Find out if the coaches of Kwara State College of Education lay more emphasize and ensure that their athletes take adequate nutrition.
- Find out if having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education.
1.4 Research Questions
The study will be guided by the following questions;
- Does the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition?
- Does the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have right attitudes toward nutrition?
- What is the extent at which the athletes of Kwara State College of Education practice right nutritional intake?
- Does the coaches of Kwara State College of Education lay more emphasize and ensure that their athletes take adequate nutrition?
- Does having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Having adequate nutrition education does not significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education
- Ha: Having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The outcome of this research work will help to review that adequate and good nutrition enhances better performance in sport since the concept of nutrition will be dealt with fully, emphasizes will be made on classification of nutrition. The nutrients gotten from each classes of food would not be left out.
The outcome of this work may serve as a guide for coaches, sport organizers and athletes. It is hoped that in future the study will help ignite further the desire for further related areas.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study generally focus on assessing the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes.
Geographically, the study will be delimited to Kwara State College of Education. The study will cover the entire athletes in Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, language barriers, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher was able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.
Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Nutrition:
The intake of food considered in relation the body’s dietary needs.
Nutrients:
Are components in foods that an organism uses to survive or grow.
Malnutrition:
Lack of proper nutrition caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
Sport Performance:
Carrying out of specific physical routines or procedures by one who is trained or skilled in physical activity. Performance is influenced by the combination of physiological, psychological and socio cultural factor.
Physical Activity:
An activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment.
Body Building Food:
Is designed to build muscle and reduce body fat. It emphasizes foods high in protein and complex carbohydrate such as whole grain bread, pasta and cereal.
Protective Food:
They contain adequate amounts of vitamins, minerals and high quality proteins and they protect against development of deficiency disease e.g. beriberi.
Dietary:
The kind and amount of food available to or eaten by an individual, group or population. A system of dieting.
Supplement:
Are products used to enhance athletic performance that may include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs or combination of these. It is also called ergogenic acid.
Food Group:
Is a collection of foods that share similar nutritional properties or biological classifications.
1.10 Organization of the Studies
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes using Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the effects of nutrition education on the performance of athletes using Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin as a case study. The study is was specifically set to investigate if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition, examine if the athletes of Kwara State College of Education have right attitudes toward nutrition, determine the extent at which the athletes of Kwara State College of Education practice right nutritional intake, find out if the coaches of Kwara State College of Education lay more emphasize and ensure that their athletes take adequate nutrition and find out if having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 100 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were athletes in Kwara State College of Education, Ilorin.
5.3 Conclusions
In the light of the analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn.
- The athletes of Kwara State College of Education have adequate knowledge of nutrition.
- The athletes of Kwara State College of Education have right attitudes toward nutrition.
- The extent at which the athletes of Kwara State College of Education practice right nutritional intake is high.
- The coaches of Kwara State College of Education lay more emphasize and ensure that their athletes take adequate nutrition.
- Having adequate nutrition education significantly influence the performance of athletes of Kwara State College of Education.
5.4 Recommendation
With regard to the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that;
- The school management should always make sure that all athletes eat adequate diet that will enhance their performance.
- The coaches should emphasize on the kind of diet that will be taken before, during and after competition
- The school management can get sport nutritionist that will help take care of the athletes diet since not all the time the coaches emphasizes good diet to the athlete.
- The athlete should adhere strictly to the dos and don’ts of sport nutritionist/coaches which will help their athletic performance during competition.
- During competition good amount of money should be given to the athletes as feeding allowance and coaches should make sure the athletes use the money eat good food.
- The school management should make sure there is forum where athlete’s food is prepared by the school to monitor their diet.
- The school should organize an orientation forum that will enlighten athletes and coaches the effect of nutrition on athletes’ performance.

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