Ways Of Eradicating Communicable Diseases Among Primary School Pupils

Ways Of Eradicating Communicable Diseases Among Primary School Pupils
Abstract
This project work was designed to find out the communicable diseases among primary school pupils in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area. Communicable diseases are very common among primary pupils. Communicable diseases could be contacted and have effects in primary school pupils, which may include deformity and poor academic performance. Immunization can be used to control the spread of communicable diseases among school pupils.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In this era of technological advancement, there is a possibility for a fast association of knowledge in all fields of human endeavours. The health care delivery system of Ikpoba OkhaLocal Government is being geared towards aligning with the national goal on “health for all”. One way of achieving this goal is through the education of primary school pupils on better health care. This is certainly one of the domains of physical and health education. Health education is designed for primary school level to educate the pupils about common diseases in our immediate environment and their prevention.
Also health education can also bridge the gap, reduce some of our environmental hazards for the welfare of every citizen. It is well known that children are exposed to various hazards of communicable diseases, it is necessary to guide the children from these diseases. Therefore, the teacher should be very much concerned with the health welfare and survival of his pupils. Communicable diseases in the past have been “endemic” and now it has become “sporadic” because of the awareness of this study. As the name implies communicable disease is derived from the combination of two words, communicable and disease. Communicable is an illness that can be in exchanged, share, transmit or imparted.
Disease is an unfavourable condition of an organism caused by micro-organisms as a result of illness, disorder of the body or mind. Communicable diseases are sometimes referred to as infectious diseases. They are the diseases which are communicated from one person to another or from animals to man through personal contacts like air, water, dust or the use of personal belonging or families. The communicable diseases that are common in pupils in primary schools include; chicken pox, measles, cholera, whooping cough, typhoid, tuberculosis, craw-craw, poliomyelitis (infant paralysis). The research is intended to carryout the overview of communicable diseases among primary school pupils. It is also intended to give useful advice and suggestions to teachers in primary school in particular on how to prevent the spread of these communicable diseases among the pupils in primary school in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area.
1.2 Statement of Problem
This research intends to carryout an overview of communicable diseases among primary school pupils in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area as a case study the researcher intend to do this under the following statement of problems.
- Are communicable diseases common among primary pupils in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area?
- Do the pupils in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area learn in a dirty environment that will lead to the spread of communicable diseases among them?
- Are the pupils and the teachers aware of the prevalence of communicable diseases in the primary school in the local government area?
- Does over population in primary schools lead to the spread of communicable diseases among students?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of writing this project is as follows;
- To identify the communicable diseases that is prevalent in primary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State.
- To find out the effects of communicable diseases on the pupils and the society at large.
- To outline the various causes of the diseases.
- To reduce and control the diseases among primary school pupils in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo State.
- To examine the nature and scope of communicable diseases.
1.4 Research Hypotheses
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;
- H0: there are no communicable diseases that is prevalent in primary schools in IkpobaOkhaLocal Government Area of Edo State
H1: there are communicable diseases that is prevalent in primary schools in IkpobaOkhaLocal Government Area of Edo State - H02: there are no various causes of the diseases
H2: there are various causes of the diseases
1.5 Significance of the Study
The importance of this study cannot be overemphasized.
- The study would also be of great help to the ministry of health and the government whose objectives of primary health care are preventive health and gradual eradication of these communicable diseases.
- It will help the teachers and the pupils to be aware of the commonest communicable diseases in Ikpoba Okha Local Government primary schools with the view of preventing their spread.
- It helps the teachers to prevent a crowdy classroom in order to give room for ventilation.
- It helps the teachers to care about the health of the students and to know how to treat the infected pupil.
- It helps in continuous training of teachers on disease control.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The study is exclusively limited to the effects of common communicable diseases on the educational attainment of primary school pupils in IkpobaOkhaLocal Government Area of Edo State. It is possible to cover all communicable diseases within a short time, consequent upon this, the study is limited to the following diseases; measles, ringworm, and cholera.The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) Availability of Research Material:
The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) Time:
The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) Organizational Privacy:
Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.
1.7 Definition of Terms
The following terms were used in this research work, many have different meaning to many people in different fields but for the purpose of this study.
The meanings of these terms are as follows.
Communicable Diseases:
They are the diseases which are passed from one person to another through water, air, dust etc.
Non-Communicable Diseases:
These are diseases that cannot be spread through personal contact, water, dust, air, etc.
Immunity:
This is the ability or power possessed by children to resist infection.
Dehydration:
This is loss of water and dissolved salt from the body.
Immunization:
This is a form of disease prevention involving the injection of a vaccine or an antiserum into the body of an organism in other to protect the organism from attack by a disease.
Vaccination:
This is a form of disease prevention involving the administration of antigenic vaccine to stimulate the immune system of an individual to develop adaptive immunity to a disease.
Lumps:
This is an infectious disease characterized by the swelling of the neck and the cheek due to the inflammation of the parotid glands at the junction of the neck and the lower jaws
1.8 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
- Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
- Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
- Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
- Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
- Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain way of eradicating communicable disease among primary school. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing challenges of eradicating communicable disease among primary school
5.2 Summary
This study was on way of eradicating communicable disease among primary school. Four objectives were raised which included: Are communicable diseases common among primary pupils in IkpobaOkhaLocal Government Area, do the pupils in IkpobaOkhaLocalGovernment Area learn in a dirty environment that will lead to the spread of communicable diseases among them, are the pupils and the teachers aware of the prevalence of communicable diseases in the primary school in the local government area, does over population in primary schools lead to the spread of communicable diseases among students. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected primary schools in IkpobaOkha local government of Edo state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made principals, vice principals administration, senior staff and junior staff were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
5.3 Conclusion
A central role of carefully designed community programmes is to form a link between basic health research, large-scale public health programmes and government policy-making. Such a community programme thus forms a “pilot”, “demonstration”, or “model” for testing the approach for nationwide use. Several countries have now recognized the need to initiate demonstration or pilot projects. The objectives of the demonstration project would be:
- To promote a healthy lifestyle, particularly with regard to tobacco use, diet and physical activity.
- To reduce the risk factors in the community for non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, non-insulin dependent diabetes and certain types of cancer
5.4 Recommendation
- Government and non-governmental agencies in charge of vaccines should endeavour to produce and make them always available to the schools.
- State government should ensure that private practitioners of health care services are duely registered and monitored. This will help to minimize quackery and unsure that qualified health personnel deliver health care services in the neighbourhood, where schools are


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