A Study Of The Causes Of Teenage Pregnancy Among Female Students And It’s Effects On Their Academic Performance In Secondary School

A Study Of The Causes Of Teenage Pregnancy Among Female Students And It’s Effects On Their Academic Performance In Secondary School
Abstract
This research work is carried out to find out the causes of teenage pregnancy among female student in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area in Edo State. It deals with the purpose of the study, which is to find out the problems teens are facing concerning unwanted pregnancy and unwed parenthood. To suggest ways of helping any youth facing the dilemma of unwed parenthood as well as practical suggestions for adolescents in avoiding the pitfall of being pregnant. Related literature was reviewed and questionnaires were administered.
It was observed that most students drop out from secondary school as a result of teenage pregnancy the summary recommendation and conclusion researcher was able to find out that adolescent from neglected families or broken home lead to teenage pregnancy. It was also detected that lack of exposition, lack of family guidance and bad company contribute a lot to teenage pregnancy. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that since the parents has a greater role to play in the life of adolescent therefore parents should maintain stable and positive relationship with their children. And also parents encourage deep religious spiritual affiliation and realistic academic expectation.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The number of teenagers giving birth each year is staggering. In fact of the slight more than 10% of young mothers are teenagers. Nigerian birth rate for adolescent is one of the highest in the world and the prevalence among female adolescent in Nigeria of sexually transmitted infection including HIV is climbing rapidly. In an effect to reduce her high pregnancy rate by teenagers including other problems, Nigerians developed a national reproduction health policy in the year 2000 that focuses on preventing risk sexual behaviour during adolescent (national Population Commission) Nigeria demographic and health survey 2004, Abuja Nigeria Commission 2006.
While sexual knowledge is higher among young people put of school sexual experience while in school pay prompt students to acquire sexual knowledge and to move out of school. In Nigeria, pregnancy and motherhood mark the end of school attendance and by 16 years, 21% female adolescent are either pregnant or have given birth. Teenagers face daily pressure from peers, they are expose to influence of TV movies, the music industry and internet etc unfortunately young ones are too inexperienced to handle the consequences of pregnancy.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
This research work is to look into the causes of teenage pregnancy among female students and its effect. Millions of children return from school to an empty house because both parents are of the working class, which makes many teenagers less parents. Dysfunction families have set the stage for pregnancy. Many parents feel that their young ones will be taught sex education in school while the schools have failed to meet that demand. So good foundation of sex education both in school and at home, there is also the powerful influence of the media because teenager usually spend more likely to practice these behaviours in real life and have multiple sexual partners.
In our computer age, children do not need to have computer in their homes before using one, the use of computer have increased in many country including Nigeria and sexual materials of all kinds are easily accessible through the internet. Unsupervised internet use may expose teenagers to pornographic and sex chart room, some teenagers are willing to accept sex if they are paid and some adult encourage teenage sex by deliberately taking advantages of their being poor.
Most parents fail to understand their children and do not have a close relationship with their children as a result, find it difficult to confide matters to their parents.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
School age girls who are become pregnant come from all socio-economic classes, all race, and all part of the country. The main aim of this project therefore is designed to help many youth face dilemma of unwed parenthood as well as practical suggestions for adolescents in avoiding the pitfalls of being pregnant and becoming parents suddenly.
1.4 Research Questions
- Is there any significant difference between negligence of children by parents and teenage pregnancy?
- Is there any significant difference between knowledge of sex education either in school or at home and teenage pregnancy?
- Is there any significant difference between exposure to media and computer and teenage pregnancy?
- Is there any significance difference between parental background and teenage pregnancy?
- Is there any significance difference between peer group influence and teenage pregnancy?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The necessity to have teenagers make the right decisions pick appropriate findings, view others with value or importance and become better mothers and fathers. Now that there is much controversy and confusion as regard sex and morals, have made ours project a good relevant to our moral society.
This is the nation making (practical suggestions) available to all at the appropriate time become next in priority.
1.6 Scope and Limitations
The study has weakness of limitation that may affect its result or interpretation. Non-random selection of participants in some schools may have resulted in a sample that did not present the population of secondary school students in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area in Edo State. Furthermore, although Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area I the country students differ and their sexual behaviour and family differ and the study collected data from adolescents. In schools, where less than third of those that attend the schools are adolescents the result cannot be generalized to all adolescents nationwide. Finally, the study was strenuous, time consuming and there was lack of finance for transportation as a result of high cost of petroleum product and bad roads.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Adoption:
That act or process of adopting a child.
Abortion:
Is the removal of expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus resulting in or caused by death.
Adolescent:
A young person age 10-14 years.
Curiosity:
The desire to know above a lot of different things.
Pregnancy:
The condition of being pregnant or the period of time when a woman is pregnant.
Promiscuous:
Having sex with a lot of people.
Peer Pressure:
A strong pressure imposes by peer group.
Peer:
Some one of the same age group, social class etc.
Sex Education:
Education in school about the physical processes and emotions involved in sex.
Teenage motherhood:
Someone who give birth between the age of 13 and 19 or a girl who give birth at her teenage age some one who is between 13 and 19 years old.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary
The findings of the study can help programme planner in Nigeria tailor prevention strategies to the needs of adolescent who are not of school work that advances our understanding of the contest of time, place and ground adolescents in Nigeria is needed to interpret research correctly and plan interventions that are appropriate and effective. In the light of this research, the researcher tried to find out how the problems listed in chapter one (see research questions) can result in teenage pregnancy and the consequence of having early sexual intercourse. A questionnaire was designed and administered to student from four different schools.
The result from the study revealed that when children are not exposed to sex education easily it can result in teenage pregnancy and negligence of children that are not easily pregnant because wrong information will not be passed to them. Parents can as well spend time with their children to help them solve those problems they face both in school and at home. It will help the adolescent become better adult in future and have some thing meaningful to contribute to the community society and the whole world if possible. From the findings, the data was analyzed it was observed that adolescents from neglected families (see table 1) parents however need to love and spend time with their children. The findings also show that sex education though taught in schools is not sufficient need to educate their young ones on sex. Teenagers in Nigeria seldom go to computer centres or visit chart rooms (see table 3). Though the percentage of negative responses was (35%) possible because they are not exposed to computer usage the findings show that in the future it will increase teenage pregnancy.
Finally, during adolescent young people very much need support and guidance from their parents and families providing guidance has never been simple task, vast social change makes it even more difficult for parents to know how to help their children and prepare them for the future.
5.2 Recommendation
From the fact gathered in this study, the following recommendations are made:
- Issue of children being neglected by their parents should be looked into though families to survive they need high income to provide for the necessary of life. But parents can still try to have some quality time with their children to know them well who their friends are and how they dress. The parents should also know the importance of communication because that will help the parents to know the children real well.
- In the aspect of sex education the idea place to teach sex education in the home, because the parents understands the child better than any one who has not lived with the child to therefore parent should be educated on what and how to teach their children about sex.
- The parents of the adolescents should be provided with information and support that will help them into adulthood.
- Parents should continue to increase the accessibility of school for all young people, but especially for girls and young people.
- The young should be helped to understand the possibility consequences of sexual male relationship and encourage them to take responsibility of their actions.
- The pregnancy adolescents should be encouraged to attend school, pregnancy as well as after birth.
- Encourage awareness of sexual abuse and training to identify and counsel youths subjected to sexual violence.
- Emphasize the importance of preventing STD’s including AIDS and alert adolescents of the consequences of such infections.
5.3 Conclusion
Although the study has revealed that broken home assault media contributed greatly to the causes of teenage pregnancy. It cannot be generalized because there are some children form broken homes and who have access to mass media and could still keep their self until they ripe for marriages.
To crown it all, enlightenment programme should be organized by the appropriate authorities in order to create awareness about the negative effect of pregnancy. And also parents should maintain stable and positive relationships with their children encourage deep relationships with their children, encourage deep religious spiritual affiliation and realistic academic expectations.


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