The Study Of Sexual Harassment Among Female Students In College Of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin

The Study Of Sexual Harassment Among Female Students In College Of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin
Abstract
This research work was designed to examine and analyze sexual harassment among female students in the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. Four (4) research questions were formulated and questionnaires were administered to one hundred (100) respondents in order to gather data for the research. Results of the research showed that most female students of the College of Education usually experience sexual harassment from the lecturers. Finally some recommendations were made by the researcher.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Sexual harassment is a serious problem for all student at all educational levels. Students in elementary and secondary schools as well as vocational schools, apprenticeship programmes, colleges and universities can be victims of sexual harassment. This problem is more common than you might think because many students are scared or too embarrassed to report sexual harassment.
Harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature. Sexual harassment also include intimidation, bullying or coercion of a sexual nature or the unwelcome or inappropriate promises of rewards in exchange for sexual favours. In most modern legal contexts, sexual harassment is illegal. Harassment does not have to be of a sexual nature, however, and can include offensive remarks about a person’s sex. For example, it is illegal to harass a woman by making offensive comments about women in general. Both victims and the harasser can either be a woman or a man, and the victim and the harasser can also be of the same se. although the law doesn’t prohibit simple teasing, offhand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious, harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision (such as the victims being fired or demoted).
The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, a supervisor in another area, a coworker or someone who is not an employee of the employer such as client or customer. It includes a range of bahaviour from seemingly mind (dubious discuss) transgressions and annoyances to actual sexual abuse or sexual assault. Sexual harassment is a form of illegal employment discrimination in many countries and is a form of abuse (sexual and psychological) and bullying for many businesses and other organization, preventing sexual harassment and defending employees from sexual harassment charges, have become key goals of legal decision-making.
Effects of sexual harassment can vary depending on the individual, and severity and duration of the harassment, often, sexual harassment incidents fall into the category of the “merely annoying”. However, many situations can and do have life altering effects particularly when they involve severe/chronic abuses and or retaliation against a victim who complains about it openly. Indeed psychologists and social workers report that severe/chronic sexual harassment can have the same psychological effects as rape or sexual assault. (Koss, 1987). For example in 1995, Judith Coflin committed suicide after chronic sexual harassment by her boss and co-workers.
Moreover, every year, sexual harassment cost hundreds of millions of dollars is lost educationally and professionally, mostly for girls and women (Boland, 2002). However, the quantity of men implied in these conflicts is significant. Sexual harassment has reduced many students ability to participate in extracurricular activities or attend classes.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Sexual harassment still exists in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. It is also highlighted by the fact that in 2010, a computer science lecturer of the College was demoted from a higher office after he was accused of sexually harassing female students of the Department.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
Against this background a study on which this research is based, was embarked upon in order to fully examine sexual harassment prevalence among female students in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. Specifically, the study had the following objectives;
- To analyze the extent to which staff and students of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin defines and understands sexual harassment.
- To identify and examine the most valuable group in relation to cases of sexual harassment.
- To critically analyze the divergence of views in relation to sexual harassment cases.
- To identify and assess the institutional measures taken to avoid or curb sexual harassment.
- To identify and examine the effects sexual harassment on female students of the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
1.4 Research Questions
This study is out to answer some of the following questions;
- What is the nature and forms of sexual harassment in the College?
- What are student’s views on the rate of sexual harassment in the College?
- Are students satisfied with the measures taken by the College management to curb sexual harassment?
- Are female students more sexually harassed than male students in the College?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The importance of this study is that it helps to call for urgent research into the prevalence, and effect of sexual harassment on the classroom interaction and performance of female students in tertiary institutions of learning.
It is also hoped that this study will assist the College management in making decision management in making decision and mapping out strategic policies towards cracking the ugly trend of sexual harassment among female students in the College.
1.6 Delimitation of the Study
This study is done within the premises of College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. This study is also limited to the investigation of sexual harassment among female students of the College. The findings of this study is limited to the College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Sexual:
Connected with the physical activity of sex.
Harass:
To annoy or worry someone by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them.
Prevalence:
The act of existing or becoming very common at a particular time r in a particular place.
Coercion:
The action of making somebody do something that they do no want to do.
Chapter Five
Summary, Recommendations and Conclusion
5.1 Summary
The purpose of the present research study was to inform on the extent and nature of sexual harassment among students sample at College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. The motivation for the study was based on the shortage of research investigating sexual harassment prevalence rates at institutions of higher learning in Nigeria and the African continent. The researcher is of the view that studies such as the present one advanced our understanding of sexual harassment as a phenomenon which plagues our society and impacts negatively on the lives of a great number of people. The main aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of blatant and subtle sexual harassment. In addition to this, the researcher set out to determine the degree of tolerance of subtle sexual harassment among participants, the prevalence of subtle sexual harassment within the sample, as well as the prevalence of group sexual harassment, the prevalence of the familiarity of the perpetrator and the location of the sexual harassment incidents. The prevalence of help-resource use by victims following incidents of sexual harassment and the relationship between the use of psychoactive substances and the incidents (occurrences) of sexual harassment was also studied.
Furthermore, the effects of sexual harassment on the victim, be it social, emotional and/or academic, was also ascertained. In addition to this, the relationship between the perception, tolerance and prevalence of sexual harassment among participants in the study, was investigated. Also, this study attempted to outline the different definitions of sexual harassment. An exposition of different behavioural types that reside under the umbrella name of sexual harassment, for example blatant types such as rape, attempted rape and stalking as well as a variety of subtle sexual harassment types were provided. Numerous theoretical perspectives were employed to explain the origins of sexual harassment and the effects of such harassment on victims. Attention was also paid to the factors that influence, sustain and foster the entrenchment and perpetration of sexual harassment in society. In the literature review an overview was given of the categories and types of sexual harassment. A review of the extent of sexual harassment on College campuses was provided as well as an analysis of prevalence studies conducted at African universities. In addition the focus fell on previous research on sexual harassment, College residences as focal points of sexual harassment, the effects of sexual harassment, responses to sexual harassment, effects of sexual harassment, risk factors for sexual harassment, perceptions of sexual harassment, perpetrators of sexual harassment, sex differences regarding the perpetrators of sexual harassment, sex differences in victims of sexual harassment, familiarity of perpetrators men as targets of sexual harassment, the phenomenon of same-sex sexual harassment as well as the deficiencies in previous research on sexual harassment. The research
design took the form of a questionnaire that covered the time period during which the students were enrolled at College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. The undergraduate students from the College of Education campus were invited to participate in the study. The total sample consisted of 100 students. The electronic questionnaire consisted of a total of separate questions with some containing various sub-sections. The most important Findings of the research were that a sizeable percentage of participants reported being the victim of at least one incident of stalking and that disturbingly high prevalence rates were reported for attempted rape and rape. It was also found that significant differences exist between the genders and racial groups regarding what behavioural types are perceived as constituting incidents of subtle sexual harassment. In terms of the degree of tolerance of subtle sexual harassment, significant differences were also found between the genders and the racial groups. Results of the study indicate that incidents of subtle sexual harassment were prevalent among the sample, that sexual harassment by a group of perpetrators occurs infrequently, and that victims were familiar with the perpetrators of sexual harassment in most of the cases. In terms of the location of sexual harassment, it was found that most incidents occurred on-campus and where the participants resided. The results furthermore indicate that help-resource use was relatively low among participants and that psychoactive substances contributed to the experience of a sizeable number of incidents of sexual harassment. Regarding the effects suffered following incidents of blatant and subtle sexual harassment, it was reported that a significant differences exist between the gender groups. Finally, significant correlations were demonstrated between the perception, tolerance and prevalence of subtle sexual harassment. In conclusion, the recommendations for future research as well as the limitations of the study were outlined.
5.2 Recommendations
The following are recommendations made in relation to this study and ways to improve the quality of the study;
Sample size:
A larger sample could have yielded differential results.
Length of Questionnaire:
The questionnaire might have been somewhat lengthy. Had it been shorter in length more students might have been willing to participate in the study.
Layout of the Questionnaire:
The questionnaire could have been organised in a more systematic fashion. Also, the introduction of a linking-system in order to link various sections of the questionnaire should be investigated.
Absence of Formal Definitions of Sexual Harassment:
The present researcher opted not to include a formal definition for the various types of sexual harassment. Other studies have chosen to narrowly define such concepts. Both strategies have advantages and disadvantages. A comparative study of the two strategies is recommended for future research.
Time Periods:
The present study requested participants to only report incidents of sexual harassment that had occurred while they were enrolled students at Stellenbosch University, and only incidents that occurred on the campus (or town where the campus was located). This did not include other incidents of sexual harassment that might have occurred elsewhere and during other time periods. This could be investigated.
The Scope of the Research:
The study focused on the prevalence of sexual harassment by collecting data pertaining to the number of victims of incidents of sexual harassment. The study was not aimed at collecting data that would inform on the nature of the sexual harassment perpetrator and/or the reasons for perpetration. Such an investigation is recommended for future research. Also, the present study was a quantitative study and therefore did not lend itself to qualitative investigations. A qualitative investigation of the experiences and/or perceptions of victims of the various types of sexual harassment were not undertaken. Certain sections of this study could be targeted for more in depth investigations.
Comparison With Previous Research on Sexual Harassment:
The present study was conducted in College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin. It is recommended that studies replicating this study in its entirety or in part, be conducted at other Colleges and universities.
Other Factors Impacting on the Research:
This study did not investigate variables related to cognition, personality, age and/or emotional and cognitive maturity of the victim or perpetrator and the role that these variables might have played in mediating the effects of sexual harassment or whether these variables might have acted as precipitants or causative factors for sexual harassment. This could be investigated for future research.
5.3 Conclusion
In conclusion I would like to state that conducting this study was a personally enriching and rewarding experience. It is my sincere hope that this research will stimulate future research undertakings and that the findings and recommendations presented, will be purposefully applied to further our understanding of this challenging and complex phenomenon. In this regard, I also express the wish that this study will heighten overall sensitivity towards this important societal issue, and that the findings contained herein will be practicably applied for the benefit of South African society and beyond.


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