A Study Of Problems Facing Vocational Technical Education In Nigeria (A Case Study Of Enugu State)

A Study Of Problems Facing Vocational Technical Education In Nigeria (A Case Study Of Enugu State)

Abstract

Presently, vocational education is perceived by the Nigerian society as inferior to literary education, that it is only meant for the handicapped children, school dropouts, indigents and the disadvantaged in the Nigerian society. This study then examined the concept of vocational education in context to its aims and goals towards Nation building, the historical background of vocational education, challenges, and prospects of vocational education in Nigeria. The paper concluded that the holistic acceptance of the aims and goals of vocational education is pertinent towards placing Nigeria among the 20 developed economies in the year 2020. The writers further recommended that government should rise up to its duties by sincerely funding, implementing and monitoring of vocational education program.

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

In most countries of the world vocational technical education has been given a pride of place, because of the realization of its importance in the economic growth and well-being of any Nation. For any nation to be self-reliant and self-sufficient its educational programmes must have been properly planned and necessary facilities provided to enable the attainment of programmes goals.

The current issues of concern in vocational technical education in Nigeria particularly in Enugu state college of education technical is the standard of the institution. To this end, Nigeria is channeling more efforts towards the development of technology since there seems to be a positive relationship between a nation’s state of economy and a nation’s state of technology. Hence Ozoro (1982) stated that “scientific and technological man-power developments should not be left to evolve by change in modern economics as national well-being is hinged or dependent on properly calculated technical plans”. For real the standard of vocational technical education in Enugu state is issue of concern.

Vocational technical education in Nigeria is a pre-requisite for over all social, economic and scientific/technological development. Its importance in the nation’s development cannot be over emphasized. This is a result of its positive impact in a nation’s building like reduction of unemployment rate, provision of needed skill and knowledge, increase in the production of goods and services, reduces dependence on foreign expertise, encourages foreign investment, increase in foreign exchange earnings etc.

Nigeria, the largest black nation in the world is endowed with such natural resources as crude oil, bauxite, valuable trees, limestone, rubber, tin ore etc. which can be harnessed for the upliftment of the social and economic life of the people. In order to fully tap and harness these resources Nigerians must of a necessity, be groomed, educated and empowered in the direction of vocational and technical education. For this reason the federal republic of Nigeria, in the national policy on education (1981) revised envisage for Nigeria a nation which is strong, self-reliant and a dynamic economy as three of the best national objectives for which vocational technical education makes some contributions.

Inspite of all the position impact of vocational technical education in nation’s building, vocational technical education in Nigeria particularly in Enugu state college of education (technical) is still facing some problems which imposed questions in the minds of the students, lecturers and the people of Enugu state like: what could be responsible for the problems? And how do we solve the problems? In question one above the majority are of the opinion ranging from government policy to lack of equipment.

This research is designed specifically to find out the major problems confronting vocational technical education in Nigeria particularly in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This research topic was chosen by the researchers to investigate the “problems facing vocational technical education in Nigeria (a case study of Enugu state college of education (technical)” due to the complaints from students, lecturers and the people of Enugu state on the low standard of vocational technical education in Enugu state.

This problem puzzles the minds of the students, lecturers and all concern citizens and imposed questions to them as: could it be that governments do not know the importance of vocational technical education in nation’s development? This situation has generated a lot debate, concern and quarries especially among educators, students and parents. The foregoing situation was recognized by government when the need for the standardization of vocational technical education gathered more momentum. This research is hope to find out the major problems facing vocational education in Nigeria particularly in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The major aim of this study is to identify the problems that are currently facing vocational technical education in Nigeria particularly Enugu state college of education (technical) ESCET Enugu.

Precisely, the research is designed to

1. Find out whether unavailability of equipment and non-functional workshop really hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
2. Find out the level which poor societal attitude has developed a problem that hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
3. Find out the extent to which inadequate funding constituted a problem to the development of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
4. Find out the reasons behind low level of students enrolment in the available courses offered in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
5. Find out the reasons behind inadequate vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
6. It also intends to find out the degree to which government policy has constituted a problem to vocational technical education in Enugu.

1.4 Research Hypotheses

Hypotheses one

• Ho: unavailability of equipment and non-functional workshop does not hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu
• Hi: unavailability of equipment and non-functional workshop hinders the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu

Hypotheses two

• Ho: poor societal attitude doesnot hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.
• Hi: poor societal attitude hinders the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu.

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this research if made available to lecturers, students and the people of Enugu state, it will promote positive attitude towards vocational technical education in Enugu state. It will also made the society to appreciate the roles of vocational technical education in nation’s building or economic development of the country particularly in Enugu state.

Finally the researchers will make lecturers and students of Enugu state college of education technical to see reasons behind the hindering of Enugu state college of education technical progress and equally find solution to the problem.

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is primarily concerned with accessing the problems facing vocational technical education in Nigeria. This study covers Enugu state college of education technical. The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following.

a) Availability of Research Material:

The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study

b) Time:

The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Education:

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. In most regions, education is compulsory up to a certain age.

Technical:

Relating to a particular subject, art, or craft, or its techniques, involving or concerned with applied and industrial sciences

Vocational Education:

Vocational education is education that prepares people to work as a technician or in various jobs such as a trade or a craft. Vocational education is sometimes referred to as career education or technical education.

1.8 Organization of the Study

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

• Chapter one is concerned with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
• Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
• Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
• Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
• Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Introduction

It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to have a critical analysis of problems facing vocational technical education in Nigeria.

In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations are made, which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefit in addressing the challenges facing vocational technical education in Nigeria.

5.2 Summary

This study aimed at having a critical analysis of, problems facing vocational technical education in Nigeria (NUMBER OF OBJECTIVES) were raised. These objectives include: Find out whether unavailability of equipment and non-functional workshop really hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu, find out the level which poor societal attitude has developed a problem that hinder the progress of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu, find out the extent to which inadequate funding constituted a problem to the development of vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu, find out the reasons behind low level of students enrolment in the available courses offered in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu, find out the reasons behind inadequate vocational technical education in Enugu state college of education (technical) Enugu, itt also intends to find out the degree to which government policy has constituted a problem to vocational technical education in Enugu.

5.3 Conclusion

Based on the above findings pertaining to the objectives of the study the following conclusions are drawn.
Vocational education has an illustrious part, which is the training and the development of individuals to be successful in any career of their choice and should be accorded its rightful place in national development. In view of the fact that vocational education is essentially for nation building, vocational education should concentrate on providing practical activities which will lead to self-discovery, self-reliance and socio-economic development of Nigeria. It is high time that government and the Nigerian society are enlightened on the benefits of vocational education which will actualize the goals of vision of the present government.

5.4 Recommendation

The federal and state governments should make frantic efforts to provide functional technical/vocational workshops in the various vocational trades.

1. Management in technical colleges and the governments should release funds for the procurement and distribution of training materials to teachers in technical colleges.
2. The teachers registration council of Nigeria (TRCN) should ensure that only trained technical teachers with professional teaching qualifications should be employed and allowed to teach in technical colleges.
3. Needed classroom facilities should be provided by government for effective teaching/learning of technical education courses.
4. – Technical education teachers should be encouraged to proceed on in-service training for update on emergent issues and development in technical courses.
5. – Universities should increase the number of admission (intakes of interested candidates) into the technical disciplines in view of the fact that we are now in technological era.
6. – Technical colleges should be adequately funded to enable students and staff embarks on designing and constructing prototypes that could be developed to parents by the private sector.

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