Statistical Analysis Of Reading Habits And Academic Performance Of Students (A Case Study Of Federal Polytechnic Nekede, Owerri)

Project and Seminar Material for Mathematics and Statistics

Abstract

This study is aimed at determine the statistical Analysis of reading habits and academic performance of polytechnic students, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri that was used as a case study. Questionnaire were administered to the students in all the text conducted, using chi-square test of independence which shows that the performance of students is dependent on their reading habits and also that the sex of student is independent of their performance.

Recommendation however were made based on these findings some of them were that lecture rooms should be provided and libraries developed to enhance effective reading. Specially in chapter four it analysis the information of reading habit of students in relation to their performance. Meanwhile, the last chapter reveals some factors, which led to the inability of students to comprehend easily.

Table Of Contents

Preliminary Page(s)

• Title Page
• Approval Page
• Dedication
• Acknowledgment
• Abstract
• Table of Contents

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

• 1.1 General Background
• 1.2 Statement of the Problem
• 1.3 Scope of the study
• 1.4 Aims and objective of the study
• 1.5 Significant of the study
• 1.6 Problems encountered during the study
• 1.7 Statement of the hypothesis
• 1.8 Limitation of the study
• 1.9 Definition of terms

Chapter Two

2.0 Literature Review

• 2.1 Definition of reading
• 2.2 Conceptual modern of the reading process
• 2.3 Reading habit
• 2.4 Causes of reading habit
• 2.5 Relationship between reading and academic performance
• 2.6 Comprehension and academic performance

Chapter Three

3.0 Research Methodology

• 3.1 Data source
• 3.2 Sampling procedure
• 3.3 Method of data collection
• 3.4 Method of data analysis
• 3.5 Chi – square test of independence
• 3.6 Characteristics of chi-square test

Chapter Four

4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis

• 4.2 Testing the reading habit of students in relation to the performance
• 4.3 Testing the sex of student and their performance
• 4.4 Performance of female students and place of residence

Chapter Five

5.0 Summary, Findings, Conclusion And Recommendation

• 5.1 Summary and Findings
• 5.2 Conclusion
• 5.3 Recommendation
• 5.4 Suggestions for further study
• Bibliography
• Questionnaire

Chapter One

1.0 Introduction

1.1 General Background

Attention has been given to the reading problems of students in Nigeria. One major reason for this is that there has been a lot of misconception and lack of understanding and agreement about what reading is and how it should be done.

In Nigeria, reading is perceived as verbalization of the written symbols. This perception of reading underscores the belief that whoever can read is acquiring knowledge. it is assumed that skills for activity has been learnt during the primary education when people were taught alphabets and how to read word recognition. This category of people have failed to realize that reading is more than mere reading of printed words on a page of paper.

Thus narrow perception of what reading is does not give direction to the appreciation of reading as response orientated.

English language is the official language of Nigeria and Nigerians learnt it, as a second language. This, no doubts has affected many individuals capacities for reading and performance in academic studies. Students are faced with volume of work that should be read with comprehension and speed if they have to pass well in their examination but quiet often students in most schools bring with them reading habits/skills which have hardly been develop and some with bad reading habits which have not been corrected.

This problem is compounded by the fact that after the secondary education most people never again have a formal reading lesson even though the ability to learn a clearly significant factor of developing reading increase with maturity.

A person proficiency in reading to generally judge by the fluency, speeding word recognition and the ability to comprehend the reading materials.

The need for a proper guidance becomes necessary for lecturers to help their student develop those skills that could be for them such skills include:

1. Ability to identify main ideas
2. The ability to identify the topic sentence
3. The ability to follow verbal direction links between words and ideas
4. The ability to follow organizational pattern for the students to attain these skills. They need to develop the right attribute towards reading.

A lot of scholars have emphasized the importance of reading. Reading is a part of everyday living that one can hardly imagine modern life without it. The recognition of this fact was ascertained by Thomas Jefferson, one time president of America who writes in one of this letters that people who read can be free because reading banishes ignorance and superstition. He went further to say where the press is free and every man is able to read, then all is safe.

Reading is the care of language learning. It is the central able to read printed materials, he or she begins to communicate with deals of information. However depends greatly on his reading skill which needs to develop since it is not natural.

1.2 Statement Of The Problem.

It has been shown that the all the language skill, reading, the view is widespread among teachers, lecturers that Nigerian students have poor reading skills which is to say that they are poor readers.

They have difficulty with comprehension, especially when the failure rate in West African Examination Council (WAEC) has been associated with some reading difficulties.

This situation calls for close examination with a view to finding the factors that accounts for the poor reading habits. To this end, the study will attempt to find answers to the following research question.

1. How do student perceive reading
2. What is their attitudes towards reading
3. What among the student of Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri.

1.3 Scope Of The Study

It is generally believed that reading comprehension is a complex skill involving a widerange of skill. In the case of persistent failure of polytechnic school students, the study sets but to assess the skill of the polytechnic students.

The students studying habits therefore need to be studied to determine the extent to which their studying and reading habits affect success. It also focused on the students reading attitude and perception of reading.

1.4 Aims And Objectives Of The Study

The aims and objectives of this study include

1. To study the relationship between sex of students in regards to reading and their performance
2. To identify factors that affect comprehension and rate to reading of students.
3. To determine students attitude towards reading.
4. To study if there is any relationship between reading habits and academic performance of polytechnic students.

1.5 Significance Of The Study

The major concern of the study is to determine the importance of reading habits and its affects on academic performance of federal polytechnic Nekede Owerri students. This study should lend to awareness of studying problems of student of the school and prefer corrective measures.

It is hoped that the students would be made to realize that reading involves skills perhaps better understanding of what reading is, may shape a reading attitude towards his fellow friends, schools, parents also provide knowledge and general interest for further studies in this area to the need to examine the reading comprehension skills of students with a view to identify the factors responsible for their academic performance.

The study is also aimed at making the government realize that their efforts to improve the standard of education will continue to be a mirage if the teaching of reading among other learning skill is neglected in the school course outline.

1.6 Problems Encountered During The Study

As a result of confidentially of the students result. I had the problem of administering the questionnaire of this study to the study to the students at first. So I had to go through the exams and record to get the results. Meanwhile it should be noted that at any stage of statistical enquiry, there exists bias, but we should try much as possible to eliminate them.

I achieve this by using accurate and simple equipment for the data collection, formulating a simple question while the answers will not be so hard for the respondent to supply.
Also financial problem and time were also involved.

1.7 Statement Of Hypothesis

A hypothesis is a statement about one or more populations, it is an assumption about the population involved. This statement about the population may or may not be time. Therefore test of hypothesis is also called test of significance.

The two hypotheses, which are the null hypothesis (denoted by Ho) and the alternative (denoted by Hi).
Therefore, the null hypothesis is the hypothesis that is being tested while the alternative hypothesis is the hypothesis that can becomes the available alternative when the null has been registered.

Therefore, formulating the hypothesis of the study, I have

• Ho: The reading habit of students is independent of their performance in the polytechnic.
• H1: The reading habit of students is dependent of their performance in the polytechnic.

1.8 Limitation Of The Study

1. There is need for caution in the use of data especially data from secondary sources.
2. There is need for the uses of any set data to check whether changes in concepts, definition and methods of collection have change over the period of interest.
3. This study is restricted to the federal polytechnic Nekede Owerri. This is for an effective and purposeful research findings.
4. Imperfect or improper methods of data collection recording, classification and errors of omission when data are transferred from one record to another.

1.9 Definition Of Terms

Main Idea:

The is the key or point that dominates the passage.

Word To Word:

Reading of every word of the passage one by one without any transition skill from one phrase to another.

Diagnosis:

This is the investigation of the nature of the course and extent of the nature of the students’ strength and weakness.

Literal Meaning:

This involves ordinary meaning of words basic or usual meaning of a word or phrase.

Evaluation:

This is the ability to read beyond the line. It involves critical assessment of the reader what he is reading.

Cognitive:

Ability of knowing how to, knowing what and the ability of the reader to use experience.

Effective Reading:

Good reading and caring for materials.

Languages:

A systematic means of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meaning.

Chapter Five

Summary, Findings, Conclusion And Recommendation

5.1 Summary And Findings

This study attempted to find out the statistical analysis of reading habit and academic performance of students.
The findings of the study reveal the following

1. It was found that the students encountered certain problems in reading which leads for their inability to comprehend easily.
2. Using chi-square test, I discovered that the performances of the students are being affected by their reading habits for the school chosen for the study.
3. With the use of chi-square test of independence I discovered that students are independent of their sex.

5.2 Conclusions

The following conclusions are drawn based on the analysis of data and findings:
That the performances of students are not influenced by their reading habit for the school chosen for the study.
Also as revealed by the chi-square test of independence between the sex of students and their performance. I conclude that the reading habits do not depend on the sex of the students.

Furthermore, to have a good comprehension skills student must develop right attitude towards reading with appropriate varying rate of speed depending on the purpose and the difficulty of the passage given.

A good reader uses different pattern of reading and studying. Each pattern involves the use of varying skill and attitudes the pattern used depend on the type of complexity of written material the purpose of reading and the readers own language development and familiarity with kinds of ideas expressed if the students are able to acquire all the aforementioned skills and improve their reading habits. it is believed that there will be a greater improvement in their academic performances.

5.3 Recommendation

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations aimed at improving the reading comprehension ability of the students are made.

The reading environment is not conducive for effective reading. The over-congestion of students in the lecture rooms and library is a matter that requires urgent attention by those in authority. An insufficient seat in the library is a matter that requires urgent attention by those in authority. An insufficient seat in the lecture rooms is another pressing problem that needs to be addressed. For reading to be effective there should be the provision of conducive environment and adequate facilities to foster improvement. The present condition where students are cayed into small lecture rooms and which encourages noise making instead of reading their books is not encouraging.
Modern and current books should be equipped in the libraries and necessary facilities should be provided for students to use.

This would help to widen the knowledge of the student.

5.4 Suggestion For The Further Study

Further research should focus in ways and means to improve the poor reading culture of Nigeria students.

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