Statistical Analysis On Prices And Quantity Of Staple Foods For Past Ten Years (2000 – 2011) In Owerri Municipal

Project and Seminar Material for Mathematics and Statistics
Abstract
In a city state or country prices and quantities of staple foods are never the same from one period to another. The prices and quantities of these staple foods either inflate or deflate depending on the period of its purchase. This study is aimed to determine the variation or the instabilities in the prices and quantities or staple foods for the past ten years (2000 – 2011) in Owerri Municipal Council.
Also prices of this staple foods were collected both primary and secondary source, and the analysis was done based on the years. Leas square, methods and involve average method as a statistical tool which could be applied in any economy was applied to measure the variation in the prices of staple foods.
Table Of Contents
Preliminary Page(s)
- Title page
- Approval page
- Dedication
- Acknowledgment
- Abstract
- Table of Contents
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Statement of the Problem
- 1.2 Purpose of the Study
- 1.3 Research Question
- 1.4 Significance of the Study
- 1.5 Scope of the Study
- 1.6 Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Application of Index Number
- 2.3 Types of Index Number
- 2.4 The functions of staple foods
- 2.5 The Brief history of Index number
Chapter Three
3.0 Research Methodology/Data Collection
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Sources of Data Collection
- 3.3 Sampling Procedure
- 3.4 Method of data analysis
- 3.5 Method of Moving Average (MA)
- 3.6 Trend Equation by the Method of lest square
Chapter Four
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Presentation of Data
- 4.3 The calculated ∑V/Λ and ∑Vt/t2
Chapter Five
5.0 Findings, Summary Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Findings
- 5.2 Summary
- 5.3 Conclusions
- 5.4 Recommendations
- References
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
The scope of this research is restricted to statistical analysis on price and quantities of staple foods for past ten years (2001 – (20011) in Owerri Municipal Council. Staple food as the only major food item needed in the home which nourishes the body as well creates health problem when in short supply has to be technically looked and measured.
This project work is aimed at using least square method and moving average to measure the relative changes in prices of staple goods in Owerri Municipal Council as the case study of this project, for the period of ten years (2001 – 2011) which has not been stable, hence it has been increasing geometrically in Nigeria.
It is against this background of these instabilities in the prices of staple foods that there is need for a scientific study in measuring. This project work is made up of five chapters which include the following: Chapter one, which contains statement of problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope of the study and definition of terms.
Chapter two deals with the review of related literatures by various writers and researchers and their various contributions. Chapter three contains the method used in collecting the data which is research design methodology, which included sources of data sampling procedure, method of analysis. Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis such as the overview of data collected.
Finally, chapter five contains the discussion of the findings from chapter four, summary, the conclusion and necessary recommendation, then the references.
1.1 Statement Of The Problem
In Nigeria, the environment of the market will never be stable, and the ability to adapt to this environmental change is crucially important to most customers. One way of doing this is to study the variation in prices of staple foods. Moreover, to have a better economy there is need to study the instabilities of staple foods which determines the consumptions pattern of any customer in any country including Nigeria.
Therefore, the government will not restrict to promulgate laws or even enforces laws on the high prices of staple foods without first studying its instabilities.
Furthermore, this is not only a problem to the government, the consumer themselves always like to have an elaborate ideas about the price of staple foods, it is as a result of this that the prices of staple foods are now a cause of worry to all consumer that both the government and consumer has tried to study and ameliorate this menace in the prices of staple foods.
It is as a result of these problems that the need to study this yearly increase in the prices of staple foods are based, so as to help in the formulating of policies and to enable consumers adjust and forecast future.
1.2 Purpose Of The Study
This study aimed at the following objectives:
- To determine the variation in the prices of staple foods in Owerri Municipal Council.
- To determine the yearly increase in the prices of staple foods so as to forecast future increase in the prices of staple foods.
- Making recommendation based on the finding of this research.
1.3 Research Question
A research question serve as a guide to the research in his quest for answers to the problems being investigated, therefore, some of this research question is as follows:
- Is there any change in the process of staple foods?
- Is there any effect in the yearly increase in the prices of staple foods?
1.4 Significance Of The Study
The project finding is hoped to be very useful to the Nigeria economy. Therefore, the significance of this project work is as follows:
- It serves as a guide to the government in making certain policies on the prices of staple foods in Owerri in particulars and Imo State in general.
- It will also serve as a market picture to the marketers on their daily business.
- It will help the government and some private agencies to know the needs of keeping day to day on the prices and quantities of staple foods in every particular place.
- It will help procedures in Owerri and other states on their future production and in projection for the future.
1.5 Scope Of The Study
Since the study is aimed at improving the instabilities of the prices and quantities of staple foods, which Owerri Municipal Council has been used as a case study, therefore, in this project, there is a human need, which the research can not cover.
Hence, the researcher only used the sample of eight staple food items, which covers a period of ten years (2001 – 2011).
More so, since the study is limited to Owerri, Imo State, it will also be used to forecast for other cities and states respectively.
1.6 Definition Of Terms
Statistics:
Is a science, a branch of mathematics that deals with collection, classification, compilation, tabulation, presentation, representation, analysis and interpretation of numeric data for the purpose of effective decision making.
Staple Foods:
These are the major food items needed in the home that are produced by the farmer.
Time series:
This is statistical techniques for analysis of the past data and projecting them to obtain estimate of future value.
Inflation:
It is the continuous or persistence rise in the prices and quantities of goods, opposite of deflation.
Forecast:
To give complete account of the future.
Variation:
Degree of changes
Consumer:
A person who buys or uses goods or services
Market:
A medium where buyers and sellers who want to transact business are sufficiently in close contact with one another with the result that goods of some qualities and quantities tend to sell at the same price.
Population of Interest:
Is the population one wants to make use of in order to get the target population.
Target Population:
Is the population one wants to measure by means of sampling survey.
Price:
This is the sum of money by which a commodity is sold or bought.
Index Number:
This is statistical technique used to measure changes in prices, quantity or value from a time period called the based year to another time period.
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Findings
It is quite obvious from the findings of the study carried out in the last that there was slow down in the process of staple food in 000 that is to say that there was a deflation in the prices of staple food in 2000. From this research conducted, there is an imperfect competition in the market.
Hence, there is also the existence of imperfect economic price of the staple foods determines the standard of the market and the conditions of the economy.
The quality of the market is an important measure of the efficiency of an economy, from the analysis of what is written in the literature review, the researcher is also very optimistic that monopolist and middlemen are the least square method and economy.
Least square method and moving average method is a very important tool in measurement of the annual price variation. The economy of the nation should be well managed for no amount of money would save badly managed economy.
5.2 Summary
In any city, state or country, prices of staple foods are never the same from one period to anther. The price of any staple food either inflates or deflates economy depending on the period of its purchased.
This study is aimed to determine the variation in the prices of staple increase in the prices of staple foods.
Therefore least square method and moving average method where applied to analyze the data collected.
5.2 Conclusion
The following conclusions were drawn based on the analysis of data and findings.
The researcher concluded that there is annual increase in the analysis of the data chapter four.
Finally, from the result of the least square method and moving average method, the researcher conducted that there is price instability in the country.
5.4 Recommendation
Acute inflation in the prices of some staple food is highly injurious to the economy of any city, state or country.
Therefore, effective way of controlling it is very necessary for the health growth of a nation’s economy mostly Owerri, Imo State (my case study) and Nigeria the population of interest.
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered:
- The researcher recommended that the government should control the prices of these staple foods and other essential goods. He also recommended that the government should in the work of “price controlling board” that is in charge with the function of controlling the prices of essential goods and their efficient distribution, so as to meet the demand for these goods.
- There should be increase in the production of essential goods and their efficient distribution so as to meet the demand for these goods.
- More so, the government should promote investments and development of agricultural production of some staple foods.
- The researcher recommends the government for the establishment of the national grains and roots development project, agriculture credit guarantee scheme and shagar grain revolution programme and Babangida’s operation food first (FOS).
- The researcher recommends the government to provide federal road to all producing area of the country.
- Lastly, the government should promulgate laws against these middlemen from air market so as to stop future increase in the prices of staple foods.


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