The Role of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) In Promotion Of Teaching And Learning Of Basic Science In Junior Secondary School

The Role of Parents Teachers Association (PTA) In Promotion Of Teaching And Learning Of Basic Science In Junior Secondary School

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school using Eleme Local Government, Rivers State as a case study. Specifically, the study was carried out to determine whether PTA play a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring adequate provision of school facilities for effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of modern teaching/learning aids for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, and determine the whether PTA help in upgrading teaching and learning qualities of basic science in junior secondary school. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of basic science teachers of some selected junior secondary school in Eleme Local Government, Rivers State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 41 respondents and 35 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that PTA plays a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school. The study also revealed that PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school. Therefore, it is recommended that principals and teachers should encourage good rapport between them and the PTA. They should make PTA meetings a good avenue through which issues and strategies for effective PTA involvement in secondary education management should be formulated and explored. To mention but a few.

Table of Content

• Title Page
• Certification
• Dedication
• Acknowledgement
• Table of Content
• List of Tables
• Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

• 1.1 Background of the Study
• 1.2 Statement of the Problem
• 1.3 Objective of the Study
• 1.4 Research Questions
• 1.5 Research Hypothesis
• 1.6 Significance of the Study
• 1.7 Scope of the Study
• 1.8 Limitation of the Study
• 1.9 Definition of Terms
• 1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

• 2.1 Conceptual Framework
• 2.2 Theoretical Framework
• 2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

• 3.1 Research Design
• 3.2 Population of the Study
• 3.3 Sample Size Determination
• 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
• 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
• 3.6 Method of Data Collection
• 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
• 3.8 Validity of the Study
• 3.9 Reliability of the Study
• 3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

• 4.1 Data Presentation
• 4.2 Analysis of Data
• 4.3 Answering Research Questions
• 4.4 Test of Hypotheses

Chapter Five:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

• 5.1 Summary
• 5.2 Conclusion
• 5.3 Recommendation
• References
• APPENDIX
• QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Education is the greatest legacy a nation can give to her citizens. There is no better investment a nation could make than in education, this is why one should not remain indifferent to the lapse on Nigeria educational system. Parent involvement is a salient predictor of students‟ success (Million, 2013). In fact, many studies such as Burke (2011) and Belenardo, (2012) has suggested that parent involvement in education has positively impacts on students‟ achievement, attendance, attitudes, behavior, graduation, and life goals.

The Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) has been rigorously advocated in Nigeria in recent years, which aims at the promotion of parent involvement to enhance the educational outcomes of students. The number of PTAs has been increasing drastically. Parents Teachers Association can be identified as very important variable that have potential for promoting directly or indirectly student academic achievements (Olatoye and Ogunkola, 2008). Parents Teachers Association (P.T.A.) is a familiar phrase in the present day secondary school educational system in Nigeria. The PTA is a formal establishment in the school system which is made up of parents whose children are currently registered as students in the school, together with teachers in the school. The aim of the PTA is to enhance the collective participation of parents and teachers in the education of children (Garry, 2007). According to Onderi and Makori (2013), PTAs provide a link through which parents and the rest of community assumes a partnership responsibility and in that way participate in the education of their children. The Federal Republic of Nigeria in its National Policy on Education (FRN, 2004) recognised the importance of parents in the school management when it stated that “the local people particularly parents will be encouraged to participate in school management”.

PTA plays several roles in the school. Onderi and Makori, (2013) reported that PTAs are involved in classroom decisions, promoting communication, social events, fund-raising, and lobbying the state and national legislation on behalf of the students. They are involved in monitoring implementation of school programmes, monitoring education services and mobilising additional resources. Also, they have been involved in providing personal hygiene facilities such as wash basins, stands and soap in classrooms and toilet rolls in latrines (UNICEF, 2009).

PTAs made an effort to contact parents whose children had missed school for a long time and encouraged them to send their children back to school. They provides a means for the parents and teachers to work together, a channel to articulate their needs, a forum for the exchange of educational views, an urge for the school to make a parent policy, an opportunity for them to participate in the educational process of their children, a means to pool the parents’ strength in supporting the school development, a network for the parents to meet and exchange their views on the education of their children and many other positive considerations. In general, PTA is recognized as an effective means for the enhancement of parental involvement in the educational process. Perhaps it is for these reasons that Okendo (2012) regards PTA as one of the community agency in the education system.

Looking at the quality of products that Nigeria‟s secondary schools turn out, it appears the quality of education received by the students is low in terms of cognitive, affective and psychomotor development there-by making the secondary school system ineffective. Omoregie (2006) lamented that the secondary education which is the pivot of the entire educational system in Nigeria is fast loosing relevance, as it is not fulfilling the national objectives as set down in the National policy of education. The academic performance of secondary school students could be attributed to several factors but this study is restricted to the role of parents teachers‟ association as a potential factor . It has been noticed in some areas, that school principals do not involve the parents in the administration of the schools for fear of being criticized. It appears in some cases, parents are no longer allowed to participate in school programmes and parents are no longer allowed to visit their children in school regularly to see how they fare. There are instances where some principals no longer make use of the Parents Teachers Association (PTA) in school administration. All these tend to make the parents handicapped in assisting the school in the provision of qualitative education to its students

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The problem is not so much of whether the PTA is ready to co-operate, because it is ever willing to do so, as the principal and staff are ready to be forthcoming, in giving all the necessary and relevant information that will elicit spontaneous co-operation from the parents. Another is whether the teachers are willing to see and treat parents as partners, equally concerned with the welfare of the child in school and finally is the PTA allowed to operate freely and independently, without undue interference and meddling with school authorities and officials of the state commission, as well as the Ministry of Education. Simply put, the issue is whether the authorities do give the Parent-Teacher Association the type of co-operation it requires to become a viable organ capable of effecting the type of changes or innovations in our schools, that would make teaching easier for the teacher, and learning more interesting and meaningful to the pupils as well as make education more responsive to the needs of the community in general. The purpose of this study was to know the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The primary objective of this study is to examine the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school. Other objectives of this study are:

1. Determine whether PTA play a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
2. Determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring adequate provision of school facilities for effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
3. Determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of modern teaching/learning aids for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
4. Determine whether PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
5. Determine the whether PTA help in upgrading teaching and learning qualities of basic science in junior secondary school.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions guide this study.

1. Does PTA play a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school?
2. Does PTA plays a significant role in ensuring adequate provision of school facilities for effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school?
3. Does PTA plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of modern teaching/learning aids for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school?
4. Does PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school?
5. Does PTA help in upgrading teaching and learning qualities of basic science in junior secondary school?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

• Ho: Parents teachers association (PTA) does not play any role in the promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school
• Ha: Parents teachers association (PTA) play a role in the promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The study will be beneficial to the school principals, administrators, teachers and parents. It will also enable the stakeholders in education to appreciate the roles of teachers,’ principals and the PTA, and how they will complement each other.

From the findings also, the importance of involving the PTA in the administration of secondary schools will be appreciated. The study might initiate more studies in different areas, on the role of the Parents Teachers Association in schools.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study boarders on the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school. However the study will be delimited to some selected junior secondary school in Eleme Local Government, Rivers State.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.

Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Parents Teachers Association (PTA):

This refers to a forum comprising of parents, guardians, teachers, administrators and proprietors of a primary or secondary school created for the purpose of cooperating and collaborating towards the attainment of the school’s objectives and the sustenance of its overall development.

1.10 Organizations of the Study

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the findings on the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school using Eleme Local Government, Rivers State as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.

5.2 Summary of the Study

In this study, our focus was to examine the role of parents teachers association (PTA) in promotion of teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school using Eleme Local Government, Rivers State as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to determine whether PTA play a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring adequate provision of school facilities for effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of modern teaching/learning aids for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, determine whether PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school, and determine the whether PTA help in upgrading teaching and learning qualities of basic science in junior secondary school.

The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 35 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were basic science teachers of some selected junior secondary school in Eleme Local Government, Rivers State.

5.3 Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;

1. PTA plays a significant role in formulating and implementing educational policies which promotes the teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
2. PTA plays a significant role in ensuring adequate provision of school facilities for effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
3. PTA plays a significant role in ensuring the availability of modern teaching/learning aids for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
4. PTA plays a significant role in curriculum planning for the effective teaching and learning of basic science in junior secondary school.
5. PTA help in upgrading teaching and learning qualities of basic science in junior secondary school.

5.4 Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations were made:

1. Principals and teachers should encourage good rapport between them and the PTA. They should make PTA meetings a good avenue through which issues and strategies for effective PTA involvement in secondary education management should be formulated and explored.
2. Government should implement some important incentives such as publication of names of school PTAs that demonstrate outstanding contributions to the administration of secondary education, in order to motivate other school PTAs.
3. PTA should appoint men of proven probity to handle the money contributed by the members of the association in order to avoid misappropriation of such funds.
4. Formal channel of communication can be opened between the school and parents so that whenever each party has a problem, it will be easy to tackle.
5. Parents cannot delegate their responsibility of guiding their children. Therefore, the PTA should refuse situations where house helps are sent to represent parents in school programmes. Simply, the school authority and officers of the PTA knowing individual homes and making personal contact with some of the parents would help this situation.

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