Relationship Between Physical Activity And Mental Health

Health Education Project Material

Relationship Between Physical Activity And Mental Health

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine the relationship between physical activity and mental health using Ikeja, Lagos state as a case study. The study was specifically set to find out the prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, find out the factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, find out whether participation in physical activity contributes to the management mental health issues among Adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, and determine the extent adults participate in physical activity in Ikeja, Lagos State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of health workers residents in Ikeja, Lagos state. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 160 respondents and 141 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Pearson Correlation statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that there is a high prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State. Furthermore the study also revealed that the factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State includes: stress, long-term physical health condition, genetics, and negative past life experiences. Therefore the study recommends that exercise and physical activities should be considered as effective interventions for mental health conditions in healthcare sector. To mention but a few.

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Physical activity has its origins in ancient history. The beneficial role of physical activity in healthy living and preventing and managing health disorders is well documented in the previous literature. Physical activity provides various significant health benefits. Mechanical stress and repeated exposure to gravitational forces created by frequent physical exercise increase a variety of characteristics, including physical strength, endurance, bone mineral density, and neuromusculoskeletal fitness, all of which contribute to a functional and independent existence. Exercise, defined as planned, systematic, and repetitive physical activity, enhances athletic performance by improving body composition, fitness, and motor abilities(Stojmenovic, 2017). The function of physical activity in preventing a wide range of chronic illnesses and premature mortality has been extensively examined and studied.
The number of people suffering from mental health issues like anxiety, depression, stress, and suicidal thoughts has increased considerably over the last few years. Reports from various health organizations such as the CDC (2020) have shown that more than 5% of adults suffer from a particular form of mental health condition every year. This indicates that over 43.8 million people experience a mental health disorder in a year globally. While some people suffer from only one condition, others suffer from a range of mental conditions that have detrimental implications on their health (Pascoe & Parker, 2019). The risk of mental health disorders is also rife in children. Statistics show that over 10% of children aged between 5 and 16 years are diagnosed with various forms of mental disorders annually (Harris, 2018).

Mental health conditions begin at an early age and may persist through adulthood. The National Alliance on Mental Health (2020) reported that more than half of all people with mental health conditions started experiencing these problems during their teenage. These people end up dropping out of school due to the overwhelming nature of the symptoms. Mental health disorders also contribute to the death of many people (Harris, 2018). These deaths are mostly associated with suicidal thoughts.

It is unfortunate that even though standard treatment interventions are effective for mental disorders, they do not produce the desired holistic results for all patients. Some people may develop complications when given medications that are not suitable for their age and health (Harris, 2018). Studies have shown that participation in physical exercise can potentially impact a person’s mental health (Jetzke & Mutz, 2019). Physical activities and sports can, thus, be integrated into the treatment plan for persons at risk of developing mental health disorders.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The increased prevalence of mental health disorders has necessitated the use of potentially effective solutions to address this growing problem. Young people, as well as adults, need to be provided with a treatment plan that holds the promise of improving their mental status. Unfortunately, some of the solutions are inconsistent and potentially risky, thus, making them unsuitable for younger people and adults. Mostly, persons with mental health conditions are given medications that may predispose them to adverse effects. Psychotherapy is also administered since it is a potentially effective treatment technique for mental health disorders. However, not all people have access to psychotherapists. Therefore, unavoidable circumstances force many people to live without treatment for these conditions. People are not aware that simple physical activities can improve their mental health. When individuals experience mental health challenges, they only seek costly treatments without considering the potential benefits of physical and sporting activities.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity and mental health.

Specifically the study intends to:

  1. Find out the prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State.
  2. Find out the factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State.
  3. Find out whether participation in physical activity contributes to the management mental health issues among Adults in Ikeja, Lagos State.
  4. Determine the extent adults participate in physical activity in Ikeja, Lagos State.

1.4 Research Questions

  1. Is there a high prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State?
  2. What are the factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State?
  3. Does participation in physical activity contribute to the management mental health issues among Adults in Ikeja, Lagos State?
  4. What is the extent adults participate in physical activity in Ikeja, Lagos State?

1.5 Research Hypothesis

  • Ho: There is no significant relationship between physical activity and mental health.
  • Ha: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and mental health.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study will be relevant to young people as well as adults, who are at risk of developing mental health problems. The result of the study will enable them to change their lifestyles, thereby setting their mental status on the path of recovery and improved health. Individuals, who have been diagnosed with mental health conditions, as well as those who suffer from mild forms of these disorders, can integrate physical and sporting activities into their daily lives to improvetheir mental health and prevent incidences of mental disorders. Mental health care practitioners can also use this information. These professionals can use this evidence to guide the integration of physical activities into the treatment plans for clients with mental health disorders.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study seek to specifically assess the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research work will be conducted in Lagos State. Health workers residents in Ikeja, Lagos state will be used for this research work.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Exercise Training:

Physical activity performed during leisure time with the primary purpose of improving or maintaining physical fitness, physical performance, or health.

Health-Enhancing Physical Activity:

An activity when added to baseline activity produces health benefits. Brisk walking, jumping rope, dancing, playing tennis or soccer, lifting weights, climbing on playground equipment at recess, and doing yoga are all examples of healthenhancing physical activity.

1.10 Organizations of the Study

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the findings of the relationship between physical activity and mental health using Ikeja, Lagos state as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.

5.2 Summary of the Study

In this study, our focus was to examine the relationship between physical activity and mental health using Ikeja, Lagos state as a case study. The study was specifically set to find out the prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, find out the factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, find out whether participation in physical activity contributes to the management mental health issues among Adults in Ikeja, Lagos State, and determine the extent adults participate in physical activity in Ikeja, Lagos State.

The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents are health workers residents in Ikeja, Lagos state .

5.3 Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion

  1. There is a high prevalence of mental health disorder among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State.
  2. The factors associated with mental health issue among adults in Ikeja, Lagos State includes: stress, long-term physical health condition, genetics, and negative past life experiences.
  3. Participation in physical activity contribute to the management mental health issues among Adults in Ikeja, Lagos State.
  4. The extent adults participate in physical activity in Ikeja, Lagos State is low.

5.4 Recommendation

Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:

Exercise and physical activities should be considered as effective interventions for mental health conditions in healthcare sector. The beneficial role of physical exercise has been confirmed from the results of different research studies. These benefits are evidenced by improvement in the quality of life, alleviation of mental symptoms, and decreased risk of relapse. Therefore, all people experiencing psychological health disorders such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, fatigue, and hopelessness should be enrolled in physical activity programs to resolve their problems.

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