Problems Militating Against The Effective Teaching And Learning Of Basic Technology In Junior Secondary Schools In Jos North Local Government Of Plateau State

Problems Militating Against The Effective Teaching And Learning Of Basic Technology In Junior Secondary Schools In Jos North Local Government Of Plateau State
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine on the problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. The study was specifically set to determine the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State, determine the teachers-oriented factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State, and find out the students-oriented factors militating against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of basic technology students of some selected junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 229 respondents and 210 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State includes: non-availability of suitable BT workshops, inadequate availability of teaching and learning facilities, epileptic power supply, recruitment of unqualified teachers and inadequate classroom space. Furthermore the result of the findings reveals that the teachers-oriented factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State includes: lack of proper teaching qualification, inadequate or no teaching experience, poor communication proficiency, lack of effective classroom management skills and lack of cordial relationship with students. Therefore, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Non-Governmental Organizations and International Agencies should cooperate in solving of the problems created by workshop-oriented factors. Attention should be focused on: improving the Vocational and Technical skill of staff, replacement of obsolete tools and equipment, improved funding for procurement of new equipment and consumables and maintenance of existing ones as well as provision of regular power supply. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Teaching can only be result-oriented when students are willing and the teachers are favorably disposed, using the appropriate methods and resources in teaching the students. With the current increase in technology, much demand is placed and emphasis is laid on the teachers, the learners, curriculum and the environment in the whole process of teaching and learning. The federal government has stated that the benefit of all citizens of the country’s educational goal shall be clearly set out in terms of their reliance to the society. This was stipulated in the National policy on Education (NPE, 2004). Basic technologyis an integrated subject which comprises of woodwork, metal work, building technology, auto mechanics, electrical electronics and technical drawing at their basic level.It is a subject that is offered at the junior secondary school level. The attainment of scientific and technological advancement would be facilitated if basic technology is effectively administered at the secondary school level.
Basic technology was introduced into the Nigeria education system 6-3-3-4 in 1982 as a result of the national policy on education that was made after the national curriculum conference of September, 1969. The conference was held in Lagos to review old and identify new national goals for Nigeria education at all levels with respect to the need of individual youth and adult in the task of nation building.
Basic technology enhances skill acquisition which makes the implementation of the 6-3-3-4 system of education successful. This can be possible if teachers are able to make students acquire the desired technological skills. Because technological knowledge is very important in secondary education, voluntary organizations and even parents contribute to the establishment and maintenance of schools. Within the context of technology education, basic technology has been identified as a very important school subject and its importance in scientific and technological development of any nation has been widely reported. It was as a result of the recognition given to basic technology in the development of the individual and the nation that made it one of the coresubjects among other science related subject in Nigeria education system. Its inclusion as a core subject in the junior secondary schools calls for the need to teach it effectively. This is because effective teaching of basic technology can lead to the attainment of technological greatness. Basic technology exposes students to their desired vocation as the goals of vocational education as stated in the National Policy on Education is to provide trained manpower in the applied science, technology and business particularly at craft, advanced craft and technical levels. If basic technology can achieve this, the nation will then be sure of bringing up youths of admirable behaviours who, rather than being liabilities to the government, will contribute positively to the social, economical and technological development of the nation.
This study of basic technology helps to reduce ignorance about technology. The subject has three main objectives as stated in the National Policy on Education 2004, which are;
- To provide vocational orientation for further training in technology.
- To provide basic technological literacy for everyday living.
- To stimulate creatively.
Towards the attainment of these objectives of basic technology, adequate teaching methods must be put in place for its teaching so that optimum achievement can be guaranteed.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The World Bank report (2004) reported that, African teachers recruited into teaching position in JSS do not meet the quality required for effective teaching as these problems among other are militating against effective teaching of basic technology in JSS. Some of these other perceived problems are inadequate of appropriate tools and equipments, non-availability of suitable BT workshops, lack of maintenance culture, lack of power supply or epileptic power supply, lack of consumable materials for practical lessons, corruption and vandalism, therefore these problems among others affect the effectiveness of basic technology teachers. The achievement of desired goals can be measured in teaching based on the input available, adequate, and suitable to teaching and learning before the effective teaching and learning can be ensured and meaningful to students as being emphasized by Yalams and Shehu (2006). This however calls for the investigation of the problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
Generally, the purpose of the study is to examinethe problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.Specifically it seeks to:
- Determine the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State
- Determine the teachers-oriented factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State
- Find out the students-oriented factors militating againsteffective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions will guide and help the researcher to achieve the specified objective of this study:
- What are the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State?
- What are the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State?
- What are the students-oriented factors militating againsteffective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: There are no significant factors militating against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools.
- Ha: There are significant factors militating against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The establishment of the factors influencing the teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools will be of immense importance to all contributors to the post education, teachers, students, and parents, it will give the federal ministry of education the precautionary measures to take to achieve its educational objectives, the findings of this study will also be beneficial to curriculum planners because they will make use of these findings during innovation and it will help them to know how far the set objectives have been achieved in basic technology for them to seek for improvement where they have failed. To the teachers, the study will serve as an information source to help them teach basic technology successfully. Student offering basic technology equally will benefit from the study because human and material resources may be adequately provided as suggested by the study. This will make them to have good education and also help them to learn a better skill in the subject. Similarly, this study will be beneficial to parents as they will nowbe sure that money they are spending on their children’s learning will yield positive results.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study generally focus on assessing the problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
Geographically, the study will be delimited to some selected junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. The respondents for this study will be obtained from basic technology students of the some selected junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. The significant constraint was the scanty literature on the subject owing to the nature of the discourse thus the researcher incurred more financial expenses and much time was required in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. Additionally, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. More so, the choice of the sample size was limited as few respondent were selected to answer the research instrument hence cannot be generalize to other secondary schools. However, despite the constraint encountered during the research, all factors were downplayed in other to give the best and make the research successful.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Basic Technology:
It is an integrated subject which comprises of woodwork, metal work, building technology, auto mechanics, electrical electronics and technical drawing at their basic level.
Teaching Effectiveness:
According to Weimer (2013:4) teaching effectiveness refers to the process of cultivating skills, stimulate interest in the subject, motivate student to learn, present material well, make subject interesting, helpful and knowledgeable, intellectual challenging, setting high standard and encourage self-initiated learning.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings the problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the problems militating against the effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State. The study is was specifically carried out to determine the school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State, determine the teachers-oriented factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State, and find out the students-oriented factors militating againsteffective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 210 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent arebasic technology students of some selected junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- The school based factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State includes: non-availability of suitable BT workshops, inadequate availability of teaching and learning facilities, epileptic power supply, recruitment of unqualified teachers and inadequate classroom space.
- The teachers-oriented factors that militate against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State includes: lack of proper teaching qualification, inadequate or no teaching experience, poor communication proficiency, lack of effective classroom management skills and lack of cordial relationship with students.
- The students-oriented factors militating against effective teaching and learning of basic technology in junior secondary schools in Jos North Local Government of Plateau State includes: student absenteeism, congestion of classrooms/workshops, inability to purchase text books, lack of manual for the practicals and poor workshop safety measures.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- The Ministry of Education, Non-Governmental Organizations and International Agencies should cooperate in solving of the problems created by workshop-oriented factors. Attention should be focused on: improving the Vocational and Technical skill of staff, replacement of obsolete tools and equipment, improved funding for procurement of new equipment and consumables and maintenance of existing ones as well as provision of regular power supply .
- Elimination of congestion of classroom and workshops due to adequate workshop spacing as well as establishing an effective technical counseling service should be encourage.
- Basic Science and Technology teachers should endeavor to employ appropriate teaching methods, utilize available teaching materials and avoid the rush to cover the syllabus for the purpose of examination only.
- The teacher/student ratio of 1:40 as recommended for secondary schools which is contained in the National Policy on Education of Nigeria should be maintained.

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