Problem Associated With Rural Housing In Nigeria (A Case Study Of Igbo-Owu In Ifelodun Local Government Area In Ilorin)

Problem Associated With Rural Housing In Nigeria (A Case Study Of Igbo-Owu In Ifelodun Local Government Area In Ilorin)
Synopsis
The importance of housing to man cannot be over emphasized, because housing is one of the three basic needs of mankind right from the time of early man.
This point can be generalized till date virtually all federal government initiatives targeted at improving the lives or rural dwellers have failed due to poor planning, corruption and avarice by government officials and their collaboration.
Therefore, it is not surprising that the country side national wide has remained rustic and undeveloped all those years.
For example, epileptic electricity supply which is a general; problem in Nigeria is worse in Gbo-Owo area and other villages around, and also lack of motor able roads and portable water supply is a serious problem in rural areas in Nigeria.
Because of inadequate road network, many farmers go through hell to evacuate their farm produce from the farms.
Most these problems mention above are major problems facing people in Igbo-Owu, Ifelodun Local Government Area.
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Housing is a physical structure used for shelter; it includes all equipment, facilities and amenities needed for healthy living of the occupants. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory propounded in (1976).
Decent housing is one of the basic needs for every individual in the family and community in general.
As a pre-requisite to the structure which may be refers to security or safety and rank second in the physiological needs, otherwise called clothing and food in (Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory 1976).
To a great extent, the difficulties examine by housing problem becomes over whelming in recent years. Housing is one of the paramount necessities of humanity. University it reflects the culture, and life style of the society. In addition, housing either in unit or multiple forms is an important component of the physical form and structure of a community, while the human and family occupants of the house are part of the living souls and prosperity of the society, (Wahab 1983).
Agboola (1998) described housing as a unit of the environment having pronounced influence on the health, social behavior, satisfaction and general welfare of he community. If reflects the cultural, social land economics value of a society as it is the best physical and historical evidence of civilization in a country (Agboola 1998).
The importance of providing adequate housing in any country cannot be over emphasized. It is a stimulant of national economy. Housing is more distinct form just shelter or rood over one’s head.
It is for protection form climate element like rain, sun ideal disposal of household and human waste. There should be sufficient space for wealthy living and privacy security of tenure of occupancy, provision and availability of space and clean drinking water should be provided, affordability and access to place of employment, healthcare, recreation and educational services. A housing frame work will the above mention characteristics is regarded as an adequate housing. In addition, a decent house can be regarded as the right of every individual. A great proportion of the populations of the Nigeria live in sub-standard and poor housing and in deplorable unsanitary residential environment (Aubvivis 1975).
In Nigeria, the housing difficult particularly of low income earner have been complicated by condition peculiar to developing countries with rapid growth, inflate real estate values, speculative activity, influx of poor immigrants and clack of planning (Wahab 1983).
Furthermore, housing is one of the bases of human needs; provision of houses through the creation of mortgage is taken for granted in developing countries, especially in sub-Salinayor Africa (Ovuwone 1992).
All government in Nigeria since independence high lighted housing as a major priority. Unfortunately for over 50 years of its independence Nigeria is yet to develop a vibrant mortgage market and houses continue to be provided through the tortuous traditional method of buying land and building over since years, which could be an individual entire lifetime. In many cases, such are left uncompleted or individual have to deplete their entire life saving in order to build a home.
Looking at the statistics, we see that there are tremendous opportunities in the Nigeria Looking at the statistic; we see that there are tremendous opportunities in the Nigeria housing sector waiting to be tapped. We should note that the government alone can not fill the gap, we should have to leverage on the resources available in the private sector while also encouraging foreign investment. Government (federal and the sub-natural government) should focus on providing a favourable investment climate, infrastructure and mortgage insurance to first time home buyers and how to middle income families. We must however note that there are challenges to harnessing the huge potentials inherent. In Nigeria housing sector and invariably providing affordable housing in Nigeria.
It is necessary to study the problems associated with rural housing in Nigeria because housing is of great importance to man. Thus the study will enable us to examine more problems associated with rural housing in Nigeria, and rural areas.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The problem of rural housing has become an everyday discussion in all quarters of the public and private services of the developing countries.
This is emphasis by Onibokun (1996 and Nubi 1991) that the shortcoming are inadequate housing provided for people which indicate that the number of housing provision is very low to that number of the inhabitants available in the area.
In Igboowu services and facilities such as electricity which is generally a problem in Nigeria has become worse in rural areas, also absence of portable water supply and motor able roads absence of decent building and generally in adequacy of facilities.
Likewise, in Igboowu inadequate electricity, lack of good roads
Some question must be raised in order to provide the answer to the problem.
- Why has rural housing system remained passive?
- Why is the socio-economic development having impact of the rural housing?
- Is there any existing structure of housing that caters for rural housing in Nigeria?
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to examine the problem of rural housing in Nigeria. To achieve this aim the under listed objectives are set to be pursued.
- To identify the types of houses within the study area
- To know rural housing condition.
- To examine the types of infrastructural facilities within the study area.
- To examine the problem associated with rural housing and provide and appropriate recommendation to the problem.
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study
The disciplinary scope of this study is to examine the magnitude of rural housing problem in Nigeria.
While the spatial scope is to cover the Igboowu area of Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.
There are many constraints, which limit the extent to which the research for this project ought to have been carried out.
- Inadequate information: The information collected was not enough during the research because some of the people in the study area due to non-educated they refuse to disclose certain information for the project work. However, we have to enlighten and persuade them to disclose certain information which is necessary for the success of the dissertation.
- Some of the respondents felt reluctant to give answers to some of the question thrown to them while some were against the inspection of their compounds.
- Inadequate facilities: Because Igboowu is located with low income earner there are inadequate infrastructural facilities and amenities.
1.5 Significant of the Study
Housing being universally accepted as one of the basic needs of individuals as the second after food that is most important and essential in human life.
The problem of rural housing in the study area is based on the various factors that serve as impediments to the successful implementation of housing policies and programmes in rural area.
Housing is considered the most important factor of rural area problem in Nigeria. Adequate housing therefore the first requirement for a new develop area in any nation.
This is because, there are so many problems associated with rural housing development, such as water supply, adequate and effective buildings, in the study area, there are some mud structure of building presently which suppose not to be so.
The importance housing delivery is stressed by Agboola (1998), who asserted tat, without a well organized and efficient housing mechanism, the goals of rural housing development policy will be largely in attainable.
1.6 Definition of Terms
Housing:
According to Fenice (1986) he believed that housing is a wide subject which is difficult to define all embracing terms, he defined housing as a major human need which traditionally is the collective responsibility of the society, thus reflects the culture and standard of living of people and a national and constitutes historical evidence of civilization.
Housing Market:
According to Olufemi (1993) he said housing market is a mechanism for supply houses once Hartson (1986) also defined housing market as a physical area within a local housing units are linked up in a chain of substitution where every dwelling unit within a local housing market can be considered as a substitute to every other unit in term of the shape and the size.
Housing Maintenance:
This refers to a calculated attempt to support, sustain or uphold a given property, it helps to ensure that the house and the high standard facilities provided for the housing layouy during the design do not deteriorate so as to maintain it’s aesthetic. In order too ensure workability of housing and its facilities there is need for maintenance.
Housing Unit:
A housing unit which is also known as a dwelling unit, is a living space occupied by a household while a household simplify means a person or group of person living together under the same roof or in the same building or compound (Fenice, 1986).
Housing Density:
This refers to the number of houses per unit space, it can also be refers to as the population of people per unit area in the housing area. Housing density provides the framework for monitoring the intensity of land and under utilization of space (Olatunbosun, 1975).
Housing Stock:
This is number of existing housing units within a geographical area at a particular period of time. It is determined largely by the addition of new housing units as well as the maintenance f the existing ones (Agboola, 1998).
Chapter Five
5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary of Findings
This study is based on the problems of rural housing area in Nigeria, a case study of Igboowu in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State Ilorin. The study highlights how the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved in the study area. One hundred (100) questionnaires were distributed, but only seventy eight (78) were retrieved that is 78%.
Due to the fact that all questionnaires were directed to the dwellers of the study area (Igboowu) an interview was carried out to known the problem facing rural housing. The study found out that rural housing were facing a lot of problem. The short coming are inadequately housing units provided for the people of Igboowu, which indicate that the number of housing provision is very low to that of number of the inhabitants available into area. Some other problems include.
1. Insufficient Water Supply:
The water supplies in Igboowu are not sufficient for the inhabitants and so create a problem of going to other area to get water for their daily use.
2. Poor Maintenance of Building:
Maintenance is the only channel through which property of maintenance its life cycle of long period. But the types of maintenance adopted in Igboowu are grossly inadequate because little or no attention is paid to the repairs o common part of he building. In this regards wall cracks and surface appear in some of the building a lot of damaged and doors.
3. Lack of Good Roads:
Transportation which is one of the important amenities in the life of human being is not available in some area in Igboowu. The major roads that a lead to he community is very bad not tiered and also full of pot holes. This makes to be o difficult for the people in Igboowu especially those that have no vehicles.
5.2 Conclusion
It is difficult to discuss rural housing problems without referring to under economic and social organization of the society as a whole. Housing after all is only part of these and it can only be seen in its proper perspective which it is viewed against the background of the material of government to establish a close relationship between housing goals and general social and economic development. The main social goal is the equitable distribution of resources among the population with housing being one of the primary components of the equalizing process. Infact, it may be argued that the total private and public resources at present expenditure on housing are sufficient to provide the urban population with a relatively high standard housing when seen in the light, the question of mobilization and distribution of the resources for housing is certainly bond to have an ideological overtone.
The inadequately of the supply of land for low income earners for instance is bringing settlement under increasing pressure channels of access to land becomes constrained as population pressure continues and amount of house rent continues to rise. Households, particularly the low income earners found it difficult to meet their basic shelters needs. This pressure reflect in the ability of settlement to share wealth created in item for he settlement process itself created wealth and value.
Land values are thus created through the participation of the community at large and are important form of wealth in the cities. The provision of housing in Igboowu can therefore, no longer be viewed in isolation. It is part of a rational process economic and physical planning in such a way that the physical impact if development programs such as industrialization, commercial activities and he provision of social facilities and infrastructure are taken into consideration during the planning and implementation stages.
5.3 Recommendation
With references to the study carried out in the study area, it was revealed generally that in the rural area, the presence of the government is not felt, which lead to the problem of rural housing.
As a result of this, the following recommendation should be adhere in order to ensure that housing problems in Igboowu economies things of the past.
1. Provision of houses by the government:
In Igboowu they have very low population in the case study areas which leads to problems of shortage in accommodation to the rural areas by giving priority attention to the provision of housing infrastructure to the people in the area. The government could also build low cost housing estate for the low income earners who cannot afford to pay high rents in self contained flats rather in tenement houses, so that they will have enough population in the area.
2. Provision of water supply:
In the case study area, the water facilities is not well acceptance, they have one general borne hole but it cannot perform the function, so majority are suing the well water and stream water, so minor people used it for just self used only and this people are in upper class in the area. During the dry season the majority move from one place to another to search for water. The main point is that they lack maintenance; the government should consider these areas for improvement in their facilities.
3. Provision of public toilet:
The government should provide public toilets to the people living in Igboowu because they need standard toilets so that the environmental population will be eradicate in the area and it will enable them to have good health, free from any toilet disease within the vicinity and also improve their style o f living in the area.
4. Provision of good road:
The government should provides adequate road network for the area, because all the roads are not tarred sand even the major road that lead to the town is full of pot holes and it make transportation to be more difficult for them and majority of them works in centre area in Ilorin. And if government intervene by providing adequate road networks it will be easier for the commercial buses to run the area for commercial purpose. And it will make the transportation to be easier for an individuals and it will enable the housing facilities to be more improved and serve as a source of income to the owner.
5. The use of government to acquire land:
This solution is based on the plots of land provided the necessary infrastructure and they settle compensation claims. The government will also use their power of eminent domain under the land use decree that all lands belongs to the government to allocate land to willing developers and to encourage them in developing residential dwelling so as to alleviate the problems of the masses in Igboowu.
6. Provision of adequate drainage system in the areas:
If there is adequate drainage system in the area, there will not be over flowing of water on the vicinity and the damage of roads will be eradicated because if there is no drainage the water will pass through the roads and it will not bring to holes to the area. The government should get good planning structures to the area and give them enough drainage system so that there will be no means for stagnant water in the area.


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