Predisposing Factors To Spouse Abuse Among Couples

Project and Seminar Material for Guidance and Counselling

Abstract

This study was carried out on the predisposing factors to spouse abuse among couples in four selected Local Government in Taraba State, Nigeria. To achieve this 4 research questions were formulated. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of the entire married men and women in the study area. In determining the sample size, the researcher purposively selected 240 respondents while 200 respondents were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and percentage. While the hypothesis were tested using Pearson Correlation statistical too. SPSS v23.

The result of the findings reveals that; Sexual abuse against women has a negative effect on family relationship in Taraba State; Early marriage of young girls has a very high unpalatable effect on women and family relationship in Taraba State; Women deprivation of rights in decision making has a high effect on family relationship; There is a significant relationship between the effects of spousal abuse against women and family relationship in Taraba State; Thee effects of sexual abuse against women has a significant correlationn with family relationship in Taraba State ad so many more.

Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that efforts to domesticate CEDAW and pass the Abolition of all forms of Discrimination Law and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law should be renewed. Hence, effective domestication of these laws should be decentralized and implemented at all levels of government; There is need for educating people about family responsibility, as way of eradicating domestic violence among families and to mention but a few.

Key Word: Violence, Domestic Violence, Abuse & Conflict.

List of Tables

Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
List of Tables
Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Hypothesis of the Study
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9 Definition of Terms
1.10 Organization the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Empirical Review
2.4 Chapter Summary

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample Size Determination
3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
3.8 Validity of the Study
3.9 Reliability of the Study
3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Answering Research Questions
4.3 Test of Hypothesis

Chapter Five:

Summary Conclusion and Recommendation

5.0 Summary
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Recommendation
References
Appendix

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Spouse abuse against women has been a norm in the society today and we have lived with it not having the feeling that it is wrong anymore (Godwin 2005). Domestic violence is a product of long lasting unequal power relationship between a man and a woman that have resulted to the control over and discrimination against the women by the men and to the hindrance of the complete advancement by women.

Violence against women continues to be global epidemic that kills, tortures and maims physically, psychological, sexually and emotionally. It is among the increasing and fierce violation of human rights that hinders women of security, equality, personal dignity, self-worth and right to enjoy fundamental freedom. Domestic violence against women exists in many countries in the world, throughout the boundaries of culture, class, education, income, ethnicity and age (Un Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women and General Assembly Resolution 1993).

Women Aid Collective (WACOL 2004) pointed that domestic violence can be likened to anything that provokes an action taken against someone, which is capable of robbing the individual his or her fundamental human rights. (Women Aid Collective 2004) also pointed that domestic violence is a kind bullying whereby an individual is dealt with physical or mal handled, hence resulting to injury on the individual just because the attacker cannot control the situation when it goes wild.

Kantor in Yogo (2008), pointed out that domestic violence is a serious global topic that is always associated with women’s segregation from supportive ties to kin. It is a very vital component of gender-based violence that has been defined as those actions and activities that can result to emotional, physical and psychological damage to a person as a result of a mere misunderstanding (Ityavyar in Okeph, 2005). As an existing issue, violence against women however, relates to a large spectrum of issues bothering the existence of the female gender in relation to the family.

The female counterparts suffer in there marital homes because God himself constituted marriage in the Garden of Eden and further subjected women to be a help mate. So consequently, our social system places women in an unfortunate position (Okpeh, 1999).

The Study of Secretary General of United Nation (2004) further explained that early marriage has to do with marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young

The study of Secretary General of United Nation (2004) explained that early marriage involves the marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young girls have not achieved full maturity and capacity to act, and lack ability to control their sexuality. When they marry and have children, their health can be adversely affected. Early marriage has inflicted dangerous and devastating effects on young girls who are compelled to tie the knot in most cases.
The convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) adopt in (1979) affirmed that the principle of fundamental rights and freedom of every human being are guided by a broad concept of human right that stretches beyond civil and political rights to the core issues of economic survival, health and education that affect the quality of daily life for most women and children. United Nation General Assembly (1993) postulated that violence and abusive behaviour continue to be a major cause of death, injury, stress and fear in various families. Domestic violence and abusive behaviour are responsible for poor family relationship, although personality conflicts and troubles within a marriage affect intimate behaviour, (Olson and Defrain 2006).

Htt://bahai-library.com.(2000) stated that, family relationship refers to unity which is strengthened by love. The members of the family all have duties and responsibilities toward one another and to the family as a whole. These duties and responsibilities vary from member to member because of their natural relationships. Such behavior can be seen in a man that stopped the wife from government employment and made her to engage in preparation and sales of local wine (burukutu) for many years. The woman could not further her education after primary school certificate.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study’s problem was based on, the researcher’s experiences, conversations and observations on the happenings in families. Husbands and wives do not discuss family issues but husbands take sole decisions. Through interactions with friends and colleagues, women talk about their situations at home, there they are commonly abused by their spouses through battering, sexual abuse, giving out female children in marriage at the early years and depriving them neither to participate in the decision of child marriage nor to take part in family affairs. Such early marriages limit education, affects young girls’ academic pursuits, the future compromised and other opportunities often leading to early child bearing and increased health risks. Early child bearing affects female reproductive organs and health problems such as unsafe abortion, and obstetric fistula. Husbands take decision whether it suits the family or not. Though most wives and children suffer the consequences of the heads of the families decisions.

It is also observed that violation of women at home has made women situation difficult to participate fully in issues concerning them in the home and in the society. As such, women have no freedom to speak for themselves because of fear of punishment from their husbands. Men think women are meant for giving birth, taking care of the children and doing only domestic works. The problem statement pf the study therefore was whether domestic violence against women had effects on family relations.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study was to assess the predisposing factors to spouse abuse among couples.

The specific objectives were to:

Assess the effects of spousal abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State
Examine the effects of sexual abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State; identify the effects of early marriage of young girls on family relationship in Taraba State
Examine the effects of deprivation of women rights in decision making on family relationship in Taraba State.

1.4 Research Questions

This study provided answers to the following research questions

To what extent has spousal abuse against women affected women and family relationship in Taraba State?
What is the effects of sexual abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State?
To what extent has early marriage of young girls affected women on family relationship in Taraba State?
To what extent has deprivation of women’s rights in decision making affected family relationship in Taraba State?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses were postulated:

H01: There is no significant relationship between the effects of spousal abuse against women and family relationship in Taraba State.
H02: There is no significant relationship between the effects of sexual abuse against women and family relationship in Taraba State.
H03: There is no significant relationship between the effects of early marriage of young women and family relationship in Taraba State.
H04: There is no significant relationship between the effects of deprivation of women’s right in decision making and family relationship in Taraba State.

1.6 Basic Assumption

This study assumed that domestic violence against women affects women physically, morally, emotionally and psychologically. This retards the progress of families, the state and the nation at large.

It is assumed that when domestic violence against women is controlled, it will reduce the rate of sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS) and there will be fewer rates of deaths in the families and state.
It is assumed that talks on domestic violence against women will create awareness, thereby allowing women to participate in decision making in the family which will contribute to the development of the families, state and Nigeria as a nation.

1.7 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will help women in Taraba State to identify domestic violence. Through enlightenment they will learn to cope with such situations and be able to enjoy their relationship in the family.

The findings of this study will enable home economists to improve the content in family life relationship through teaching of students. It will help husband and wife to sit together to discuss family issues and take decision.

The findings will educate individuals and families through teachings in the classrooms in Home Economics subjects and courses, through seminars, conferences, giving talks to religious organizations in the church and mosques, in public religion gatherings. The knowledge gained from such teaching will broaden the knowledge of men to consider women as instrument for change because when women are educated, the whole family will be educated either directly or indirectly.

The findings will make husbands to involve their wives in decision making for the progress of their families and to give women rights and privileges for a harmonious relationship since the genesis of human behaviour starts in the home.

1.8 Delimitation of the Study

The study covered different kinds of domestic violence such as spousal abuse, sexual abuse, and early marriage of young girls and deprivation of women’s rights in decision-making on family relationship.

The reason for choosing married men and women is that, they are people that have gone through violent behaviour in the home. As such they are in a better position to say much about domestic violence. It was delimited to married men and women in four Local Government Areas in Taraba State.

1.9 Limitation of the Study

It was also difficult to gather materials especially relevant and current information related to the study variables, since the study is not common. This caused scarcity of relevant research materials from local journals, the researcher had to rely greatly on the foreign materials in order to put up this work.

Another difficulty faced was limited time given to researcher to complete the study. Limited fund was also a constraint to this work.

1.10 Organization of the Study

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the findings into the predisposing factors to spouse abuse among couples in four selected Local Government in Taraba State, Nigeria. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.

5.2 Summary of the Study

In this study, our focus was to investigate the predisposing factors to spouse abuse among couples in four selected Local Government in Taraba State, Nigeria. The study specifically was aimed at assessing the effects of spousal abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State; examine the effects of sexual abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State; identify the effects of early marriage of young girls on family relationship in Taraba State; and examine the effects of deprivation of women rights in decision making on family relationship in Taraba State.

The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 200 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are family men and women.

5.3 Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion.

Spousal abuse against women has a high negative effect on women and family relationship in Taraba State.
Sexual abuse against women has a negative effect on family relationship in Taraba State.
Early marriage of young girls has a very high unpalatable effect on women and family relationship in Taraba State.
Women deprivation of rights in decision making has a high effect on family relationship.
There is a significant relationship between the effects of spousal abuse against women and family relationship in Taraba State.
Thee effects of sexual abuse against women has a significant correlationn with family relationship in Taraba State.
There is a significant correlation between the effects of early marriage of young women and family relationship in Taraba State.
There is a significant relationship between the effects of deprivation of women’s right in decision making and family relationship in Taraba State.

5.4 Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following recommendation;

There is need for educating people about family responsibility, as way of eradicating domestic violence among families.
There should be advocacy and legislation on the abolition of all traditional practices that limit women’s access to credit, economic resources, property rights and right to inheritance.
Gender Policies that state the strategies to improve women’s economic rights, should be made effective.
Efforts to domesticate CEDAW and pass the Abolition of all forms of Discrimination Law and the Administration of Criminal Justice Law should be renewed. Hence, effective domestication of these laws should be decentralized and implemented at all levels of government.