Plankton Assemblage And Water Quality Of Anwai River, Delta State

Plankton Assemblage And Water Quality Of Anwai River, Delta State

Abstract

This project work was carried out to know how the assemblage affected by the water quality to identify the plankton assemblage in Anwai River, where this study was carried out. It is a flowing stream having it’s source from a spring in Otulu covering, a land mass of 1121m, lying between latitude 6014 NW – and longitude 604EW – of the equator. The duration of the study was four weeks and samples were collected twice in a week. Three stations along Anwai River were choosen. Plankton was collected using plankton net. The experiment was carried out to identify type of phytoplankton, zooplankton found in different stations in Anwai River.

Chapter One

1.1 Introduction

Plankton is the foundation of the oceans food wed the word plankton comes from a Greek word plankton which means drifting plankton are organism drifting in column of the oceans seas and bodies of fresh water.
Plankton are made of both plant origin (phytoplankton) and animal origin (zooplankton) however they form the early foods for fish. The productivity of any water body is determine by the amount of plankton it contain as they are the major primary and secondary producer (pavis et al 2009)

In the last three decades several studies on the phytoplankton and zoo plankton of Nigeria freshwater and brakish water bodies have been carried out but few studies on the marine environment have been reported (Opute 1985).
Large phytoplankton creeks tends to be grazed by large phytoplankton resulting in shorter simplier foods wed and more efficient matters and energy transfer to large consumer (Tremply el al zone )plankton occurs naturally in water bodies and abundant quantity of plankton can be raised in concrete tanks and earthen pond (niffr,2001).

However the abundant of plankton that are found in water body is basically dependence in the percentage of pollution that migrate its growth that is plankton abundance is affects by percentage of pollution Tremble et al 2004) Weiss and Stockner (1993) observed that energy in palegic ecosystem flow from phytoplankton the primary producer to zooplankton the consumer through the classical foods chain and microbial foods weds modes that use phytoplankton primary production as the main controlling variable fish predicting fish yield in lakes and reservoirs’ has resulted in more successful prediction than many other method (Knosche and Barthelme’s 1998)

There is a range of chemical physical and biological competent that affect water quality. Some of which could provide a general indication of water pollution while other enable the direct tracking of pollution sources these indication include not only its physiochemical characteristics but also aquatic organism and biochemical techniques sequel to this many group of organism have been used as indicators of water quality bodies including algae macrophysics protozoa fish and other animal.

Plankton which are all those group of tiny float drift or freely of feeble swim in water column independent of the shore and bottom occupy the base level of foods chains (autotrophs) that lead up to commercial important fisheries have severally been used as biv indicators or water quality.

Additionally, plankton communities, play a major role in the biogeo-chemical cycles of many important elements such as the carbon cycles nitrification demineralization and metuanogenesis.
These circles brings about such process as primary production and recycling

1.2. Objective of the Study

The studies have the following objectives.

1. To identity the plankton assemblage in anwai river delta state.
2. To know which plankton is more abundance.
3. To know how the assemblage affected by the water quality.

1.3 Justification

Success in aquaculture has been shown to depend on availability of live not able.zoo plankton a preferred food of the fish hatcheries information on the various kinds of plankton found in Anwai River and how this plankton are distributed.

Chapter Five

5.0 Discussion

The experiment was carried out to identify type of plankton assemblage (phytoplankton and zooplankton) found in different water locations in Anwai River Stations. Which include location I, location II and location III as my sample size and to determine if there is any significant difference in the population of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the 3 location under study (Olele and Ekelemu 2008).

These species of plankton were found in the various locations Anabeanna, Asteronilla, Arthopina, Anabenopisis, Spyrogya, Synedra, Cladophora are the phytoplankton species found in my research with Asterionella species which occur most in the second week for the third week Anabenopisis occurs most in the fourth week Mavicula occurs most for location 3 water body and also the result of water parameter was carried out.

5.2 Conclusion

The study of phytoplankton and Zooplankton has been developed mostly in large rivers and lakes. Such study have focus of descriptive ecology e.gfuuna composition and plankton success in newly formed reserviour association are composed of plankton specie that have similar reactions to properties of the environment. The plankton was counted physical from a fraction of the sample, the number counted enable the extrapolation of the likely number of plankton present in the population.

5.3 Recommendation

It is therefore recommend that more research work should be carried out to find out the methods of their preservation for a very long time and it should be carried out on a nearby fresh water or water body.

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