Perceived Effectiveness Of Obesity And Weight Management Strategies Among Undergraduate Students

Educational Management Project and Seminar Material

Perceived Effectiveness Of Obesity And Weight Management Strategies Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity has increased in an alarming rate so much that it now occurs in children. Advancement of technology has made a lot of people’s lifestyle to be sedentary. There are a lot of programmes established to ensure people have a normal healthy body weight. This study explores the perception of undergraduates about various weight and obesity management strategies. The research was hypothesized that undergraduates significantly perceived (1) diet (2) physical activity (3) use of drugs (4) surgery as effective weight management strategies and that there is a significant difference between male and female participants in their perception of effectiveness on diet, physical activity and surgery as weight management strategies.

The descriptive research was adopted for the study. The population of the study was undergraduates of the University of Lagos. The sample involved in the study were (400) undergraduates of the Faculty of Education. They were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. Data was gathered through a questionnaire which was analyzed using spss at 0.05 level of significance.

The results revealed that a significant difference exists in their perception of drugs as an effective weight management strategy. On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that respondents are unaware of the dangers of surgery and drugs as weight management strategies. There is a need to inform through enlightenment campaign.

Table of Content

  • Title Page
  • Certification
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Content
  • List of Tables
  • Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.3 Objective of the Study
  • 1.4 Research Questions
  • 1.5 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.6 Significance of the Study
  • 1.7 Scope of the Study
  • 1.8 Limitation of the Study
  • 1.9 Definition of Terms
  • 1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

  • 2.1 Conceptual Framework
  • 2.2 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Research Design
  • 3.2 Population of the Study
  • 3.3 Sample Size Determination
  • 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
  • 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
  • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.8 Validity of the Study
  • 3.9 Reliability of the Study
  • 3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

  • 4.1 Data Presentation
  • 4.2 Analysis of Data
  • 4.3 Answering Research Questions
  • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
  • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

Chapter Five:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • 5.1 Summary
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • 5.3 Recommendation
  • References
  • APPENDIX
  • QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. Today it is estimated that there are more than 300 million obese people world-wide. Obesity is defined as a condition of excess body fat and is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders. According to Wold Health Organisation (2002), obesity is one of the largest health threats facing the world. Most researchers, Latner and Stunkard (2000) agree that obesity is a consequence of chronic energy imbalance.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world including Nigeria, affecting men, women and children. Different methods of treating this disease have been established in the various part of the world including Nigeria. Some of these methods include pharmacotherapy, physical activity, diet and surgery.

Body weight is a significant determinant of health and disease both obesity and underweight have been associated with disease. WHO (1995) affirmed that obesity has been associated with several non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and lipid disorders as well as with increased morbidity and mortality among adults. Bakari and Onyemelukwe (2005) viewed that underweight is associated with infections such as tuberculosis. In Nigeria, there is a disturbing trend towards increasing adiposity (Treblay & Wilms, 2002). In developing countries, this has been attributed to the so called nutritional transition. Flegal, and Carol (1998) found that in developing countries, a double burden of obesity (suggesting over-nutrition) on the one hand, and underweight (suggesting under-nutrition) on the other hand is not uncommon.

Public health campaigns to increase exercise levels and to reduce caloric intake have been initiated in many countries both at the local and national level (Tremblay & Wilms, 2002). Care must be taken to ensure that in such endeavours to reduce overweight and obese levels a realistic and healthy body weight is the goal of such campaigns (Flegal & Carol, 1998). This is particularly important in order to avoid an increase in weight anxiety and restrained eating with an increase in the number of campaigns aimed at increasing exercise levels and reducing excessive food intake.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The researcher has observed that there is an increasingly large number of overweight and obese students among undergraduate of the University of Lagos. Obesity is a public health problem because of its prevalence, review of literature also indicated that as a solution to this problem, a number of obesity and weight management strategies are being implemented across the world.

Some of these weight management strategies have been found to be ineffective and replete with adverse consequences that are sometimes fatal. It is therefore important that individuals have accurate information about weight management strategies and their consequences. This study is designed to find out what undergraduates of Faculty of Education know about this strategies and how they perceive them.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduates’ perception of the effectiveness of selected weight management. It is hoped that the study would stimulate more research on this topic so that unwholesome practices can be discouraged where they exist and enlightenment prescribed if it is found that a lack of knowledge exists among undergraduates. To achieve this purpose the researchers hypothesized that undergraduates will not perceive diet, physical activity, pharmacology and surgery as significantly effective weight management strategies. It was also hypothesized that gender will have no significant influence on the perception of weight management strategies among undergraduates.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions will be answered in this study.

  1. Will undergraduates significantly perceive the use of diet as an effective weight management strategy?
  2. Will undergraduates significantly perceive the use of physical activity as an effective weight management strategy?
  3. Will undergraduates significantly perceive pharmacotherapy (the use of drug) as an effective weight management strategy?
  4. Will undergraduates significantly perceive the use of surgery as an effective weight management strategy?
  5. Will the gender of participants significantly influence their perception of the effectiveness of obesity and weight management strategies?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses will be tested in this study

  1. Undergraduates will not significantly perceive diet as an effective weight management strategy.
  2. Undergraduates will not significantly perceive physical activity as an effective weight management strategy.
  3. Undergraduates will not significantly perceive pharmacotherapy as an effective weight management strategy.
  4. Undergraduates will not significantly perceive surgery as an effective weight management strategy.
  5. Gender will have no significant influence on perceived effectiveness of obesity and weight management strategies.

1.6 Significance of the Study

It is hoped that curriculum planners and school administrators may be better equipped to include knowledge about obesity and weight management strategy in the curriculum to all students by considering such information when making curricular, pedagogical or program decisions. The findings of this research may serve as a basis for research work in the area of obesity and weight management strategy thus provide data base for further research

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study will analyze the perceived effectiveness of obesity and weight management strategies among undergraduate students in University of Lagos . The study is limited to some selected departments in the institution. Hence, the respondents for this study will be obtained from and among students in the study area. This study will be delimited to the following respect

  1. Undergraduate of Faculty of Education, University of Lagos.
  2. Only 400 students served as participants in the study
  3. Four weight management strategies namely
    1. Pharmacotherapy
    2. Nutrition
    3. Physical activity
    4. Surgery
    5. Inferential statistics of chi-square and t-Test

1.8 Limitation of the Study

In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, language barriers, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.

1.9 Operational Definition of Terms

Obesity:

Is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health.

Pharmacotherapy:

Is the treatment of obesity through the administration of drugs.

Diet:

Modifying a healthful food intake.

Physical Activity:

Is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy expenditure.

Surgery:

The branch of medicine that treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by manual or operative method. e.g gastro bypass surgery.

Weight Management:

Involves various methods of keeping body weight at a healthy level.

Strategy:

Practice necessary to keep one’s weight at a healthy level.

Overweight:

Being overweight or fat is having more body fat than is optimally healthy. Being overweight is especially common where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary.

Nutritional Disorder:

Nutrition disorders are diseases that occur when a person’s dietary intake does not contain the right amount of nutrients for healthy functioning, or when a person cannot correctly absorb nutrients from food.

1.10 Organization of the Study

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows.

  • Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
  • Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
  • Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
  • Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
  • Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary

In this study, our focus was to examine the perceived effectiveness of obesity and weight management strategies among undergraduate students using University of Lagos as a case study.It is therefore important that individuals have accurate information about weight management strategies and their consequences. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduates’ perception of the effectiveness of selected weight management. It is hoped that the study would stimulate more research on this topic so that unwholesome practices can be discouraged where they exist and enlightenment prescribed if it is found that a lack of knowledge exists among undergraduates. To achieve this purpose the researchers hypothesized that undergraduates will not perceive diet, physical activity, pharmacology and surgery as significantly effective weight management strategies. It was also hypothesized that gender will have no significant influence on the perception of weight management strategies among undergraduates.
5.2 CONCLUSION
Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:
1. Undergraduates significantly perceived diet as an effective weight management strategy.
2. Undergraduates significantly perceive physical activity as an effective weight management strategy.
3. Undergraduates significantly perceive the use of drugs as an effective weight management strategy.
4. Undergraduates significantly perceive surgery as an effective weight management strategy.
5. Participants did not significantly differ their perception of weight management strategies.
5.3 Recommendations
In view of the findings obtained from the study and the conclusions reached above, the following recommendations are made:
1. Students appear to have adequate information about weight management strategies, however, the researcher did not try to find out when and how these information was obtained and the level of accuracy of the information.
2. The researcher therefore recommended that further research be conducted to determine if the information was obtained by the students in a formal or informal setting. This will enable appropriate recommendations to be made.

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