Network Analyzer And Network Monitoring Tool Using SNMP

Network Analyzer And Network Monitoring Tool Using SNMP
Abstract
The increasing popularity of wireless networks has led to instances of high utilization and congestion, some of which have resulted in an interruption of network service. A thorough understanding of how IEEE 802.11 wireless networks operate is crucial to predicting and preventing future interruptions. There have been many studies performed on wireless networks. Of those that have captured data from the wireless side, most have used a form of wireless network monitoring known as Vicinity Sniffing (wireless sniffing from a location that is physically close to an access point to be in the broadcast range) as the primary means of capturing data. We believe that with recent advancements, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is now capable of producing reliable results that were previously unattainable. We were presented with several obstacles in our studies, most of which are beliefs that SNMP is inadequate for monitoring IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. The claim is that SNMP provides either aggregated statistics or instantaneous values, and that it cannot report data on a per-device level, which is often desired so that individual details of a network’s performance may be analyzed. A prototype system has been developed allowing fans attending home football games to interact with a set of web applications using 802.11 enabled smartphones. A driving requirement behind the work presented in this thesis was to develop a framework for monitoring and analyzing the underlying IEEE 802.11 network used by the iTiger system.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In recent years, networks have been growing larger and more powerful, brought convenience to business, government, and individuals. The problem is that the network management task is also becoming increasingly complicated. In response to this, standards that deal with network management have been developed, covering services, protocols, and management information bases. Among them, Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the most widely used one for TCPAP based networks.
1.1.1 Basic Concepts
SNMP was introduced in 1988 and was initially designed as a short-term solution to manage TCPAP based networks. With SNMP’s Get, Set and Trap operations, monitoring and controlling can be realized in TCPAP networks [Stallings 961. Since TCP/IP is dominant, implementation and deployment of SNMP management systems are important. Because of the limitations and deficiencies in the original SNMP suite, SNMP v2 was introduced and published in 1993.To address the security and remote configuration capabilities issues, a recent set of RFCs, known collectively as SNMP v3, has also been recently introduced [Snmpv3] [Stallings 981.
A network management or monitoring system must have a management station or manager. The management station serves as the interface for the human network manager into the network management system so that the network manager can monitor and control the network management processes. Another key element in network management is the management agent. Any node in the network to be managed, such as PCs, workstations, servers, bridges and routers, should be equipped with an agent so that they c m be managed from a management station.
The agent gathers and records management information for one or more network elements and communicates that information to the manager. The communication is implemented according to a common network management protocol which is shared by al1 the management stations and agents.
Since the agent has a function of collecting and maintaining information for its local environment, the management information base (MIB) was introduced. The MIB contains current and historical information about its local configuration and traffic. The management station will maintain a global MIB with summary information from al1the agents. There are two techniques used for making the management information collected and stored by agents available to manager systems. One is polling, a process by which the manager queries the information from the agent and the agent responds by looking at its MIB. The other process is event reporting, which indicates that the manager listens for the event reports generated by the agents.
The heart of the network management system is a set of applications that meet the needs for network management. At a minimum, a system will include basic applications for performance monitoring, configuration control, and accounting. This thesis focuses on monitoring the system specified by the user in the local network and presenting the information via text or red the graph in the client’s Web browser. Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is defined by the Object Management Group (OMG) m provide middleware for object-oriented applications. With a membership of over 800 companies, OMG represents the main spectrum of the computer industry except for Microsoft. For the majority of the industry, the next generation of middleware is CORBA.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
As wireless networks become more popular, they are being deployed in more and more varying conditions. At the same time, the monitoring of these networks has also advanced and continues to reveal key implementation deficiencies that need to be corrected in order to improve operation and end-to-end performance. An increase in network load can give rise to several problems such as intermittent connectivity, low throughput, and high loss, resulting in an unreliable network, and in the worst-case, complete network failure. The objective in this study was to analyze the impact of congestion and AP handoffs in an IEEE 802.11 wireless network.
The problem addressed by this thesis is described by the following points:
- The majority of previous research has discounted the use of SNMP on wireless networks.
- SNMP is not typically viewed as an accurate and reliable tool since it presents either aggregate or instantaneous information at the time it is queried.
- Vicinity Sniffing is still seen as the best method of observing a network’s performance because of the level of granularity that is available.
- When using Vicinity Sniffing in ideal conditions, it is possible to view the entire contents of packets that pass across the wireless network.
- Although Vicinity Sniffing provides for packet-level detail, some limitations exist that reduce the level of accuracy such as the physical characteristics of the wireless medium itself.
- SNMP does not provide the same level of detail as Vicinity Sniffing, but the data that is returned from a SNMP query covers 100% of the packets that have passed through a particular segment of the network, whereas the data obtained from Vicinity Sniffing is dependent upon the physical placement of the sniffers.
This thesis is designed to show that the latest wireless equipment is capable of producing results that are on a per-device level, and that the data retrieved from SNMP is valid, even for wireless networks. Further, we correlate data obtained through Vicinity Sniffing to data obtained from SNMP. This serves to partially validate that the results from both methods are accurate and to develop additional performance analysis dimensions that can be achieved when using an analysis methodology that includes both techniques
1.3 Benefit of Research
Using SNMP for monitoring has proved that as congestion in the network intensifies, smaller frames are more likely to be successfully transmitted and received; and that in a congested network, the use of high data rates and the transmission of fewer frames reduces per-frame channel occupancy and decreases medium contention respectively.
1.3 Scope of Study
The scope of this study is based on developing an intelligent network monitor to dynamically distribute monitoring functionality, using SNMP at the devices where the managed resources are located. Specifically speaking, the intelligent monitoring goes in two ways:
- First, manager applications can distribute monitoring intelligence to the managed network element. Instead of bringing data from the devices to the central station. The manager host and the network as a whole can then be relieved from the bottleneck and the micro-management problems.
- Secondly, the network element’s agent functionality can be dynamically modified or extended. Through SNMP. Manager applications can choose to distribute/delete whatever information to/from the device, at whatever time they like.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The main objective is to implement an effective wireless monitoring system using SNMP and demonstrating its effectiveness in traffic characterization and network diagnosis.
1.5 Definition of Terms
Application Programming Interface:
In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) is a set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building application software.
Basic Object Adapter:
The. Basic Object Adapter (BOA) is an interface intended to be widely available and to support a wide variety of common object implementations.
Common Gateway Interface:
In computing, Common Gateway Interface (CGI) offers a standard protocol for web servers to execute programs that execute like Console applications (also called Command-line interface programs) running on a server that generates web pages dynamically.
Chapter Five
Conclusions and Future Work
5.1 Conclusions
This thesis reviewed SNMP technology and realized Web-based network monitoring using this technology. The basic information of System Group, Interface Group and Ip Group under MIB-II cm be retrieved and both text and real time graphs c m be displayed in the client’s Web browser. With my implementations, SNMP is a very good protocol for network monitoring. It is simple and effective. Due to its popularity, we can easily get support by vendors, such as SNMP from Sun’s Solmis 2.6 and snmp.exe from Microsoft Widows NT. If we want to monitor or control some specific parameters, we c m design our MIB and SNMP agent Ourselves based on ASN,1, RFC 1155and RFC 1157, etc.
This thesis reviewed some concepts and methodologies of the 00 approach and implemented them in UML. UML is now a standard notation adopted by OMG for object-oriented design. In my application, I Investigated and defined the requirements for the system. Identified the potential classes that compose the system. Mapped the system requirements to class attributes and operations.
Created class diagrams and sequence diagrams to capture most of the information about the system in order to help the system design. Most of programs developed in my applications are written in Java. The implementation shows that Java is very good for network programming, interface constructing and Web-ernbedding (using Java applets). It is simple and object oriented. Also due to its platform independence, the program developed can be running on any machine.
CG1and CORBA technologies were reviewed and realized in the Web-based network monitoring applications. From the programming view, CORBA’s local/remote transparency benefits the programmer considerably. While programming for the client, the programmer does not have to be concerned with transport, server location, object activation, byte ordering, rather just simply invokes the methods of services on the server side as if they are located in the same environment/directory. Using CGI, this becomes clumsy and difficult because we need to specie the location of the server either in an URL or socket, interpret al1the message and data either to a string for transmission or from a string for information. From the implementation view, we can see that applications via CG1are much slower than the CORBA peer. Also when the SNMP server is running on the Web server, the CORBA applications are even faster. Furthermore, since the SNMP Server in the CORBA application can be running on any machine, the load on the Web server can be decreased.
Al1 of the systems (NMS-CGI, NMS2-CGI7 AMSI-CORBA and MS2-CORBA) were tested and they work smoothly. Each of them can be accessed by Web clients and realize the desired functions. They were tested on Unix workstations, PCs and Macintoshes and both Netscape (version 4.5 or later) and Explorer (version 4.0 or later). The applications developed in this thesis only show part of the parameters defined in MIB-II. They are easily extended to monitor other parameters defined in MIB-II based on the requirements by adding a graphical interface for the OIDs in the queries. Nowadays there are many SNMF packages, one of them is AdventNet S N M P APL Besides this kit, there is another one named AdventNet NeMonitor (also developed by Advent Inc.), which is a graphical applet builder tool to be used to build Java applets that monitor and control the machines (with SNMP support) in the network. The problem is that it is difficult to add your components when you use this tool to build a graphical user interface. Also there are other limitations, such as you can only monitor the two interfaces for total data in and out of the queried machine. In my application, we can dynamically monitor al1 up interfaces of the queried machine for total data in and out.
5.2 Future Work
Because of limited time and access rights on our network, there is more work that can be done within this area in the future. For reference, several of them are listed below:
- The applications developed in this project only realize the monitoring part because of access rights to our local network. It is easily extended to the controlling part if we have the M t e access to the configuration files of the system (set pdu.command = SET-REQMSG, see [AdventNet1).
- My applications only touched the basic SNMP set: RFC 1155, RFC 1213 and RFC 1157. For further requirements, we can try the Web-based network management by exploring RMON, SNMP v2 or SNMP v3. Furthermore, we can design our MIBs and SNMP agents for some special usages.
- For CORBA applications in my thesis, 1have only applied static method invocations. For more advanced usage, we can try dynamic method invocations.
- With CORBA involved, we can get the SNMP trap message in the client’s browser by using the CORBA’s callback via IIOP. CaIlback is a cal1from the server to a client and in this way we can make the client aware what is happening on the server side. In my applications 1only designed the COFü3A objects using Java. Since CORBA provides high level language bindings, we can design some objects in C* with the help of VisitBroker for C++ and then make the Java objects invoke those methods and vice versa.
- In my application, the SNMP server needs to contact the SNMP agents to get the information according to the client’s request. In the future we can try the following: three severs on the sever side, one responsible for periodically contacting SNMP agents of the managed nodes for al1 the information defined in the MIB and write this information to a database with the help of a database server, a third server would be responsible for taking care of the client’s requests and reading the queried information from the database.
- In this thesis I explored my applications with both CG1and CORBA implementations. There is another popular kit named servlet which was introduced by JavaSoft to extend the Web server’s service for handling client requests [Servlet]. It is widely used now to replace the CG1 scripts. We may apply the servlets in our Web-based network management applications and compare the performance of it with CORBA and CGI.


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