Measure Of The Impact Of Information Communication Technology (ICT) On Economic Development
Measure Of The Impact Of Information Communication Technology (ICT) On Economic Development
Abstract
Nigeria has recorded a significant growth in information and communication technology (ICT) usage across different sectors in the economy since its inception. However, in today’s global environment, the challenge no longer lies in accommodating the growth of the ICT sector that introduced changes that are arguably the most important since the industrial revolution. This study aims at evaluating the impact of information communication technology on Economic development. 200 staff of the ministry of information were given questionnaires to obtain information and their views on the subject matter. Two hypotheses were posited and tested using a chi-square. Conclusions and Recommendations were made from data obtained.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Background of The Study The financial organization is considerably one of the largest industries in Nigeria providing employment for an estimated twenty two thousand people nationwide and generating 9% of the annual GDP of the country. Nigeria is considered to be one of the fastest growing telecommunication nations in Africa, investing heavily in ICT and related information technology Chiemeke et al (2006). One of its major investors has been the banks, however, with their major investments, the use ICT has arguably has an effect in efficiency and has made operations faster nevertheless there has been no major evidence that indicates that they have increased profitability, profitability has an important factor for banks and other organization as it can help drive economic and organizational growth and most importantly help organization increase their profit. This study delves into the realms of the financial organizations industry in Nigeria in an attempt to discover the impact of the use of ICT has led on profitability. This study will incorporate primary and secondary research in an attempt to determine if the use of ICT has improves profitability in the financial organizations industry and also to get a better understanding of the industry or not and their ICT practices. The outcome will be a set of recommendations aimed at suggesting possible ways to use ICT to improve profitability . this study aims at informing and advising the people in the Nigerian financial organization industry considering the use of ICT can be further used to improve profitability as well as academics who seek to broaden their insight of the industry in such light. The research and discussion will be condensed to a set of recommendation. The motivation behind conducting this research into the impact of the use of ICT has on profitability in the Nigeria financial organizations industry comes from the lack of such research in the Nigerian financial region as a series of similar studies have been carried out in other developed countries. Nigeria is often regarded as the giant of Africa more so they are said to be highest investors in the use of information communication technology in Africa, the use of ICT has no doubt contributed to the growth of the various industries in the country however there is no direct knowledge as to if the use of ICT has increased profitability in the financial organizations industry, thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of ICT in the Nigerian Financial Organization Industry on profitability.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Nigeria is faced with enormous problems of information access. These problems, especially that of low level telephone penetration and uneven access appears to be insurmountable. The penetration rate in Nigeria in the twentieth century was less than one line per 1000 population. In spite of efforts made by successive governments in Nigeria to improve on the penetration rate the country had continued to nose-dive as a result of fresh challenges in terms of building information and communication technology (ICT) related management and communication infrastructure. This has resulted in almost negative benefit, both to the economy and the society as a whole. It is quite evident that Nigeria at present lacks innovation, capacities and capabilities in information technology (IT) management and hardware maintenance. This notwithstanding, the country has been and will continue to import and use a wide range of durable consumer electronics, computers and telecommunication equipment. It must therefore being to accumulate the capabilities to repair and maintain these vintages. Indeed, if Africa is not to be left behind in global trade and development, it must be able to master certain basic capabilities in ICT. In addition, the rate of technical obsolesce is the natural technologies (such as steel, textiles and petrochemicals). The technological followers in Africa may therefore face the difficulty of sourcing for parts, components and peripherals unless they begin to accumulate the capacity for component manufacture. Available technology is largely obsolete electro-mechanical switching system. Presently, some countries are engaged in massive modernization efforts, Nigeria for instance, has at present, about 500,000 lines with about 160,000 lines just added through the on-going digitalization programme. Technology absorption and mastery takes more than importation of technology; learning which demands explicit investment is a perquisite for building the technical and managerial capabilities. Given the foregoing, the diffusion of ICT will have widespread, albeit differentiated impact on all countries, industries and sectors.
Policy must therefore begin to look at variable such as:
- Change in the structure of industry and services
- Employment structure, training and manpower
- Industrial organization and management
- Production processes and products
- Telecommunication infrastructure and revolution of service delivery of existing infrastructure, especially power system
- Information technology supply
- How the accelerating growth impact in trade and long-term competitiveness and maturation of African industry.
These are some of the key issues, which from the focus of this study. This study also examine the impact of ICT in the light of these variables, starting with the services and the manufacturing sectors, its organizational profitability. While the importance of manufacturing is generally accepted , the services sector has not always received as much attention. There are several reasons why a systematic study of ICT impact on the sector is important. First, the services are easily and more readily targeted for reforms. There is very little in terms of a systematic study on the impact of ICT adoption on these sectors in Nigeria. Hence, the decision to examine how ICT been adopted and diffused in the two sectors. In manufacturing, the emphasis is on the petroleum, pharmaceuticals, textiles, foods and beverages, and metal working sectors, since these contribute significantly to value added. The services chosen are hotel and tourism, broadcasting, aviation, transport, (railway) insurance and the capital market, as significant contributors to the quality of life of the people.
1.3 Objective Of The Study
The aim of this study project is to answer the question “does the use of ICT improves profitability in financial organization in Nigeria” in order to meet this aim, this study seeks accomplish the following objectives; they are to;
- Identify if the use of ICT improved profitability in Nigeria organization
- Determine how ICT can be used effectively to impact on profitability of organization.
- Identify the benefits of ICT in organization
- Identify the problems of ICT in organizations.
1.4 Research Hypotheses
Hypotheses one
- Ho: ICT has no impact on profitability
- Hi: ICT has an impact on profitability
Hypotheses Two
- Ho: There is no relationship between ICT and economic development
- Hi: There is a relationship between ICT and economic development
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study on the impact of information communication technology on economic development will be useful to policy makers and the government in understanding the various aspects of the economy that has been affected by the use of ICT. This will help in making better decisions to spur better and improved development in the usage and application of ICT in the country. It will also be useful to other researchers, as it will serve as a reference material for same or similar research.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is primary concerned with a measure of the impact of information communication technology on economic development. This study/project work covers the federal ministry of information and communication. The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following
a) Availability of Research Material:
The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) Time:
The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
1.7 Definition of Terms
ICT:
Information and communications technology (ICT) refers to all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions
Economic Development:
Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.
1.8 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
- Chapter one is concerned with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
- Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
- Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
- Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
- Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain a critical analysis of measure of the impact of information communication technology on economic development.
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations are made, which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefit in addressing the challenges of economic development.
5.2 Summary
This study aimed at having a critical analysis of the impact of information communication technology on economic development. Four objectives were raised. These objectives include: Identify if the use of ICT improved profitability in Nigeria organization, determine how ICT can be used effectively to impact on profitability of organization, identify the benefits of ICT in organization and identify the problems of ICT in organizations.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the above findings pertaining to the objectives of the study the following conclusions are drawn.
Creating information-rich societies is a key element of poverty alleviation and sustainable development. While education and training develop cognitive skills, it is information that gives content to knowledge. The importance of information for development is undoubted but important issues surround whose reality the information reflects, who is able to make use of that information and for what purpose.
5.4 Recommendation
The solutions to the problem of poverty are what they have always been: economic growth, enabling infrastructure, the creation of livelihoods, social capital, education and healthcare, and sufficiently democratic government to ensure that economic benefits are not cornered by the powerful elites. By providing cheap and efficient tools for access to information and exchange of ideas and knowledge, ICT can become an enabling tool for wider socioeconomic development. When properly used, it can greatly increase the ability of the poor people to benefit from economic development and from development programs meant to help them.
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