Marital Stability And Length Of Marriage Among Primary School Teachers In Calabar South L.G.A

Primary Education Project and Semina Material

Marital Stability And Length Of Marriage Among Primary School Teachers In Calabar South L.G.A

Abstract

This study investigated marital stability and length of marriage among primary school teachers in Calabar South L.G.A. The marital institution is witnessing instability globally. This study investigated factors that influence marital stability as perceived by literate spouses in Yenagoa metropolis of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The population of this study consist of all literate married couples in Yenagoa metropolis. A total of 600 respondents were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The instrument titled “Factors Influencing Marital Stability Questionnaire” (FIMSQ) was used in collecting the relevant data, with Pearson reliability (r) of 0.78. Mean scores were used to analyze the main research question; Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the t-test statistics were used to test four null hypotheses generated for the study. The findings showed that in order of ranking, social, behavioural, domestic, sexual, religious and financial factors influence marital stability. It further showed that there were no significant differences among the respondents in their perception of factors influencing marital stability based on gender, religion, educational level and length of marriage. Thus, some recommendations were made in line with the findings.

Table of Content

  • Title Page
  • Certification
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Content
  • List of Tables
  • Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.3 Objective of the Study
  • 1.4 Research Questions
  • 1.5 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.6 Significance of the Study
  • 1.7 Scope of the Study
  • 1.8 Limitation of the Study
  • 1.9 Definition of Terms
  • 1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

  • 2.1 Conceptual Framework
  • 2.2 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Research Design
  • 3.2 Study Area
  • 3.3 Population of the Study
  • 3.4 Sample Size Determination
  • 3.5 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
  • 3.6 Research Instrument and Administration
  • 3.7 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.8 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.9 Validity of the Study
  • 3.10 Reliability of the Study
  • 3.11 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

  • 4.1 Data Presentation
  • 4.2 Data Analysis and Answering of Research Questions
  • 4.3 Discussion of Findings

Chapter Five:

Conclusion and Recommendation

  • 5.1 Conclusion
  • 5.2 Recommendation
  • References
  • APPENDIX
  • QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The institution of marriage is as old as the creation of man. It dates back to the time of Adam and Eve. It is an essential phenomenon in human life irrespective of tribe, society and religious affiliations. In the opinion of Munroe (2003), marriage is a religious duty and is consequently a moral safeguard as well as a social necessity. It has been observed that marriage serves as a moral safeguard because it acts as an outlet for sexual needs and regulates man’s sexual desire/expression so that man does not become a slave to it. The assumption for its social necessity is rested on the premise that through it, families are established and the family is the fundamental unit of human societ.

One of the most important relationships between a man and woman is marriage. It involves emotional and legal commitment that is quite important in any adult life. This relationship usually involves some kind of contract which defines the partners’ rights and obligations to each other. The usual roles and responsibilities of the husband and wife include living together, having sexual relations with one another, sharing economic resources, and being recognized as the parents of their children ( Encarta, 2007).

We all desire to live a happy life. Most of us realizing our inadequacy to achieve this in our own efforts, seek happiness in life with a partner. It’s obvious that we have our friends, but we need someone more than a friend, pleasant companion, partner and help met as well. Therefore, many of us seek a husband or a wife to share life with. When people make choices to marry; they want to live happily ever after. They want a loving, happy, successful marriage. After they have been married for a while, and the novelty has worn off, they tend to discover that marriage does not maintain itself. Marriage takes work from both spouses to stay. Marriage is the most difficult maze one will ever get lost in (Angel, 2008). Marriage can equal either bliss or chains. It all depends on what one makes of it. Marriage depends on many different things to be successful: trust, love, time, friendship, understanding, honesty, loyalty sincerity and above all effective communication.

The dynamics of culture and human relationships have made researchers to observe many influences, manifestations, happenings and occurrences in marriage stability within the African society. These manifestations and occurrences have significant impact on marriage within the African modern society. The impacts have been both positive and negative. However, a recent observation on people’s attitude to marriages in African modern society, suggest an alarming negative effect of these impacts (Borgatta and Edgor, 2000). According to Gove (1986), marriage is described as the state of being united with a person of the opposite sex as husband or wife; the mutual relation of the husband and wife; the institution whereby men and women are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family; an act of marrying or rite by which the married status is effected. From a societal level of analysis the institution of marriage represents all the behaviours, norms, roles, expectations, and values that are associated with legal union of a man and woman. It is the institution in society in which a man and woman are joined in a special kind of social and legal dependence to found and maintain a family. For most people, getting married and having children are the principal life events that mark the passage into mature adulthood. Marriage is considered to represent a lifelong commitment by two people to each other and it is signified by a contract sanctioned by the state (and for many people, by God). It thus involves legal rights, responsibilities, and duties that are enforced by both secular and sacred laws. As a legal contract ratified by the state, marriage can only be dissolved with state permission (Borgatta and Edgor, 2000; Asana, 1990).

Every culture of the world recognizes some form of the institution of marriage. In most cultures, (societies) and religions neither man nor woman is considered complete, after reaching maturity, without a spouse. Many (societies) religions consider marriage as a sacred act that originates from God or as the union of souls or spirits with the sacred realm. Jewish beliefs trace the origin of marriage to Adam and Eve and view their union as a part of the fabric of creation. The nuptial blessings emphasize marriage in the scheme of creation and speak of the state of marriage as paradise regained. As a blessing from God, Jewish marriage should only perpetuate humankind but should also enhance and complete the partner’s personal growth, (Smith, 1981).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Marital separation, divorce and remarriage are common phenomena in Nigeria and else where all over the world. One of the factors responsible for these anomalies is lack of children which couples encounter some years after inception of the union (Maciver, 2004). Once the problem of lack of children rears its ugly head, the need to remarry is often felt; especially with pressure from family members, friends and even the larger society. Sex of children from the union is another factor that causes marital instability. Olayinka (1990) opined that the stability of marriage may be threatened if there are only girls in the family. This is because a higher premium is placed on a male child compared to female ones in Nigeria as a result of culture. However, Ayodele (2001) advised that no one sex is superior to the other, and that both males and females should be given equal educational opportunities. Thus, families who are childless within a few years after marriage experience turbulence manifested in quarrelling, suspicion, unhappiness and even separation and divorce. Against this backdrop, this study attempted to bridge the gap in literature by focusing on factors influencing marital stability as perceived by literate couples in in Calabar South L.G.A.

1.3 Objective of the Study

The main objective of this study is to investigate marital stability and length of marriage among primary school teacher in Calabar South L.G.A

Specific objectives of this study include to:

  1. Examine the major factors that influence marital stability as perceived by literate spouses in among primary school teacher in Calabar South L.G.A.
  2. Assess the difference between male and female literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A.
  3. Investigate the difference between Christian and non-Christian literate spouses in their perception of factors influencing marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A.

1.4 Research Questions

  1. What are the major factors that influence marital stability as perceived by literate spouses in among primary school teacher in Calabar South L.G.A?
  2. Is there any difference between male and female literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A?
  3. Is there any difference between Christian and non-Christian literate spouses in their perception of factors influencing marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

Null Hypotheses(Ho):
  1. There is no significant difference between male and female literate spouses in their perception of factors that influences marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A.
  2. There is no significant difference between Christian and non – Christian literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A.
  3. There is no significant difference between highly and less educated literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stabilityin Calabar South L.G.A.
Alternative Hypotheses(H1):
  1. There is significant difference between male and female literate spouses in their perception of factors that influences marital stability.
  2. There is significant difference between Christian and non – Christian literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stability.
  3. There is significant difference between highly and less educated literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stability.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This research study would be useful to all married couples and even youths who are about to get married who may want to learn how to keep their families together for peaceful coexistence. The ultimate result would be peaceful coexistence in the family and in the world as a whole.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study is focused on marital stability and length of marriage among primary school teacher in Calabar South L.G.A. the study also encompasses the major factors that influence marital stability as perceived by literate spouses in among primary school teacher in Calabar South L.G.A., the difference between male and female literate spouses in their perception of factors that influence marital stability in Calabar South L.G.A. and the difference between Christian and non-Christian literate spouses in their perception of factors influencing marital stability in Calabar South L.G.A.

1.8 Limitation of the Study

The study was limited in area of determining the actual respondents who have full knowledge about joint account on marital adjustment of working-class couples. Perhaps similar investigation, which includes single, may yield a different result. Possible, there could have been some faking or response to the items on the questionnaire provided by the researcher. The extent it occurs may influence the findings of this study.

1.9 Definition of Terms

Couple

Two people of different sex who are married legally Couple communication-The exchange and flow of information from one person to another among married adults

Marital stability

The quality of being firm in marriage

Demographic Factors

Socioeconomic characteristics of population expressed statistically, such as age, sex, educational level, marital status

1.10 Organization of the Study

There are five chapters in this study, the first of which discusses the background, statement of the research problem, aims, research question, and research hypotheses as well as the study’s significance, scope, and limitations. Chapter 2 contains conceptual, theoretical, and empirical reviews. The study methodology is covered in Chapter 3. This chapter covers the research design, the study’s population, the sample size and methodology, the data collection source and method, the study’s instruments, the data analysis method, and the validity and reliability of the study. Chapter four covers data presentation, data analysis and discussion of findings. Chapter five encompasses the summary, conclusion and recommendations.

Chapter Five

Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion

It has been seen from this study that in a descending order, social, behavioural, domestic, sexual, religious and financial factors foster stability in marriage. Therefore, the government and marriage counsellors should help to maintain marital stability among couples through seminars, workshops etc. The government should provide an enabling environment for couples to improve their living standards as a means of ensuring stability of marriage.
According to Okorodudu (2010), there appears to be a kind of downward trend in marriage patronage in our society. The trend is prevalent in both western and non-western cultures. Also, in the recent decade, there seems to be a cut down in the interest of young people willing to go into marriage. For example, Okon et al. (2008) pointed out that it is not an overstatement to say that the credibility that people attached to marriage has begun to dwindle and that the rate at which people are getting married has been drastically reduced as a result of the retreat of men and women from getting married or patronizing marriage in our society today. However, in consideration of the enormous benefits of marriage to man and the society as well as the fact that a stable home will result to a stable society and a stable nation, a study directed at finding out factors that will enhance marital stability, in this case impact of educational attainment levels on marital stability should be a welcome development. Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between low and high educational attainment levels and marital stability while medium educational attainment level showed no significant relationship with marital stability. Also location of marriage, educational attainment levels predicted marital stability.

5.2 Recommendation

On the basis of the findings in this research study, the researcher made the following recommendations:

  1. Religious bodies and cooperate organizations should organize seminar, workshops, talk and conference on the need for joint account among couples.
  2. Working class husbands and wives should be trained on financial management practices. 61
  3. Joint account among couples should be encouraged to enhance good relationship among couples.
  4. Couples that operate joint account should work together on a project. \
  5. Husbands and wives with separate account should take joint decision in major issues like buying car or building a house.
  6. Couple with joint account should map out strategies for dealing with in-laws.
  7. Couples should have a stimulating exchange of ideas.
  8. Couples should plan their families to enhanced good relationship and reduce conflicts. The call on Nigerians since the early 1990’s to have maximum four children should be continually re-emphasized in view of the economic maintenance materially and academically.
  9. Radio discussion and other public enlightenment method should be utilized to discuss family issues especially in the areas rearing.
  10. Coupes should be encourage through workshop or talk on the need to be patient in their marital relationships in 62 view of the fact that problems are inherent in marriage due to change in circumstance and environment.

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