Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed

Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed

Abstract

In this research, an hydrological modelling tool, soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) used to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield in a watershed. The model was run for 31years using spatial data such as Digital Elevation Model, soil map, land use and precipitation, wind and solar radiation. The results showed that the maximum value of surface Runoff was estimated as 19100.034mm in the year 2005 while the minimum surface Runoff was 1000.671mm in the year 20017. The maximum value of sediment yield was estimated as 2340.532mm in the 2005 and the minimum value was estimated as 34.769mm in the year 2003.

Table of Contents

• Title page
• Certification
• Dedication
• Acknowledgement
• Abstract
• Table of content
• List of Figures

Chapter One:

Introduction

• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Problem Statement
• 1.3 Aims & Objectives
• 1.4 Justification
• 1.5 Scope of Study
• 1.6 Description of Study Area

Chapter Two:

Literature Review

• 2.0 Literature Review
• 2.1 Sediment Source Analytical Techniques
• 2.2 Sediment Yield Measurements
• 2.3 Field Measurements of Sediment Yield
• 2.4 Sediment Yield Modeling
• 2.5 Brief Description of Selected Hydrology Models
• 2.5.1 RIBASIM
• 2.5.2 WEAP
• 2.5.3 Realm Resource Allocation Model
• 2.5.4 HSPF Model
• 2.5.5 AGNPS Model
• 2.5.6 SWAT Models
• 2.6 SWAT Model Description
• 2.7 Water Shed Hydrological Modeling.

Chapter Three:

Methodology

• 3.0 Methodology
• 3.1 Model Selection and Description
• 3.2 Model Input Data
• 3.3 Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
• 3.4 Soil Map
• 3.5 Weather Data
• 3.6 SWAT Model Set-up and Run
• 3.7 Water Shed Delineation
• 3.8 Land use map of the watershed

Chapter Four:

Results and Discussion

• 4.0 Results
• 4.1 Temporal Variation of total means for surface runoff
• 4.2 Temporal variation of total means for sediment yield
• 4.3 Temporal variation of annual means for sediment yield
• 4.4 Temporal variation of annual means for surface runoff

Chapter Five:

Conclusion and Recommendation

• 5.0 Conclusion
• 5.1 Recommendation
• References

List of Figures

Chapter One

Introduction

Water is an integral part of life, as human beings derived from the environment several services that are necessary for the survival, Water is one of the basic needs that human beings cannot live without; indeed water is life! Therefore, water-related (hydrological) ecosystem services provided by the environment (e.g provision, regulation and purification of freshwater) are quite valuable and important for human well-being. This underscores the importance of sound watershed management for continued provision of hydrological ecosystem services. From a hydrological point of view, a watershed includes all land contributing water (surface and ground water) to a reference point.

It is therefore obvious that land comprising of any watershed would generally be under other uses such as forests, agriculture and urban centers, which might commonly be considered ‘primary’ land uses. This means that watersheds provide other important ecosystem services, beside provision of hydrological ecosystem services. In some cases, enhanced provision of some ecosystem services may also lead to reduced capacity of watersheds to provide other services e.g. intensive cultivation to maximize food production may also lead to increase in soil erosion and consequently degradation of water quality.

Sediment yield is the amount at a point of interest in a particular period of time which occur due to heavy rainfall, are normally as tones per year or kilogram per year.

A large part of failure to achieve reasonable estimates of average annual sediment lies in particles of extrapolating relationship derived from field data with no consideration of appropriateness for future conditions.

Sediment yield is affected by many factors such as climate, soil, relief, vegetation and human influence. Runoff refers to as the part of water cycle that flow over land as surface water.

Runoff has been used as a variable representing climatic conditions and includes not only the water that travel over the land surface and through channels to reach a stream but also interflow, the water that infiltrates the soil surface and travels by means of gravity toward a stream channel.

In this study offa water shed is simulated to predict the surface runoff and sediment yield. The spatial and temporal variation obtained can be used as a decision support tool in the management of the water shed.

1.2 Problem Statement

Recent flooding issues in Nigeria as a result of excessive rainfall has resulted into runoff and sediment yield in the area. Therefore in order to manage the water shed sustainability, it is necessary to predict the variation of sediment yield and runoff in the area which can serve as a data base in managing the watershed.

1.3 Aim And Objectives

The aim of the research was to investigate the spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield and runoff in Offa watershed. Specific objectives achieved are:

1. Predict the surface runoff and sediment into watershed
2. Develop temporal variation map of sediment yield and runoff
3. Develop spatial variation map of sediment yield and runoff

1.4 Justification

The Spatial and temporal variation of sediment yield and runoff in the catchment area can serve as a decision support tools to water managers in the area to plan a sustainable management of the water shed.

1.5 Scope Of Study

The scope of the work was limited to the study of temporal variation of sediment using temporal data of 31years from 1986 to 2016. the analysis was based on preliminary modeling results obtained from digital elevation model (DEM) land use and soil map to predict the optimum variation of sediment yield and runoff generation in Offa water shed.

1.6 Description Of Study Area

Offa water shed is located in offa local government area of kwara state Nigeria. It is one of the main water supply in its locality, it is about 43km from Ilorin the capital of kwara state it fall within the latitude 8.1393o N and 4.71740 E. The map is shown in figure 1.1-1.3

• Figure 1.2: Kwara State Map
• Figure 1.3: Offa Water Shed
• Figure 1.1: Map of Nigeria

Chapter Five

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion

In this research, SWAT model was successfully applied to stimulate surface runoff and sediment yield at Offa water shed, Kwara State.

The investigation of spatial distribution for sediment yield and surface runoff show that the maximum surface runoff was obtained as 19100.034mm in the year 2005 and also the minimum value of total means was obtained as 1000.673 in the year 2007. The maximum sediment yield was obtained as 2340.532mm in the year 2005. Also the minimum value was obtained as 34.769mm in the year 2003.

5.2 Recommendation

Further research to be carried out on the validation and calibration of the model to improve the model performance.

Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed

The complete material will be sent to you in just 2 steps.

Quick & Simple…

Make payment of ₦3,000: through USSD Transfer, Bank Mobile App, ATM Transfer, or POS Transfer to:

	Account No.: 0811003731
	Name: Samphina Academy
	Account Type: Current

Or Click Here to pay with Debit Card

Send the following details through Text Message or WhatsApp Messenger | +234-8143831497

• Payment Details 
• Email Address 
• Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed

The complete material will be sent to your email address after receiving your payment information | T & C Apply

  Contact Our Help Desk

You may also like:

Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed

Disclaimer

This research material “Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed” is for research purposes and should be used as a guide in developing your research project / seminar work. For no reason should you copy word for word (verbatim) as samphina.com.ng will not be liable for any who copied the material.

The aim of providing this material is to reduce the stress of moving from one school library to another all in the name of searching for research materials. This service is legal because, all institutions permit their students to read previous projects, books, articles or papers while developing their own works. According to Austin Kleon “All creative work builds on what came before”.

samphina.com.ng is only providing this material “Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed” as a reference for your research. The paper should be used as a guide or framework for your own paper. The contents of this paper should be able to help you in generating new ideas and thoughts for your own research. Use it as a guidance purpose only.

How to defend your research work

This is a general guide on how to defend your research work:

1. Prepare For Questions:

If you are preparing for questions that may be asked during your defense, then your answers will flow smoothly and effectively. This will prove your knowledge on the subject e.g “Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed“, and strengthening your argument. Ask friends and family, read your work for them to listen to your presentation, and write down questions. You may be lucky the panel will ask you those you have already prepared on.

2. Strong Summary:

Summarizing your chapters will help keep your audience focused because it is easy for a mind to drift, so providing summaries will ensure your panel will follow along, even if they lose focus for a brief moment. Visual aides, such as graphs and power-point presentations can be very helpful. If you are going to use these, make sure you will practice your presentation with them.

3. Be Confident in Your Research Work:

Not knowing your topic “Investigation Of The Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Sediment Yield And Surface Runoff In Offa Watershed” inside out will cause you to struggle and ultimately fail with your defense. You need to know the subject from every angle to ensure you are fully prepared for any question that may come your way.

4. Conclusion:

Reinforce your findings to conclude your defense. The finale of your presentation should focus on proving the work that has been done. You may need to recap on what has changed and remained unchanged, if is necessary.

5 . Listen:

Before you get defensive or recite a particular answer, make sure you truly understand the question being asked. Being a good listener is an important quality, because providing an inaccurate or off-topic answer will also weaken the validity of your paper.