An Examination Of The Reasons For Poor Academic Performance Among Physical And Health Impaired Students
An Examination Of The Reasons For Poor Academic Performance Among Physical And Health Impaired Students
Abstarct
This study was carried out to investigate the reasons for poor academic performance among physical and health impaired students using Asoro Grammer School in Egor Local Government Area as a case study. The study was specifically set to determine whether a shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students, determine if insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired, determine if a lack of parental supervision contributes to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students, examine if student attitudes contribute to the bad performance of physical and health impaired students, determine whether a lack of government assistance is to blame for the poor performance of physical and health impaired students. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of physical and health impaired students in Asoro Grammer School in Egor Local Government Area. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 59 respondents while 50 were received and validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and percentage, while the hypotheses was tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students. Furthermore, the study showed that insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired. The study recommends that the government needs to enforce the various legislation enacted for the benefit of persons with disabilities such as the Disabilities Act (2003) and the Persons with Disabilities Amendment Bill (2007) which states that learning institutions shall take into account the special needs of persons with disabilities with respect to curriculum facilities examinations and other similar considerations. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Education’s enormous contributions to the growth of any society in the globe cannot be overstated. One of the most significant parts of human resource development is education. As a result, every kid has the chance to reach his or her full academic potential. Despite the primary goal of education, it is disheartening to see that low academic performance has grown increasingly prevalent, particularly among students with physical and mental disabilities (Orodho , 2004). Physical impairments and health disabilities are considered separate and special education categories for individuals with such disabilities by the Nigerian Federal Government. To that purpose, the Disability Education Act of 2004 uses the term orthopaedic impairment to refer to what we commonly refer to as physical impairments. Students with physical impairments have issues with their bodies’ structure or function. Similarly, the federal government uses the term “person with health impairment” to refer to a group of disorders and diseases that require specific health care for students with disabilities (Shapiro, 1999). As a result of the foregoing, low academic performance is recognized as a key underlying problem among children who have physical and mental disabilities. The consequences of this poor performance are not just low self-esteem in the kid, but they have also become a severe cause of anxiety and stress for parents, educators, and the government. For example, Fan (2001) discovered that one year after high school graduation, only 6.5 percent of the 50 students with physical and mental challenges who had enrolled were still in school. Many of the students with physical and mental problems who had dropped out of school were also unemployed. According to King et al (1993), 62 percent of physically and mentally handicapped students were unemployed one year after graduation. Other numbers given by the authors revealed the significant implications of the situation, demonstrating the scope of the problem and the cost to society if better solutions are not developed. According to a study, 50 percent of adolescents who were tested and found to be abusing drugs have physical or mental problems. Furthermore, individuals with mental illnesses who drop out of school are more likely to face financial and social problems (Mazooe, 2011). Adults with disabilities who are unemployed become consumers of public resources rather than contributors (Orodho , 2004). As a result of the above, this research is critical in order to scientifically and experimentally analyze the underlying cause(s) of low academic performance among these students and, eventually, identify a solution.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Students with physical and mental disabilities have been shown to do poorly in both internal and external assessments. This dismal performance raises concerns among special educators, parents, and researchers about the causes of this terrible performance (Johnson, 2014). Medical problems, below average intelligence, specific learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, emotional problems, poor, psychiatric disorders, hormonal abnormality, abnormal brain growth, or other forms of medical disorder have all been investigated as reasons for physical and health impaired students’ poor performance at school (Shapiro, 1999). While the above studies focus on the medical causes of poor performance, few empirical studies have been conducted on other institutional factors such as the availability of qualified trained teachers, teaching aids and laboratory facilities, student attitudes, parental guidance, and government support, to name a few, that have the potential to affect the learning of physically and health impaired students and, as a result, their academic performance (Johnson, 2014). As a result, the goal of this study is to close that gap.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective is to investigate the reasons for poor academic performance among physical and health impaired students. The specific objective of the study is as follows;
- Determine whether a shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
- Determine if insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired.
- Determine if a lack of parental supervision contributes to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
- Examine if student attitudes contribute to the bad performance of physical and health impaired students.
- Determine whether a lack of government assistance is to blame for the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
1.4 Research Question
The study will be guided by the following questions:
- Does shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students?
- Does insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired?
- Does lack of parental supervision contributes to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students?
- Does student attitudes contribute to the bad performance of physical and health impaired students?
- Does lack of government assistance is to blame for the poor performance of physical and health impaired students?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment does not contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired
- Ha: Insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The importance of this study is huge since the findings will benefit policymakers, curriculum designers, teachers, parents, and students in general. For starters, it will inform the reader and other researchers about the numerous factors that led to the poor performance of students with physical and mental disabilities. In a similar line, parents will find the findings of this study to be quite beneficial in motivating them to prioritize their children’s education. It will allow the government to give the necessary funds and equipment to improve the effective instruction of physically and mentally challenged students. Finally, this study is noteworthy because it provides as a blueprint for future researchers who may want to perform similar studies in various nations.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study generally focuses on an examination of the reasons for poor academic performance among physical and health impaired students. However, only one secondary school in the Egor Local Government Area is likely to be studied. As a result, the researcher focuses on Asoro Grammer School since it is the only special school in the designated LGA that caters to the needs of kids with special needs.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
This research project, like all human endeavors, had some challenges that threatened to derail the study’s completion. One of the reasons is that the time allotted for this work was so limited that the researcher did not have enough time to complete the task thoroughly. During data collection, the researcher also had to put forth extra effort to understand the respondents’ interview schedules, several of whom fell into the incomprehensible age group. Also, there were financial and transportation constraints to deal with. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire, interview).
1.9 Definition of Terms
Examinations:
Examinations are a type of comprehensive inspection or investigation.
Reason:
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event .
Poor Performance:
‘When an employee’s performance or behavior falls short of what is expected.’
Impaired Students:
Are with a physical or mental disability that significantly restricts one or more key life activities. Disabled kids typically perform poorly in school. Many disabled children have trouble recalling information that is provided visually or audibly.
Health:
Health is defined as the absence of sickness or harm.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, abnd selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the reasons for poor academic performance among physical and health impaired students using Asoro Grammer School in Egor Local Government Area as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to investigate the reasons for poor academic performance among physical and health impaired students using Asoro Grammer School in Egor Local Government Area as a case study. The study was specifically set to determine whether a shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students, determine if insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired, determine if a lack of parental supervision contributes to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students, examine if student attitudes contribute to the bad performance of physical and health impaired students, determine whether a lack of government assistance is to blame for the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 50 responses were physical and health impaired students in Asoro Grammer School in Egor Local Government Area.
5.3 Conclusions
In the light of the analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn.
- Shortage of qualified teachers contributed to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students
- Insufficient instructional aids and laboratory equipment contribute to low performance among students with physical and health impaired.
- Lack of parental supervision contributes to the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
- Student attitudes contribute to the bad performance of physical and health impaired students?
- Lack of government assistance is to blame for the poor performance of physical and health impaired students.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the conclusion drawn, the following recommendations were made:
- The government needs to enforce the various legislation enacted for the benefit of persons with disabilities such as the Disabilities Act (2003) and the Persons with Disabilities Amendment Bill (2007) which states that learning institutions shall take into account the special needs of persons with disabilities with respect to curriculum facilities examinations and other similar considerations.
- Strengthen guidance and counseling services for the students with special needs in order to cultivate a can-do attitude and confidence in themselves and their abilities.
- Appropriate adaptations, accommodation and modifications need to be made in the instructional approaches and existing physical facilities in order to enable the students with special needs maximize their participation in the learning activities.
- Library contents be availed in different formats such as braille and electronic formats which can make it possible for students with various disabilities to access and utilize them
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