Social Media Usage And Deviant Behaviour Among Secondary School Students In North-East Senatorial District Of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Project and Seminar Material for Sociology

Abstract

Social media use by youth in secondary schools is on the raise with an increasing number of students accessing WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and other social sites. While such social networking is beneficial to students, the way they are occasionally used, time spent, things learned and shared on the sites are shocking. Research has associated this to availability of many electronic types of equipment such as smart phones, computers, internet and lack of monitoring of their use by students. The research sought to determine the influence of social media on deviant behaviour among secondary school students in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District in Akwa Ibom State. The specific research objectives sought to; investigate the effects of social media on drug and substance abuse among secondary school students; assess the effects of social media on cyber bullying among secondary school students; establish the influence of social media on acts of violence among secondary school students and evaluate the influence of social media on sexual behaviour among secondary school students. The findings of this study will benefit secondary school administrators by highlighting the relationship between the use of social media and deviant behaviour among students and shall also offer secondary school administrators with knowledge and insights to guide in the formulation of policies and procedures to guide ethical usage of the social media. Educational practitioners too will find the study results useful in designing intervention strategies that are more holistic and inclusive of all stakeholders. The research was guided by a descriptive research design. The target population for the research was students in Form One and Form Three students in secondary schools within Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District. The total sample size for the research was 336 respondents comprising 168 SS2 as well as 168 SS3 students. Data for the research was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data was edited and coded into SPSS 22 for descriptive analysis in the form of frequencies and percentages. The findings were presented in tables, charts and bar graphs. Results from the research showed that use of social media among secondary school students was prevalent and especially WhatsApp with 90% and 98% usage among SS2 and SS3 students respectively. The analysis from research data also indicated that social media strongly influenced sexual practices of secondary school students with 23.8% and 43.8% agreement among SS2 and SS3 students respectively. Further data indicated a strong agreement that social media contributed to violence among students as well as on drug and substance abuse due to peer pressure with 63.2% and 64.4% agreement among SS2 and SS3 students respectively. Results also revealed agreement among respondents that social media has increased cases of molestation and cyber bullying among SS2 and SS3 with 45.2% and 51.7% respectively. On the basis of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that social media usage should be regulated and/or monitored in order to counter negative social behaviours attributed to its use at tender age. Further research should investigate the extent to which teachers are aware of the influence of social media on deviant behaviour and/or the role of school curriculum in eradicating deviant behaviour among secondary school students.

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

One of the most critical factors affecting the achievement of educational aims and objectives is deviant behaviour. The aims and objectives of education was to develop the domains of individual to meet the societal needs and the individual sustenance but the plaque of deviant behaviour among secondary students tend to betray these purposes. Deviant behavior can be seen as any behavioural patterns, actions or reactions that violate social orders, norms, cultures and values of the society. It is a behaviouralptterns that does not conform to the social orders or norms of a social system. Deviant behaviourcould be understood as behaviours, actions, reactions of a social actor which are contrary to the set rules and regulations of a school system. It constitutes all forms of crime and delinquency that is inimical to the social orders, values, cultures and traditions of a social system among teenagers and young adult. They become deviance when they engage in activities which are neither the control of the school system in the society such as crime, disobedience, fighting, stealing, disrespect, lying, drugs abuse, rape, drunkenness, home prostitution, cultism, gambling, lateness to school, absenteeism, dishonesty. It also include examination malpractice, improper dressing, falsification of result, abortion, burglary, leaving the school compound before closing, noise making in class, bullying, arrogance, aggression, truancy, to mld be classified into moral personal legal safety and educational forms of deviance (Isangedighi 2007)

Deviant behaviors can be seen as any behavioral patterns, actions that violate social orders, norms, cultures and values of a society. it is a behaviours , actionsaction that does not conform to the societal orders or norms, it constitute all forms of crime and delinquency that is contrary to so. According to ibia (2012) deviant behaviour is explained in terms of attitudinal behaviours which is describe in educational institution “ inappropriate behavior”, “conduct disorder”, “ unhealthy behavior”, “ abnormal behavior” . However, any two schools are two different social groups with their social orders set down to suit the norms, cultures and traditions of the society in which they belong to.
It has been observed that deviant behaviour is mostly associated with teenagers and adolescent age within the school context during the course of interaction within and between the social actors of the school system. It is a topical issue in school system and a great concern not only to teachers and school administrators alone but also to guidance counselors, behavioural therapists, psychologists, educational sociologists, concern parents and government over a rapid and unprecedented upsurge of deviant behaviours in Nigerian society at large. The Nigerian Society today is developing hence it required an education system that will enable the youths to understand the society and cultural heritage. This will help in the preservation of the society and its culture and will also help in preparing citizens for a changing attitude, knowledge, skills, manpower and experience in the society. The education of the youths is very essential in order to ensure the confidence of the citizens to the social and economic development of the country as well as raising the standard of living generally. No wonder various school authorities have adopted different measures to curb deviant behaviour among students in schools. The measures adopted are Suspension, Expulsion, Manual labour, Public Assault, Guidance counseling cautioning, Withdrawal of privileges, and Deprivation of Right in school system. These measures vary from school to school and in accordance to the extent of deviance committed.

The Nigerian education system is expected to stimulate the spirit of patriotism and lay the solid foundation for national and international understanding and cooperation among our youths. Through education services, those deviant behaviour manifestations may be eradicated in schools by attempting to restructure the organization of the school, peer group, family religious institutions and all other primary organizations in the society. Among the possible contributing factors that may enhance growth of deviant behavior of secondary school students is a social media such as mobile phones usage, Facebook usage, WhatsApp, Home video films usage, Instagram, Twitter and Text messages. This social media has contributed to observable shift in the social order of any society like the secondary school system through social crime pictures such as violence, abortion, rape bullying, arrogance, gangsterism, gossiping, improper dressing, truancy, burglary, fighting, lying and glamorization of drugs which are posted on social media( Facebook, InstagramWhatsApp, Internet ,Pornographic sites). Anti-social behaviours are presented on internet in the lyrics of popular music and video films nowadays. These are made easy with mobile phones that have such facilities since society had come to a point where the idea of living without cell phone seems ludicrous.

Teenage students are the most prolific users of phone more than some of their parents. Some parents desired their children to have a cell phone for communication and security purposes but students took advantage of that by demanding the highest facilitated accessories cell phone to sustain either good or bad motives to interact with friends, neighbours and colleagues within and around his or her jurisdictions. These social networks of interactions have permeated across cultural groups, economic strata educational units and age cohorts.Teenagers and young adults spend a considerable portion of their daily activities interacting through social networking media. Confidentially, they unveiled their feelings without much pressure nor influence to loved ones, friends neighbours and colleagues and at the same way are exposed and addicted to negative behavioural patterns such as cyber-bullying, indecent dressing, vulgarity of languages, online sexual crime, drug abuse, disrespect, dishonesty, stealing, fighting, arrogance, alcoholism, assaults, cultism, lying, aggression and falsification through global social networking of interaction where they exhibit thoughts, feelings, actions, reactions, motions, pictures, songs/ music which are inimical to school society. These global social network of interaction help to disseminate information, images, actions, reactions in a speeding retentive mode into the domains of thousand individual student not minding the negative effect accorded in students morally, psychologically, socially, physiologically, economically and academically. It is then the purview of criminologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and sociologists to study how these anti-behavioural patterns are created, how they change over time, how they are enforced and what modalities is required to minimize its tendencies. However, this study sought to investigate the relationship between social media and deviant behavior of secondary school students in AkwaIbom North-East Senatorial District –Nigeria.

1.2 Theoretical framework

The theoretical background of this study is based on the following theories and models.

Observational Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1969)
Technological Determination Theory (Mcluhan, 1962)
The Classical Theory
Symbolic Interaction Theory (Blumer, 1969)

1.2.1 Observational social learning theory (Bandura 1969)

The observational social learning theory was first developed by a sociological psychologist known as Albert Bandura in 1969. This theory basically posits that the learning process of an individual depends on the observation of a model behaviouralpattern, attitudes of other people in the social environment and then duplicating those skills, process, strategy of task demonstrated by the model. This happens without overt instructional activity and without the model realization of his services as an instrument of learning for the observer. Bandura do explains social learning theory asan human behaviour in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioural and environmental influence through necessary conditions for modeling such as attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation and reinforcement. Thetheory also contends that one’s appraisal of one’s self competence pertaining to preventive behaviours generate the self-confidence necessary for successful performance of these behaviours. In a series demonstration, Bandura showed that children were very quick to imitate aggressive behaviour through film watching but did not necessarily show them immediately in their behaviour. However, they will reproduce these behaviour where needs arises.

This theory is relevant to this study as it deduces that through the media, students are supposed to play a strategic role in fostering social development by setting up action-learning programmes to enable them imitate and develop appropriate and acceptable behavioural patterns. For example, adolescence may watch video and pornographic films on sex or violent or any other behaviour and may tends to imitate and reproduce such behaviour due to the attention and retentive memory exert on it. It will be suitable if their interaction in social media will recognized the importance of modeling appropriate behaviours thereby building their self efficacy.

1.2.2 Technological determination theory (Mcluhan 1962)

This theory states that the media technology shape how individual in a society think, feel, act and how the society operates as they move from one technological age to another (Tribal-Literate-up-print-social media) theory was developed by Mcluhan in 1962. It explains that individual learns, feel and think the way they do because of the messages they receive through the current technology that is available. For instance, the radio requires only listening and developing a sense of learning. On the other hand, television engages both learning and visual senses, people then transfer those developed senses into their everyday lives and would want to use them again. The medium is then the messengers social media brought about emerging technology and requires people to listen and engage often. People then interpret the messages sent to them from social media in their everyday lives.

Mcluhan believes that humans do not have much free will at all. Whatever society as a whole is using to communicate, they too will use to communicate. Therefore they will adapt to the medium they are using so that they can send and receive messages like everyone else. He considered that there is one truth by observing what has happened overtime. As the medium changes, so does society’s way of communicating. People can only use the medium for which it was created (phones for taking over lines or electronic mail for taking via social networking). If the medium is impersonal (mobile phone, then the message too is impersonal).

The theory is objective in that everyone will act and feel the same no matter what medium they are using provided they are using the same medium. But, Adebiyi and Oyo (2010) posit that many social Network users post messages without taking into consideration their clarity and logic.This is quitetrue; perhaps that is why there is often an existence of conflict among people, group peers and class as a result of not clarity or logic in the message disseminated of which its feedback may be on a contrary.

This technological determinism theory of Mcluhan implies that there is no society (even secondary schools in AkwaIbom State) without a medium of communication or interaction which is not static but keep on changing due to new system of technology developed. As the social system keep changing, the social actors (students, teachers, principals, school aiders) are also influenced by their ways of thinking, feeling, acting or believing and security choice of words hiding under the glues of anonymity. It therefore means that secondary school students of AkwaIbom State are exposed to the simple cause and effect analysis between the innovation of new technology and the change, in their ways of life.

Social media therefore is an institution of the society that has influence people’s attitudes and experiences in more hidden ways. It is a social medium which post social problems that threatens the smooth operations of other units and achievement of its aims and objectives. The social media provide much of the knowledge upon which decisions are made and attitudes are formed. Social media is a social system that can energize people into taking some decisions and actions or otherwise.

Some major functions of a social media

Surveillance Function: Social media can provide a continuous flow of data about the world we live in. They can warn us of dangers of intolerance, student riots, political instability, cultism, drug abuse, sexual harassment, juvenile delinquency and other social vices.
The status conferral function: The media give status to people, events and issues among others. An individual may become popular in the world for good or bad: issues or events that society overlook but have future consequences can be accorded status.
Application of Social Norms: Social norms can be enforced by media for example by promoting values through dramatizing deviance of all kinds, by bringing attention to youth crime, rape, drug abuse, dogmatism which enlighten the general public.
The Narcotizing Function: Media coverage might narcotize the public so that they become apathetic and decide that they are powerless to do anything. (Latentdys function). In other words, the media can be dysfunction stirring up undue anxiety that may lead to violence, suicide and other social vices.

1.2.3 The Classical Theory

This theory emphasis that human beings have free will which enables them to choose between what will give them pleasure and avoid what will cause them pain. So criminal beaviour is a deliberate and conscious action performed for pleasure. To scare people from a deviate, punishment was advocated which emanated pain to the deviance. However, ones would now choose between the pleasure of the crime and the facing of consequences that follow suit. This theory is applicable in the school situation where school rules and regulations are enumerated clearly to be adhering by the social actors. Students are well informed of all dos and don’ts in the school setting for achievement of a set goals and consequences for not conforming to the social orders are well spelt out to their understanding. Those who fear the pain of the consequences or punishment will abide by the school rules and regulations and those who fear not the pain of punishment will deviate and face the music.

1.2.4 Theory of symbolic interaction (Blumer, 1969)

This refers to the patterns of communication, interpretation and adjustment between individual both the verbal and nonverbal responses that a listener then delivers are similarity constructed in expectation of how the original speaker will react. The ongoing process is like the game of charades, only it’s a full-fledged conversation.The term symbolic interaction has come into use as a label for a relatively distinctive approach to the study of human life and human conduct. (Blumer,1969). With symbolic interaction, reality is seen as social developed interaction with others. Most symbolic interactionist believes a physical reality does indeed exist by an individual’s social definitions, and those social definitions do develop in part or relation to something real. People thus do not respond to this reality directly, but rather to the social under-standing of reality. Humans therefore exist in three realities: a physical objective reality, a social reality and a unique. A unique is a third reality created out of the social reality, a private interpretation of the reality that is shown to the person by others (Charon, 2007) Both individuals and society cannot be separated far from each other for two reasons. One being that both are created though social interaction and two, one cannot be understood in terms without the other. Behaviour is not defined by forces from the environment such as drives or instinct, but rather by a reflective, socially understood meaning of both internet and external incentives that are currently presented (Meltzer 1975).

Herbert Blumer (1969) set out three basic premises of the perspective:-

Human act toward things on the basis of the meanings they ascribe to those things.
The meaning of such things is derived from or arises out of the social interaction that one has with others and the society. These meanings are handled in and modified through, an interpretation process used by the person in dealing with the things he/she encounters.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The growth of the school society like any other society lies on the social behavioural pattern of the social actors (teachers, students, principals and other workers) which is developed through social interaction among the social actors in the school system under a well designed norms and cultures that is regarded as a rules and regulations which guides and directs the social roles of the social actors. In addition to this, the government on her part has constructed and re-habilitated classroom blocks in various schools location, free and compulsory education have been launched and implemented, teachers have been trained and employed with improved curriculum in Akwa Ibom State to ensure a beneficiary behavioural pattern and academic performance of students, yet all to no avail.

No wander parents, teachers, educational authorities and the government larment so seriously over the increasing rate of deviant behaviour among secondary school students in Nigeria. Students are seen drinking beer and other alcoholic drinks at break times and after school if not on campus, some are seen smoking cigarette if not marijuana or cocaine within and outside school environment. So many students are seen going to school so late when two or three lessons period might have gone. Some even stay at home and go to school anyday they feel like perhaps the day they have tests or examinations to take. Some deceived their parents pretending to go to school but hang around somewhere only to comeback home at closing time of the school. Some are involved in unsafe sex and sex offences which may leads to unwanted pregnancy or contacting viral diseases. Students are becoming stubborn with no respect to school authorities or teachers not to talk of their parents. They form a gang inform of cultism just to fight against any authorities who cross their ways. They even go further by rudely maltreating other students, burgle and steal their properties, extort money and bully innocent students unnecessarily. Above all, gossiping, noise making, loitering, fighting, lying and dishonesty are so rampant among Secondary School Students in recent times.

If we do not find measures to get rid of these anti-social behavioural patterns in a contemporary secondary school students, our future generation of students and the society at large will be devoid of decent and appropriate behaviour. How could parents spend their hard earned money to send their children to school for better tomorrow despite economic difficulties in Nigeria but the expected outcome is unavoidably pains and disappointment due to involvement of these students in deviance and other social vices.

Therefore, the researcher seek to determine if Social Media Usage such as use of mobile phone, facebook, video film, pornography has any relationship on deviant behavior of Secondary School Students in Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District.

1.4 Purpose of the Study

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between students’ exposure to social media usage and deviant behaviour among senior secondary school students in Akwa Ibom North East Senatorial District.

Specifically the study aimed at the following

Investigate the effects of social media on drug abuse among secondary school students;
Assess the effects of social media on cyber bullying among secondary school students;
Establish the influence of social media on acts of violence among secondary school students and
Evaluate the influence of social media on sexual behaviour among secondary school students.

1.5 Research Questions

On the basis of research objectives, the following research questions were formulated to guide the study.

What are the effects of social media on drug abuse among secondary school students?
What are the effects of social media on cyber bullying among secondary school students?
How does social media influence acts of violence among secondary school students?
How does social media influence sexual behavior among secondary school students?

1.6 Significance of the Study

The finding of this research work will be relevant to the social actors in a social system, the guidance counsellors, the social network providers, the educational administrators/planners, scholars and researcher as well as the concerned parents.

This study will acquaint the social actors (school principals, teachers, students) in a social system the credibility of peaceful co-existence thereby cautioning their actions and perceptions during social interaction and relationship. This research work will unveil various social behaviour adopted by students which are inimical to their academic achievement through the cell-phone usage and thereby subjected for guidance counselors and concerned parents to play their roles in this regards. Social network providers would equally know how to place restrictions on some websites and services based on the age of users. It is hoped that the findings of the study will bridge the gap of lack of sufficient information on the influence of social media on the students’ psychosocial behaviour. The study will also be beneficial to the scholar and researchers who may desire to embark on experimental studies on a problem for result oriented process. The work could serve as a reference purposes for further researchers and scholars. This study will be beneficial to educational administrators and planners. The finding will guide educational administrators/planners in formulating suitable policies for peaceful co-existence and sustainable education to individual and the society at large.

1.7 Assumptions of the study

This study is based on the following assumption

That the variables of the study will be measurable
That the responses to questionnaire will be true
That the study sample will represent true characteristics of the study population.
That the respondent have enough self-awareness of their media use, interest and motives capable of providing researcher with accurate picture of responses.

1.8 Scope of the Study

This study is to unveil the relationship between social media usage and deviant behaviour among senior secondary school students within nine local education committees which comprises of Uyo, Nsit Ibom, Nsit Ubium, Ibesikpo Asutan, Uruan, Itu, Etinan, Nsit Atai and Ibiono Ibom Local Government Areas respectively. The variables considered were facebook usage, home video usage, pornographic sites usage and mobile phone usage as independence variables while deviant behavior is the dependent variable. Only senior secondary three students in twenty-four selected schools among many others in nine Local Education Committees of Akwa Ibom North-East Senatorial District will be used for the study.

1.9 Limitations of the Study

A limitation is an aspect of the study that the researcher feels may adversely affect the results or generalizability of the results of the study, but over which he or she has no direct control (Mugenda, 2008). It may be a theoretical or practical constraint or drawback that may affect the reliability of the research findings (Kothari, 2004). Information on deviant behaviour such as sexual behaviour and drug abuse are very sensitive and therefore it is likely that some of the respondents mighty have given inaccurate information. To counter this, the researcher conducted a briefing of the respondents before they gave their responses in order to foster a mutually conducive environment for the respondents to air their opinions freely.

1.10 Definition of Terms

Deviance:

Is any behavioural patterns, actions, reactions that violate social orders, norms, culture and traditions of a social system.

Mobile Phone:

Is a digital social medium device that allows electronic calls, text graphics, images and sound into structural computerized environment for social interaction within a geographical area.

Pornographic Sites:

Is a sexually explicit sites or materials that is designed to arouse the feeling, thought, beliefs and actions of the viewer, reader or listener which could be picture, written (audio, visual or audio-visual) materials.

Social Media:

Is any electronic devices that allows global network of social interactions to arouse feelings, thought, beliefs, actions and aspiration either through sound images, graphics, text messages or calls.

Facebook:

Is a popular free social network sites that allows registered users to creates profiles, upload photos, videos film, send messages, meet new friends and keep in touch with friends, family, relatives and colleague.

Home Video:

These are social media electronic appliances that portrays social action, images, feelings, beliefs and aspiration produced and made available in the society by the film industries for interaction purposes.

Social System:

Is a network of social interactions organized with its social orders for a specific functions and maintenance of the society.

Deviant Behaviour:

These are social behaviour, action, beliefs thought, feelings, reactions in a social environment which are not conformed to the social norms and culture of a social system.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1 Introduction

The study examined the influence of social media usage on deviant behaviour among secondary school students in Akwa Ibom North Senatorial District in Akwa Ibom State. The main research objectives included to investigate the effects of social media on drug abuse, assess the effects of social media on cyber bullying, establish the influence of social media on acts of violence and evaluate the influence of social media on sexual behaviour among secondary school students. This chapter presents the summary of findings, the conclusion and recommendations of the study.

5.2 Summary

The results of the research the study indicate response rate among SS2 was 100% while that of the SS3 was 88% response among SS3. 52% were female’s respondents among SS2 while 53.7% of the respondents among SS3 were male. Findings showed that 77% of the respondents in SS2 were of below age 14 while 76.5% of the respondents in SS3 were at least 15 years of age.

The research findings further confirm that the majority of the secondary school students have access to social media. In terms of usage WhatsApp 90.5% among SS3 students and 98% among SS3 students and Facebook 39.3% and 54% among SS2 and SS3 students respectively) were among the most highly utilized by students. The results also suggest that Twitter usage is low among teenagers. According to personal usage of social media within schools analysis, SS2 often used twitter at 3% and SS3 students at 22.5%.

Social Media and Drug and Substance Abuse

The findings related to the objective on the usage of social media sites and their influence on behaviour have revealed that sharing of pictures among friends who smoked or drunk alcohol was not extensive among SS2 students (21.4%) against SS3 student with (49.7%). The findings further suggest that increase in drug abuse among students was attributed to peer pressure at 63.2% agreement among SS2 and 64.4% among SS3 students.

Social Media and Cyber Bullying

Responses collected showed a trend where classes‟ unite to form groups which are used to serve purposes of bullying lower class members or other schools. The findings showed high agreement among respondents that social media usage has contributed to poor academic performance of students as indicated by their agreement at 36.3% and 36.2% among Forms One and Form Three respondents respectively.

Social Media and Violence

The findings have strongly suggested that social media has contributed to growing violence among students. This was confirmed by 60.7% agreement among SS2 students in contrast to 45.6% agreement by SS3 students that social media contributed to violence among the youth in schools. The study findings have also indicated that there is a growing trend of online molesting and bullying of students. Thus 24.4% of the SS2 and 45.6% of the SS3 respondents respectively were in agreement with the statement that social media did influence bullying among students. This is largely being executed through use of WhatsApp and Facebook sites.

Social Media and Sexual Practices

In relation to social media usage and sexual practices and images the study findings showed a high level of agreement across respondents. This was supported with 23.8% and 43.6% by the SS2 and SS3 students respectively. The findings of the research in addition showed a high agreement among respondents that young girls are seeking acceptance among their colleagues and the public at large by seeking validation in their social media postings with SS2 respondents showing an agreement of with this view at 41.7% while the SS3 students concurred at 24.8%.

5.3 Conclusion

On basis of the findings discussed above it can be concluded that social media usage should be regulated and/or monitored in order to counter negative social behaviours attributed to social media at tender age. Therefore, school authorities should engage students more closely in order to get information on and assist in behaviour modification. The guidance and counselling departments should be at the forefront in adopting social media channels as a new way of routinely advising and mentoring students. In relation to social media influence on sexual practices and images the study noted negative significant influence of social media sites such as WhatsApp and Instagram which are normally used in sharing of videos and images on sexual behaviour. There is need for students to be advised on how to utilize these sites in the right away in order to avoid being lured into negative behaviours. Further the research established that social media use contributes significantly to the growing trends sexual favours being offered for money and other social considerations hence there is need to develop better guidance and counselling programs. The study also noted that social media contributes to the growing alcoholism and smoking of Bhang and Shisha. This was evident from the responses obtained that indulgence in smoking and alcoholism was triggered by online videos and images that lure the young students. The research also noted to some extent social media has contributed to the growing violent behaviours among students most notably school strikes and arson attacks. Despite lack of comprehensive surveillance of online cyber bullying due to confidentiality and anonymity of perpetrators the research findings have shown that social media users among the students have experienced some form of cyber bullying especially from members of senior classes.

5.3 Recommendation

The research recommends that school administrators and policy makers should be more involved in monitoring and guiding students on their engagements in social networks. More so, institutions should leverage on the affinity of social networks to students and set up accounts that students can interact through. Using such accounts the school management can be able to guide students on behavioral changes as well as check on any deviant cases. The researcher also recommends that guidance and counselling departments as well as parents should engage the young students especially girls on behavioral modification that can help them avoid being lured into the negative sexual practices that are now emerging locally.

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