Influence Of Parental Socio-Economic Status On The Career Choice Of Their Children (A Case Study Of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State)
Influence Of Parental Socio-Economic Status On The Career Choice Of Their Children (A Case Study Of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State)
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children (A case study of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State).The study was specifically set to find out if there is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students, determine whether parental level of income influences the career choice of their children, ascertain whether parental nature of occupation influences the career choice of their children, and ascertain parental educational background influences the career choice of their children. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of family men and women resident in Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 229 respondents and 210 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables. While the hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that there is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students. Therefore, it is recommended that students should be encouraged by career counselors to explore their parental educational status in line with other factors like their personal aptitude, interest and other aspirations to make informed and better career choice. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In student’s academic life, a stage comes where they have to select a field of study. It is the pre-requisites for the career that they want to practice in future. This decision have very important role because it affect their professional life. Oyamo and Amoth (2008), explained that as students attempt to decide career while in high schools, the problem of matching their career with their abilities and school performance arises because at the secondary school level, students are expected to have knowledge of what they intends to do in the future. This in turn guides the choice of subjects they will register for in the Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations (SSCE). In addition to this are lots of factors in life and in the field of vocational choices like, parents, teachers, friends, radio, television and books that surrounds the adolescents’ day-to-day activities and they very much influence his way of life (Oyamo & Amoth, 2008).
The issue of career choice is a serious concern to all because many factors come to play in influencing individual choice of a suitable career. Nwachukwu and Agulanna (2004) stated that occupational choice is a developmental process, occurring over the period of about ten years. They further stated that the process is essentially irreversible, since certain choices cannot be changed, thus every individual need to be very careful while making this choice. In the same vein, Kochung and Migunde (2011) remarked that career selection has become a complex science with the advent of information technology, the emergence of post industrial revolution and job competition.
Within the family is the parental influence which greatly contributes to the occupational preference of secondary school students. Study by Nwachukwu (2003), supported the importance of the family on choice of a career. The author discovered that a significant number of pupils said that their parents explicitlyexpressed opinion about their occupational choice.Blau and Duncan (1967) and Duncan and Featherman (1972) showed a strong positive correlation between family SES and children occupational aspirations and attainment. Sewell, Haller, and Straus’ (1957) survey of secondary school seniors showed a positive relationship between SES and educational and occupational aspirations of young women. Sewell and Shaw (1967), in a later study, concluded that for women, SES has a greater effect than intelligence on selection of attendance to and graduation from college.
Most specifically, the educational background, occupation and income level of the parent is also an important factor for consideration in students’ choice of career. Denga (1990) stated that the economic situation or occupational level of one generation seems to remain like that of the previous generation. In most of the cases, the offspring of unskilled parents may choose their careers within the level but some may eventually rise. Thus, the offspring of businessmen and professionals tend to go for business and professional careers. Chauhan (1996) posited that children from low socio-economic home, more often than others, preferred nursing, teaching and engineering, while those with high socio-economic background preferred Medicine; Business Administration and Law. On the other hand, some parents in the low socio-economic status may be seen giving way to “fate” as it were and find it difficult to motivate their children even where such children have the intellectual ability and aptitude for higher occupations. They may show their children variety of low income earning careers, corresponding to the adage that “water finds its level”.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
One of the students greatest problem is that of decision making on career choice. They place value on adult world work and may want to acquire the required education that would accomplish their wishes. But some are eliminated based on factors within and outside the individual which could be intra-personal, interpersonal, and extra-personal (Hewitt, 2010).
Parental influence greatly contributes to the occupational preference of secondary school students. Most parents like to force their children into some occupations against their wishes and abilities. This might be due to the fact that they want these children to either inherit their assets or maintaining their status or live the life they themselves would have loved to live. Onyejiaku, (2001) affirmed the role of the family on choice of a career by stating that someone whose father and grandfathers, uncles and brothers are physicians or lawyers will invariably have different career interest from another person raised in a family noted over the years as farmers, teachers, accountants, or labourers.
However, this tendency is changing dramatically. The high rate of competition for prestigious and lucrative occupations between the rich and poor families has seen rich parents compelling their children to train for the prestigious and lucrative positions in order to maintain the status quo of the family, while the poor families are also pressuring their children vehemently to train for the prestigious and lucrative positions in order to liberate the family from the shackles of poverty, that is, the family outcome expectations determine the career choice (Khami et al., (2008), Rodrigo et al (2005). Hence, the potent role of the family in student career choice cannot be underestimated (Nwachukwu, 2003). Influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children (A case study of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State)
1.3 Objectives of the Study
This study aimed at finding out the influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children (A case study of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State). base on the following;
- Find out if there is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students
- Determine whether parental level of income influences the career choice of their children.
- Ascertain whether parental nature of occupation influences the career choice of their children.
- Ascertain parental educational background influences the career choice of their children.
1.4 Research Questions
The major questions this study intends to address are;
- Is there a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students?
- Does parental level of income influence the career choice of their children?
- Does parental nature of occupation influence the career choice of their children?
- Does parental educational background influence the career choice of their children?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
- Ho: There is no significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of their children.
- Ha: There is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of their children.
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped that the findings of this study will help the students in the sense that it can be used to provide information for maintaining student’s motivation in both academic and social integration to support career development during the child’s study. It can also help the student in the process of choosing a career of his choice.
In addition, this study will help parents to understand that their children already have in mind their desired career aspiration. What is left for them is to support and guide them financially, and give them motivational support for them to be able to attain their goal.
Society is associated with children vocational aspiration. Reviewing an extensive body of research, Watson and Mc Mahon (2005) concluded that children learn about the vocation by interacting with their social environment. This study might open the mind of the society and make them understand the career aspiration of their individuals which might trigger the society to support some less fortunate students in their educational development.
Schools and teachers sometimes shape perception about vocation. This study might help in letting the school and teacher to be aware of their student’s choice of career and to avoid any form of discouragement, rather the students should be encouraged and supported. This study will also state the importance of guidance and counseling which may persuade schools and teachers to introduce or reestablish their guidance and counseling services.
This study may help educational stakeholders in the process of employment that is their employment would be in form of merit and not randomly so as to maintain further expenses. They would be speared the trouble of training their new staffs.
It is hope that these findings will help the government to understand that students have their aspired careers, this may bring less expense of resources in educational prospects if the student is held within what they want to become in future.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study seeks to examine the influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children. Geographically, this study will be delimited to Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, language barriers, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.
Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Socio-economic Status:
Is an economic and sociological combined total measure of person’s work experience and of an individual’s or family’s economic and social positionin relation to others.
Career:
Is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as a person’s “course or progress through life (or a distinct portion of life)”.
Aspiration:
Is a longing for and striving after something higher than oneself or ones current status. Salawu(1993).
Career Aspiration:
This refers to the future ambition of an individual on the type of job he/she wishes to obtain in future.
1.10 Organization of the Studies
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings onthe influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children (A case study of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State).The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the influence of parental socio-economic status on the career choice of their children (A case study of Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State).The study is was specifically carried out to find out if there is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students, determine whether parental level of income influences the career choice of their children, ascertain whether parental nature of occupation influences the career choice of their children, and ascertain parental educational background influences the career choice of their children.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 210 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent arefamily men and women resident in Ughelli North Local Government Area Of Delta State.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- There is a significant relationship between parental socioeconomic status and the career choice of students.
- Parental level of income influences the career choice of their children,
- Parental nature of occupation influences the career choice of their children.
- Parental educational background influences the career choice of their children.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- Students should be encouraged by career counselors to explore their parental educational status in line with other factors like their personal aptitude, interest and other aspirations to make informed and better career choice.
- Students should be assisted to make use of their parent income or economic status as a springboard to acquire worthwhile education that could lead them to a fulfilled career life rather than capitalizing on their parents economic status as the major determinant that would shape their career path.
- Parents should be sensitized on the need to play key roles in career selection process of their children. They should be enlightened on the need to provide moral support, discuss, monitor and reward academic progress; encourage children to seek information on careers, and provide learning resources, as well as sharing relevant learning experiences with their children.
- The principals of secondary schools should sensitize parents during Parent Associations (PA) meetings, and also come up with policies and mechanisms for involving parents on matters of career choice of students.
- The study also recommend the need for school BOM to foster a concerted effort and corroborations with parents, teachers and students in ensuring an informed career choice among secondary school students.
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