Impacts Of Audio Visual Aids In The Teaching And Learning Of English Language In SS1 Students In Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State
Impacts Of Audio Visual Aids In The Teaching And Learning Of English Language In SS1 Students In Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the impacts of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in SS1 students in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. The study was specifically set to investigate the impact of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State; ascertain the factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State; and determine whether there is a significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of SS1 students of some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 147 respondents and 141 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using T-test statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that the use of audio visual aids has positive impacts in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. Furthermore the study also revealed that the factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State include; absence of adequate visual aids at school, lack of enough fund to purchase visual aids, lack of skills in preparation and use of visual aids, and scarcity of time to prepare visual aids. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers should have expertise in usage of modern technology such as audio and visual aids, computers, photographic materials such as film strips slides, photographs, flat pictures and internet in other to improve the learning experience of the students. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In Nigeria, English is a second language and a lingua-franca. This means that it is the language for communication, economy, national pride, law, press, trade and instruction. As a language of instruction, it is an essential prerequisite for an advancement and career succession in the country. It means a lot in the life and progress of a child as it is a key subject with profound influence on all the school subjects. English is used in the Secondary Schools as core school subject. It is a solid foundational course.
The key elements of the course are designed to cover the basic four language skills which are: listening, reading, speaking and writing. It is expected that after learning these skills in Secondary School, the students who choose to work can use the language fluently while those who wish to go further can be proficient in the language. According to Ekene (2009), the teachers are to integrate the key elements of the language experiences in schools. English at this stage tends to receive more critical attention. Ekene further posits that the professional teacher of English is one who has been trained or has trained himself to do a competent work. The teacher should at least possess a college major in English or a strong minor. He must have deep interest in literature and a solid knowledge of the language skills. Moreover, he has to acquire strong skill in the handling of the instructional materials and educational problems. The emphasis here lies on training and qualification of the teachers.
The importance of instructional materials in teaching English in Secondary School is very profound. It makes whatever amount of work being done at Secondary School convenient. It promotes greater acquisition and high retention of actual knowledge. They provide increased interest and integrated experience (Rowtree, 1994). Vikoo (2003) observes that the most suitable instructional materials for the effective teaching and learning of English at this information age are audio – visual materials. He describes the audio – visual materials as the instructional system which uses the operations of the scientific and technological equipment combining both visual projections and sound productions to provide tangible experiences to learners. Some of such materials are computer assisted instruction, video – taped instruction and film shows. Baldeh (2010) states that audio – visual aids have been introduced, tested and tried in the school system and found effective.
In spite of the importance of English and the effectiveness of the audio – visual aids in teaching English in Nigeria, the students’ performances are found low in the Junior Secondary Examination. In the Chief Examiner’s report (2006), it is stated that the students’ attainments in English have been dwindling every year while the enrolments of the candidates are astronomically increasing. Rowtree (2004) still describes audio – visual aids as the most fitted materials to aid the teachers to inculcate the language competence in students. It uses electric method to enhance learning. Yet, the results of the students are found low. Jurich (2001) argued that a student is facilitated in given class assignment by availability of pictures. According to him, a student can understand and memorize more rapidly by using pictures and images.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Asuquo (2007) posited that education is the greatest weapon for self-confidence civilization. She further says that most students of our secondary schools are faced with poor self-confidence and wrong oral expression in pronunciation of English words. An average child has a problem of mother-tongue sounds interfering with spoken English because he/she starts to speak and learn the language of his/her environment before learning the English as a second language. The child is faced with the pronunciation problem which is as a result of mother-tongue influence on the second language acquisition (Kutigi, Gambari and Gana 2010).
In teaching and learning, instructional materials have been a triumphant entry, bringing benefits to both teachers and students. This makes it essential for every teacher and student to be familiar with the topic taught through the use of materials which the students can hear and see things for themselves. Several researchers in Nigeria have investigated into the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning. For instance, Adu (2002) investigates the extent to which audio – visual materials are used in the teaching of Economics in our secondary schools. Adeosun and Oreowo (2008) investigate the effectiveness of the video tape and picture instructional strategies on junior secondary school students’ academic performance in Christian Religious Studies. Oyinloye and Ajayi (2008) investigate the effects of audio instructional packages on the academic achievements of students in listening skills in Junior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State. However with all the researches made on the effects of instructional materials especially Audio-visual materials, no research has been specific to the effect audio – visual materials on the teaching and learning of English Language in particular especially at the senior secondary schools in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study is to examine the impacts of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in SS1 students in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. Other objectives of this study are:
- Investigate the impact of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
- Ascertain the factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
- Determine whether there is a significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions will be answered in this study:
- What is the impact of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State?
- What are the factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State?
- Absence of Adequate visual Aids at School
- Lack of Enough Fund to Purchase Visual Aids
- Lack of Skills in Preparation and Use of Visual Aids
- Scarcity of Time to Prepare Visual Aids
- Is there a significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: There is no significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method.
- Ha: There is a significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study which is concerned with investigating the effects of audiovisual materials in the teaching and learning of the English in the senior secondary schools in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise local government of Imo state is bound to be of immense benefits to students, teachers, school authorities, educational stakeholders, especially the Federal and State Ministries of Education. Specifically, the study will be of immense benefit because it will enhance the learning processes of the students and thereby improve on their overall academic performance, since it will increase the motivation of the students, add clarity to the topics taught and make learning more interesting. Findings from the study will help to sensitize teachers of secondary schools of their important roles in promoting the use of audiovisual resources in teaching and learning. This is because it will provide a basis for them to understand the need for their complimentary roles in encouraging and supporting the use of audiovisual resources The findings will further help to reveal and create awareness among the school authorities of the importance or otherwise of the use of audiovisual resources in teaching and learning. This is because the findings from this study may require taking a decision by the secondary school authorities whether to infuse audiovisual materials in learning curriculum or to modify, expunge or discontinue with the existing teaching methods. Create awareness for state and federal ministry of education as policy makers in secondary schools of the need to infuse the use of audiovisual resources as a core teaching method in the curricula of secondary schools and impress upon them to provide explicit strategy for enforcing the use of audiovisual materials in teaching and learning.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the examine the impacts of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in SS1 students in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. Hence the study will be delimited to some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered minor obstacles when conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. The significant constraint was the scarcity of literature on the subject due to the nature of the discourse, so the researcher incurred more financial expenses and spent more time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information and in the data collection process, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. Furthermore, the researcher did this investigation alongside other academic activities. Furthermore, the sample size was limited because only a few respondents were chosen to answer the research instrument, therefore the results cannot be generalized to other secondary schools outside the state. Despite the constraints encountered during the research, all elements were minimized in order to provide the best results and make the research effective.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Audios:
These are teaching aids which appeal to the sense of hearing.
Visual:
These are instructional materials which appeal to the sense of sight.
Audio-visual:
These are instructional materials that can be used to aid teaching and learning via the sense of sight and of hearing at the same time.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, abnd selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter (chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the impacts of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in SS1 students in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the impacts of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in SS1 students in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State. The study specifically was aimed to investigate the impact of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State; ascertain the factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State; and determine whether there is a significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents are SS1 students of some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion.
- The use of audio visual aids has positive impacts in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State.
- The factors affecting the use of audio visual aids in the teaching and learning of English language in Owerri, Aboh Mbaise Local Government Area Of Imo State include; absence of adequate visual aids at school, lack of enough fund to purchase visual aids, lack of skills in preparation and use of visual aids, and scarcity of time to prepare visual aids.
- There is a statistically significant difference in the academic performance of students taught using Audio-Visual aids and those taught using Chalk-Talk method.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- Teachers should have expertise in usage of modern technology such as audio and visual aids, computers, photographic materials such as film strips slides, photographs, flat pictures and internet in other to improve the learning experience of the students.
- The classroom should be equipped with the interactive screens, LED’s and other assistive devices for the best learning of the slow learner students.
- Heads of schools, academic masters/ mistresses and heads of subjects’ departments should ensure that the visual aids available at schools are effectively used by teachers in teaching and are well stored after use.
- Heads of schools should make sure that the budget allocated for the purchase of teaching materials such as visual aids is fully spent on purchasing those items.
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