The Impact Of Practical Work On The Teaching And Learning Of Some Concepts In Biology In Some Selected Secondary Schools
The Impact Of Practical Work On The Teaching And Learning Of Some Concepts In Biology In Some Selected Secondary Schools
Abstract
Practical is a key factor in engaging, enthusing and inspiring students, thus, stimulating lifelong interest in science. High quality, appropriate practical work is central to effective learning in science. As a result of the unique opportunities to the study, abstract concepts and generalization at such concepts are aimed through the use of real objects in the laboratory. This study aimed to find out the impact of practical work in the teaching and learning of some concepts in Biology. This study is restricted to some selected secondary schools in Abeokuta, Ogun State.
A survey research design was used for the study which made use of questionnaire in collecting data from 90 respondents, where 30 respondents were selected from three schools using simple random sampling technique “SalawuAbiola Comprehensive High school, Osiele, Abeokuta, Deeper life High School, Odeda, Abeokuta, F.C.E Model Secondary School, Osiele, Abeokuta. Data generated were analyzed with the use of statistical tools such as frequency and percentage. The result shows that practical work has great impact on the teaching and learning of some concepts in Biology. It was recommended that students should be exposed to more practical work and more attention should be given to the students during and after practical classes.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Science is a great enterprise which nations depend on, in-order to advance technologically. Science therefore is receiving much emphasis in education because of its significance and relevance to life and society. Biology is the science in which we study living things. You can learn about an organism by reading about it. You can also learn about the organism by picking it up and studying it. The former is a theoretical approach, while the later is the practical approach. It must be borne in mind always that animals should not be killed, nor plants life destroyed needlessly. After all, biology is the study of life. Biology as a branch of science and the prerequisite subject for many fields of learning contributes immensely to the technological growth of a nation. This includes Medicine, forestry, agriculture, biotechnology and nursing.
The study of Biology in senior secondary school can equip students with useful concepts, principles and theories that will enable them face the challenges before and after graduation. Practical work in Biology provides opportunities for students to actually do science as opposed to learning about science. Practical work is a keyfactor in engaging, enthusing and inspiring students, thus stimulating lifelong interest in science. High quality, appropriate practical work is central to effective learning in science.The science laboratory is organized setting used by students to observe and manipulates material in order to see in concrete terms some of the concepts learned in the class during the lectures and those read in reference textbooks.
Hamidu, (2002), pointed out that the teaching and learning of science progresses by exposing students to practical work and experiment in and outside the classroom or laboratory facts. He further stressed that those science teachers in Nigerian Secondary Schools do not teach practical until the second or third term of the final year in the secondary schools, he further `said that the teacher begins hurriedly to the students and then no how to attempt and answer practical questions in their final year examination. Practical work is significant in the aspect Exposure of real life situation i.e. application of practical experiences to real life situation (Onyimadu 2001).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
This project is interested in finding out “The Impact Of Practical Work On The Teaching And Learning Of Some Concepts In Biology”.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to assess the meaning and impact of practical work on teaching and learning of some concepts in Biology in some selected Secondary School. The findings from this study is expected to provide the understanding of the impact of practical work on the teaching and learning of some concepts in biology for teachers and educators.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This study is of significant due to the following:
- The research findings will be useful for further research work (for those that want to carry out further research work in related disciplines).
- The findings of this study encourage the biology teachers to know the importance of practical work in the teaching and learning of some concepts in biology.
- The findings of this study will make it easy for students to comprehend and get a clear picture of some of the basic concepts in biology. Hence, learning will be permanent.
- The finding of the research will make students to understand the impact of practical work on teaching and learning of some concepts in Biology
1.5 Research Questions
This project will find answers to the following questions:
- What is practical work?
- What are the impact of practical work on the teaching and learning of some concepts in biology?
- How does practical work influences the teaching and learning of some concepts in biology?
- What is the relationship between practical work and performance of students in biology?
1.6 Scope or Limitation of the Study
The study is restricted to some selected secondary schools as follows:
- Salawu Abiola Comprehensive High School, Osiele, Abeokuta.
- Federal College of Education Model Secondary School, Osiele, Abeokuta.
- Deeper Life Secondary School, Odeda, Abeokuta
1.7 Definition of Terms
Impact:
The part play by a person or thing in bringing about a result or helping something to advance.
Practical Work:
It refers to practical activities that include demonstrations, discussions, simulations, exercises, observations or manipulation of real objects and materials by students and fieldwork. The students working in pairs or small group of three or four are guided by the teachers and the teaching materials to observe and interpret events or phenomena occurring to the object.
Teaching:
It is the systematic way of impacting worthwhile values or helping people to learn.
Learning:
It can simply be said to mean a relatively permanent change in the learners and must be as result of experience the learner has been exposed to.
Biology:
This can simply be defined as the study of life.
Variation:
This can be defined as the differences which exist between individuals of the same species.
Diffusion:
This is defined as the process by which molecules or ions of a substance (i.e. gases and liquids) move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until they are evenly distributed.
Osmosis:
This is defined as the flow of water or solvent molecules from a region of dilute or a weaker solution to a region of concentrated or stronger solution through a selectively or differentially permeable membrane.
Concepts:
These are ideas or terms or principles that are connected with something abstract.
Chapter Five
Discussion, Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Discussion of Findings
The findings in table 1 which sought to find out the impact which biology practical pose on the students academic performance in biology showed that practical work makes teaching and learning easy and faster for the students. This study is in agreement with the findings of Nwaodo (2018), which stated that inadequate laboratory facilities reduces students’ interest in practical activities and leads to poor academic performance. The finding also showed that practical biology exposes students to acquiring process skills. It has link with the findings of Ezemagu (2018), that biology practical activities is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals and their relative environment in real experimental set up. The findings revealed that practical work assists students in utilizing their knowledge and skills acquired in real field outside classroom. This also has link with the finding of Ude (2014), that laboratory and field work are central to the teaching of biology.
The finding of table 2 which sought to find out the impact which teachers’ related factor pose on students performance in biology practical showed that poor teaching relationship affect students performance in biology practical. This also agreed with the findings of Ugwu (2014). That the use of practical activities to the teaching of biology concept should therefore be a rule rather than an option to biology teachers.
The finding also showed that poor preparation of teacher affect students during practical. This has link with the finding of Agaelu in opuh (2018) that science teacher should possess a good professional training and biology teachers are expiations.
The finding in table 3 which sought to know the impact which school management factors pose on the practice of biology practical towards the academic performance of students in biology showed that adequate provision of infrastructure affect student’s performance in school. This was made known by the responses of the respondents hence indicating that inadequate provision of infrastructure affect the students’ performance in school. This also has link with the finding of Nwagbo (2018) that laboratory activities help to increase overall quality of education of the student and also help the participants actively in learning.
The finding also showed that lack of proper supervision during practical affect students’ performance. This agreed with the finding of Okonye (2012) that the laboratory activities should be investigated in approach so that they can provide students with the opportunity of acquiring process skill.
5.2 Summary of the Findings
The study was carried out on the impact of biology practical on the effective academic performance on senior Secondary school in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Having justified the findings empirically the following are the summery of the major findings.
Good teacher relationship defiance student academic performance in biology practical. Practical biology exposes student to acquiring process skills. Practical work assist student in utilizing their knowledge and skills acquiring in real field outside the classroom.
Poor preparation of teachers affect students during practical. Good supervision during practical enhance student academic performance in the school, provision of infrastructure enhance student academic in school. School management related factor affect academic performance of student in biology practical.
5.3 Conclusion
The findings conclusions are based on the finding of the biology.
- Secondary school students have interest in learning when learning facilities are available in school.
- Student academic performance are enhanced when teacher relationship are improved.
- Student academic performance are enhanced when there is adequate proper supervision during practical.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made.
- The ministry of education as a matter of fact should ensure that learning facilities are available in the school so as to make learning interesting to students.
- Parent should be enlightened on how the practical activities influence the academic performance of the students.
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