Impact Of Information Communication Technology On Educational Administrators In Senior Secondary School

Educational Administration and Planning Project and Seminar Material

Impact Of Information Communication Technology On Educational Administrators In Senior Secondary School

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school using Public Secondary School in Imo state as a case study. The study was specifically set to identify the level of ICT facilities in Imo State Public Secondary School, investigate the extent of ICT usage for administrative purposes by public secondary school principals in the State, determine the levels of public secondary school principals administrative effectiveness, find out the impact of ICT on male and female principals’ effectiveness, and ascertain the impact of ICT on urban and rural-based principals’ administrative effectiveness. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population comprised 771 principals in 257 schools spread across all local government areas of the State. A purposive sample of 254 of principals from a random sample of 83 schools across a random sample of 12 LGAs was selected. A purposive sample of 254 teachers from 83 schools in 12 LGAs were also chosen at random. Data were gathered primarily through two structured questionnaires. Data generated were analyzed with descriptive statistics: frequencies, percentages, and means to answer the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient t (r) and Student’s t-test. The result of the findings reveals that the level of availability of ICT facilities in the sampled schools is moderate and the extent of ICT usage for administration was low. The level of principals’ administrative effectiveness is high. The relationship between usage of ICT and principals’ administrative effectiveness is positive and moderate but not statistically significant. There is no significant difference in the impact of ICT usage on principals’ administrative effectiveness among male and female principals and as well as on principals administrative effectiveness in rural and urban-based public senior secondary schools in Imo State. The study recommends that the Imo State Government or its agency supervising secondary schools should show more interest in imbibing information communication technology (ICT) and in supplying the necessary ICT facilities to secondary schools in urban and rural locations. To mention but a few.

Table of Content

  • Title Page
  • Certification
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Content
  • List of Tables
  • Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.3 Objective of the Study
  • 1.4 Research Questions
  • 1.5 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.6 Significance of the Study
  • 1.7 Scope of the Study
  • 1.8 Limitation of the Study
  • 1.9 Definition of Terms
  • 1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

  • 2.1 Conceptual Framework
  • 2.2 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Research Design
  • 3.2 Population of the Study
  • 3.3 Sample Size Determination
  • 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
  • 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
  • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.8 Validity of the Study
  • 3.9 Reliability of the Study
  • 3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

  • 4.1 Data Presentation
  • 4.2 Analysis of Data
  • 4.3 Answering Research Questions
  • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
  • 4.5 Discussion of Findings

Chapter Five:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • 5.1 Summary
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • 5.3 Recommendation
  • References
  • APPENDIX
  • QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

A typical secondary school in Nigeria is made up of an educational administrator known as the principal assisted by academic and non-academic staff, as well as students in levels 1-3 of the Junior Secondary School and or 1-3 in Senior Secondary School. Educational qualification, experience and leadership behaviour go a long way in assisting the Principal in his job as administrator, but there are some challenges that can make or mar his efforts at achieving the set goals of the educational system. They include: unreliable data, Shortage of skilled manpower, poor funding, inconsistent educationalpolicies, unstable curriculum, student indiscipline, low application of information and Communication Technology (ICT), industrial crisis by teachers, and cult activities amongst others.

Technology is often defined as the application of technical processes in order to achieve some practical ends. Technology is the practice of any or all of the applied sciences that have practical value and are of industrial and developmental use (Kosoko, 2002; Popoola, 2016). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a combination of information and communication technology. Information technology deals with the collection, storage, manipulation and transfer of information using electronic means. Communication technology refers to the physical devices and software that link various computers hardware components and transfer data from one physical location to another (Laudon and Laudon, 2001; Alabi, 2005; Popoola, 2016). Various ICT devices or tools have emerged to enhance the speed and quality of service delivery and radically change services being handled worldwide.

The introduction of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can facilitate administration as well as teaching and learning in the schools. Unfortunately however, many secondary schools in Imo State are finding it difficult to set up a functioning and well equipped ICT centre. Apart from lack of these physical facilities, lack of adequate skilled manpower to man the ICT has been another major problem. The most disturbing aspect of ICT is the negative use of handsets by students which include: watching of blue films during and after school hours, night calls and examination malpractices amongst others. All these activities seem to be encouraging students’indiscipline.

Secondary schools are administered by principals who are accountable to the authorities that appointed them. As principals, they are expected to perform administrative functions including: planning, organizing, supervising, staffing, evaluating, coordinating, leadership and purchasing and maintenance of instructional materials, equipment and facilities. Principals are also expected to manage the school finances and accounts and to maintain staff and student discipline and welfare. The effectiveness of the principals, as administrators of their schools, depends on the extent to which they perform the above administrative functions effectively. Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization (school) achieves a stated objective using available human and material resources.

The indicators of administrative effectiveness include high productivity, morale (high motivation) turnover rate of teachers, degree of integration, maximization of individual potentialities, maximum utilization of available resources and value contribution to the society (Uzoigwe, 2013). Furthermore, the All Nigeria Conference of Principals of Secondary Schools (ANCOPSS) in 2004, cited by Uzoigwe (2013) also listed indicators of an effectively administered secondary school which include disciplined staff and students, students and teachers staying in school for classes during school hours, drastically reduced examination malpractice, high performance in junior or senior secondary school certificate examinations, exemplary leadership by the principal, clean school environment and parents rush for admission of their children into the schools. It is important that secondary school principals are effective in the discharge of their duties because principals determine to a great extent, the realization of the goals of secondary education.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The secondary school is an open system that is in constant interaction with the environment. It receives inputs from the external environment, in the form of human and material resources, processes them and empties same into the environment (Okon, Ekaette and Ameh, 2015). These make the administrative functions of the principals really complex. The functions of the principals’ include decision-making, planning, communication influencing, coordinating and evaluation in the areas of curriculum development, instructional supervision, staff and student personnel administration, guidance, finance, community relations, construction and maintenance of facilities and special services (Selwood, 2005; Adeyemi and Olaleye, 2010). Secondary schools in Nigeria have become complex to administer. There are concomitant management demands being exerted on the principal, especially in this Information and Communication Technology (ICT) era. The enormous rise in the number of students in schools as well as the numerous programmes coupled with the complexity of administering a given secondary school has made school principals to handle large volumes of data which they must process quickly (Asiabaka, 2010). This complexity calls for the use of sophisticated equipment and facilities such as ICT for processing data in schools (Adewole, 2016). Studies on the impact of ICT on principals’ administrative effectiveness in secondary schools have been conducted by Andoh (2012), Oyedami (2015), Manduku, Kosgey and Sang (2012), Oguta, Egesa and Musiega (2014), Al-Sharya (2012), Okon, Ekaette and Ameh (2015), Adewole (2016); Etuclor-Eyo, Ante and Emah (2012), Kukali, Kawasonga and Rabari (2018), Makewa, Moremo, Role and Role (2013). Positive impactof ICT usage on administrative effectiveness is seen in many areas of school administration notably in student personnel, financial and general administration and instructional supervision.

Specifically, the use of ICT in secondary schools was said to bring about improved communication, improved record preparation and keeping, easier sourcing- of information, effective registration of students for Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations, faster analysis of examination results, enhanced financial accountability and easier preparation of budget and financial documents, among other impacts of ICT usage. This goes to show that the use of ICT tools in the administration of secondary schools is imperative for principals and vice principals of schools. It has however been observed that in many government or public secondary schools in Imo State, ICT tools are hardly available and rarely used to make school administration effective. It is against this background that this study intended to examine the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school. Other specific objectives are to:

  1. Identify the level of ICT facilities in Imo State Public Secondary School.
  2. Investigate the extent of ICT usage for administrative purposes by public secondary school principals in the State.
  3. Determine the levels of public secondary school principals administrative effectiveness.
  4. Find out the impact of ICT on male and female principals’ effectiveness.
  5. Ascertain the impact of ICT on urban and rural-based principals’ administrative effectiveness.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were answered in the study:

  1. What are the ICT facilities available in Imo State Public Secondary Schools?
  2. What is the extent of ICT usage for administrative purposes by secondary school principals in Imo State?
  3. What are the levels of administrative effectiveness among public secondary school principals?
  4. What is the impact of ICT usage on urban and rural-based principals’ administrative effectiveness?
  5. What is the impact of ICT usage on male and female principals’ administrative effectiveness?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

  • Ho1: There is no significant relationship between ICT usage and principals’ administrative effectiveness in Imo State public secondary school.
  • Ho2: There is no significant difference in the impact of ICT usage urban-based and rural based principals’ administrative effectiveness.
  • Ho3: No significant difference exists in the impact of ICT usage on male and female principals’ administrative effectiveness.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study would be of immense use to school administrators, teachers, bursars/accountants in the public secondary schools in Imo State. The official in the ministry of Education and its agencies would also benefit. They would be sensitized on the imperative of having a virile computer centre in each school, manned competent hands. They would therefore be compelled to make money available for this purpose. The principals would recognize the fact that effective school administration cannot be achieved without the usage of ICT in general, and record keeping and communication particular.

The study’s findings and conclusions would provide useful hints to principals and school accountants, on how to keep financial records and to retrieve them when needed. The findings of the study would help the teachers to keep and access students’ academic records as and when due.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school. The study will be delimited to some selected secondary schools in Imo state.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.

Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.

1.9 Definition of Terms

ICT:

Information communications technology

Administrative Effectiveness:

The positive response to administrative efforts and actions with. the intention to accomplish stated goals.

Educational Administrators:

These are school principals who are charged with the administrative roles in secondary schools.

1.10 Organization of the Studies

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the findings on the the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school using Public Secondary School in Imo state as a case study.The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.

5.2 Summary

The enormous rise in the number of students in secondary schools as well as the multiplicity of programmes have made school administration to be complex. These have made the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for the administration of secondary schools imperative. In this regard the purpose of this study, was to assess the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school using Public Secondary School in Imo state as a case study

The study adopted a descriptive survey research deign. The population comprised 771 principals in 257 schools spread across all local government areas of the State. A purposive sample of 254 of principals from a random sample of 83 schools across a random sample of 12 LGAs was selected. A purposive sample of 254 teachers from 83 schools in 12 LGAs were also chosen at random. Data were gathered primarily through two structured questionnaires.
Data generated were analyzed with descriptive statistics: frequencies, percentages, and means to answer the research questions. The null hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient t (r) and Student’s t-test.

Findings obtained indicated that: the level of availability of ICT facilities in the sampled schools is moderate and the extent of ICT usage for administration was low. The level of principals’ administrative effectiveness is high. The relationship between usage of ICT and principals’ administrative effectiveness is positive and moderate but not statistically significant. There is no significant difference in the impact of ICT usage on principals’ administrative effectiveness among male and female principals and as well as on principals administrative effectiveness in rural and urban-based public senior secondary schools in Imo State.

5.3 Conclusions

One of the findings of the study is that many senior secondary schools in Imo State are deficient in the availability of ICT facilities. This is an indication that ICT materials are not vigorously provided for the schools. A finding in this study is that the extent principals’ administrative effectiveness is high. This is an indication that administrative functions like communication, record keeping, finance administration and supervision of instruction are performed effectively. But it is surprising extent usage of ICT for administration is low. Utilization of ICT should make school administration easier and less costly, in all its ramifications. Changes in the level of use of ICT would also cause changes in administration in general. This is why the finding that impact of usage of ICT on principals’ administrative effectiveness is positive and moderate though not statistically significant.

5.4 Recommendation

Based on the findings the researcher recommends that;

  1. The Imo State Government or its agency supervising secondary schools should show more interest in imbibing information communication technology (ICT) and in supplying the necessary ICT facilities to secondary schools in urban and rural locations.
  2. Government should also improve on the level of training of principals, teachers as computer and other ICT personnel through induction courses, refreshers courses, seminars and workshops.
  3. Principals and vice principals should also show more interest in the use of ICT for the administration of their schools.
  4. The State Government should try to provide electricity generating sets to all secondary schools in order to reduce impact of the intermittent supply of pubic electricity supply.
  5. Government should provide well-equipped dedicated classrooms in all schools for use at computer centres.
  6. Skilled manpower should be consulted to teach principals and staff who are still illiterate in ICT.
  7. The packages that accompany computers should be provided by the government, individuals and non-governmental organizations to schools.
  8. The Federal Government and the State Governments should increase the funding of education in line with the UNESCO standard of 26% allocation of national or state budgets to education.

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