Impact Of Human Resources Management On Staff Performance And Productivity In An Organization
Impact Of Human Resources Management On Staff Performance And Productivity In An Organization
Abstract
This study examines the impact of human resource management on organizational performance. Generally, this study was made on the management, staffs and the customers of Airtel Telecommunication, Asaba metropolis in Oshimili South local government area of Delta state, Nigeria. Primary and secondary data were sources of data collection for this study. Structured questionnaire were used to elicit data from the respondents. One hundred (100) respondents were selected for this study but seventy (70) were eventually used. A survey research design was employed and a simple random sampling technique was adopted. Simple percentage method and regression statistical tool was employed as the major analytical tool. The findings revealed that recruitment and selection has a significant relationship on employee’s turnover. Also, the findings led to the conclusion that reward system has a positive effect on job satisfaction and performance appraisal can directly determine employee’s productivity. The study therefore recommended that training and development contribute to the profitability of the organization.
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The management of people within the organisation has become an increasingly recognized important focus for researchers and practitioner over the past 20 years. Organisations are becoming more aware of important role human resource play in the success of their organisations to achieve financial performance. As a result, organisations are becoming more employee-centric by focusing on enhancing employees’ engagement and organisational commitment. It is important for organisation to adopt human resources management (HRM) system that optimizes workforce as it enables organisation to achieve competitive advantage in today’s global market economy that provides wider access to technology, finance and other resources. Pfeffer (1994) stated that firms have increasingly recognized the potential for their people to be a source of competitive advantage. Creating competitive advantage through people requires careful attention to the practices that best leverage these assets. According to Nishii, (2008) scholars generally agree that appropriately designed, Human resources management practices can enhance organizational performance. Related theories suggesting and supporting assumption holds that the practices of Human Resources Management influences employees attitudes and behaviours. Human Resource Management is an invisible asset in an organisation. It creates value when embedded in the operational system that enhances organisational performance and ability to deal with turbulent environment. Effective HRM assists in developing human resources into high quality and efficient workforce thus enabling the organisation to obtain a competitive advantage through their people. In contrast, inefficient workforce can increase labour cost and decrease organisation productivity. However, in order to remain competitive, grow and diversify, an organisation must ensure that its employees are qualified, placed in appropriate position, properly trained, managed effectively and committed to the firm’s success. The goal of HRM is to maximize employees contribution in order to achieve optimal productivity and effectiveness while simultaneously attaining individual objective (such as having a challenging job) and obtaining recognition) and societal objectives (such as legal compliance and demonstrating social responsibility).
Human resource dimensions or practices (training, recruitment, reward system performance appraisal etc) have considerable impact on the performance of organizations and these contribute to the affirmative link between human resource management and organizational performance (Osman, 2012).Training is a flexible way to develop an employee as it consists of both formal and informal ways to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of employees (Ellstrom, 2011). Job security increases employees’ honesty, keeps employees committed to the organization and provides security to valuable information as well (Raji and Jackson, 2011). Reward system is imposed on organization to evaluate reward and organization reward employees on the basis to get value by elaborating what they have spent and what they have got (Armstrong, 2011). Employee performance can be evaluated by the evaluation of task and reward system. Employee performance is one that is affected by the knowledge transfer that helps employee to develop their understanding of networking as well as focusing on the organizational performance. Organizational performance is related to organizational justice which allows employees to get committed to task assigned to him or her. HRM dimensions greatly influences the employees attitude which in turn affects employees’ performance. If HRM system works effectively, then increase in the organizational performance will be seen (Snape and Redman, 2010). Competitive advantage is viewed as a source of competitive advantage is a must for any organization and employees are always viewed as source of competitive advantage for any organization (Barney, 1991; Pfeffer, 1994). So, human resource management must be made in such a way that can utilize employees in the best possible way to increase performance of organizations.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Research problem is an intellectual stimulus calling for an answer in the form of scientific inquiry. From experience over the years, with the role of human resource management in the achievement of organizational goal in Nigeria compared to other organizations of the world. It has been observed that human resource management in Nigeria have not performed well to support the efficiency and growth of the nation. Any management that is keen on training its personnel is usually faced with the problem of cost/benefit analysis. It is very easy to work cost but it is difficult to put value on the asset. It is therefore pertinent to list the problems associated with training human resource in the organization.
It has been observed that the problem facing business and increasingly number of workers are being faced with poor condition of service including remuneration. Furthermore, the foreign exchange problem has added a new dimension to the range of problem facing business organization. The overall effect of the problem is that most business organization can no longer afford to offer the employees good remuneration and adequate compensation for their labour. This is a situation that brought about ineffectiveness of human resource in the achievement of organizational goals.
Presently, Nigeria economy is experiencing some economic difficulties which have resulted in retirements, retrenchments, lay-offs, mergers and acquisitions and dismissal of employees.
Furthermore, prominent among the reasons why organizations perform poorly in most organization in Nigeria is the problem of fund. Thus, this is the reason for the introduction of two schemes and programmes by the federal Government through the CBN which are geared towards improving the accessibility and availability of credit to the companies in order to make them more vibrant. Even the funds cannot manage themselves without the human resource.
At this point, the problem this study seeks to address is to find out the impact of HRM and how it has facilitated the growth and achievement of organizational goals.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
Research objectives are statements that the research project will attempt to achieve. They provide the guidelines for establishing research agenda of activities necessary to implement the research process (Hair et al, 2006; 663).
The main objective of this study is to find out the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) on organizational performance. Aside this, other specific objectives that will be addresses are;
- To determine the relationship between recruitment and selection on employees’ turnover.
- To examine the influence of reward system on job satisfaction.
- To find out the effect of training and development on profitability
- To determine the impact of performance appraisal on employee’s productivity.
1.4 Research Questions
Research Question is the question which the researcher set out to answer. It is essentially a hypothesis asked in the form of a question (Kerlinger 2006).
Given the objectives of the study above, the following research questions are this formulated to guide the study
- Does recruitment and selection have effect on employees’ turnover?
- What role does reward system play on job satisfaction?
- Is there any association between training and development on profitability?
- What is the relationship between performance appraisal and employee’s productivity
1.5 Research Hypothesis
Research hypothesis is a formal statement that presents the expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable (Creswell 2006).
From the research questions above, this study will be anchored on the following hypothesis
- Ho1: Recruitment and selection has no significant association on employee’s turnover.
- Ho2: Reward system negatively influences Job satisfaction
- Ho3: Training and development does not affect profitability
- Ho4: Performance appraisal cannot directly determine employee’s productivity.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study is carried out within Asaba metropolis, Oshimili South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. The study focuses on the telecommunication industry in Nigeria generally but only covers Airtel Nigeria Plc.The sampling objects used in the study are employees and customers of Airtel telecommunication industry, Asaba metropolis. It was presumed that this group of people could provide more information in response to the questions contained in the questionnaire – The impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance. The highlighted indicator of the independent variable includes training and development, performance appraisal, recruitment and selection and reward system. Although, Human resource management covers a very wide range of dimensions or indicators, but focus will only be made on the above listed indicators.
Staff Reluctance: In most cases the staffs of Flour Mills Plc Calabar often feels reluctance over providing required information required by the researcher. This result in finding information where the structured questionnaires could not point out.
Researcher’s Commitment: The researcher, being of full time student spent most of her time on other academic activities such as test, class work, assignment, examination etc which takes average focus from this study.
Inadequate Materials: Scarcity of material is also another hindrance. The researcher finds it difficult to long hands in several required material which could contribute immensely to the success of this research work.
1.7 Significance of the Study
Some organizations neglect the importance of Human resource, while some organization do not make provision for this crucial part of organization; therefore, this study will be helpful to organizations who currently have not adopted the idea of human resource management. It will also be helpful to organizations who have an ineffective human resources, as it would expose the activities and the various positive changes an effective human resource management can provide. Furthermore, the findings provided in this study can be useful for further studies.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Human Resource:
Human resources are the people who make up the workforce of an organization, business sector, or economy.
Human Capital:
“Human capital” is sometimes used synonymously with “human resources”, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view (i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and economic growth).
Management:
Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it be a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.
Organization:
An organization or organization is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.
Effectiveness:
Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.
1.8 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
Chapter Five
Summary Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Introduction
It is pertinent to note that this research was aimed at finding out the impact of human resource management practices on organizational effectiveness, assessing flour Mill, Calabar human resource practices and its effectiveness, thus the topic “effect of human resource management practice on organizational effectiveness”.
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges associated with human resource management practice on organizational effectiveness.
5.2 Summary
It could be seen from the findings of this study and the critical responses collected from the respondents from review of related literature, the findings of this study can be summarized as follows: – the research was able to identify with the fact that indeed the concept of human resource management is being practiced in Flour Mill Plc Calabar, but not as expected by staffs of the organization.
The findings further reveals that the organizational structure of an organization where staff are classified into different levels and categories create negative impact and this affect the practice of human resource management in such organization, but Betcherman asserts that to enlist workers full potential, most organizations should posits the need for re-engineering their organizations towards adopting a “flat” hierarchical structures that will in turn create room for effective human resource management practice in such organization.
From the testing the two hypotheses of this study, it is certain that are great benefits in applying the practice of human resource management in organizations such as Flour Mill Plc Calabar as well as some disadvantages, these benefits as observed from this research work, if not fully harnessed, will bring about job dissatisfaction, poor motivation, employee disloyalty to mention but a few etc. which will in turn affect the profitability of the organization as well as its goals and objectives.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the objectives of this study, the researcher however conclusively state that this concept of human resource management is well known in most organizations, though it is not being applied to a great extent as it ought to be.
The research findings identified that employees do not feel a sense of fulfillment or motivation when this practice is absent in their organization, this affect their level of performance as they are not getting that job satisfaction that would bring out the best in them. It is however evident from this research work that for organizations to reap the benefits of employee efficiency, loyalty, increased productivity/output, sense of fulfillment and job satisfaction, management would have to constantly review its human resource policies, ensure good staff welfare package and good working environment.
Finally, for this concept to be effective in this organization, the limiting factors such as the organizational structures, the corporate culture, business strategies, policies and techniques, social factors, labor/trade unions should be flexible and constantly reviewed in order to achieve the organization’s goals. An organization’s should change its views and in turn ensure that the practice of human resource management is fully implemented. Human Resources Management is a reality without any firm foundation in Nigeria; condition Nigerian employees are yet to pass through.
5.4 Recommendation
The researcher finally proffer that managers should be tactful so that they could use the authority associated with their position to engender the acceptance and commitment of their staff without being obstructive. Management should design motivation schemes that would encourage workers to regard the work they do as their own work deserving of their commitment. Since the challenges to management in different organization is how best to apply the concept of human resource management practices in their organization. These best practices as observed from the research is listed but not limited to:
- Standard promotion, employee evaluation/appraisal criteria should be put in place.
- Constant review, flexibility of the organization human policies
- Performance incentive rewards and compensation should cut across all levels of staff and should be publicized to encourage and motivate others.
- Profitability/ bonuses sharing should be shared across all members of staff.
- Ensuring good staff welfare package to encourage staff motivation and loyalty.
Finally, all human resource management should try to identify the relationship between employer’s performance and organizational performance, both in public and private sectors of the world. Other human resource management should be investigated to provide a more clear and boarder picture to managers that will make it easy to decide which factor would increase employee’s perceived performance and the one that would not in public and private sector of any organization.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the impact of Human Resource Management on organizational performance?
The study revealed that human resource management practices have a significant impact on organizational performance ( Amin, Ismail, 2014). It has been found that university performance can be attributed to HRM practices including training, performance appraisal, employee Participation, job definition, and compensation.
How does compensation affect employee productivity and organizational performance?
The compensation system in any organization has a significant effect on the employee’s productivity and the organization ’s growth. Performance-based compensation has a positive effect on employee and organizational performance (Vlachos, 2009).
What are the organizational factors that affect the performance of employees?
There are various factors like training, Training and development, Leadership, motivation, technology, management behavior, working environment, where each Organizational factor contributes to overall employee performance and organizational development.
What are the HRM practices that improve job performance?
HRM practices including training, performance appraisal, employee Participation, job definition, and compensation. In our study, all the hypothesis accepted except the employee participation.
