The Impact Of Effective School Supervision In Primary School Pupils Academic Performance In Health Education

The Impact Of Effective School Supervision In Primary School Pupils Academic Performance In Health Education (Charles)
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education using Lagos State primary school District IV as a case study. The study was carried out to ascertain whether regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education, determine the extent school supervision is implemented in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV, find out whether school supervision helps to ensure that quality education is achieved in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV, ascertain the extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influence academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV, and determine the extent supervision of instructional facilities influence pupils academic performance in health education. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of academic and non-academic staff of selected primary schools in Lagos State District IV. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 114 respondents and 100 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables. While the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education. The study also revealed that the extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influences academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV. Therefore, it is recommended that the classroom activities of teachers should be scrutinized under inspection to give proper reports on teaching and learning activities in public senior secondary schools. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Education has been recognized as a process of impacting knowledge, skills and attitudes to the learners. This could take place in varying schools with the purpose of ensuring total development of the children. Education being regarded as the act or process of impacting or gaining knowledge, judgement and level of intellectual maturity. In a general sense, it is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, values, ideas, norms, morals and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to another through the process of teaching, training or research Adeyinka A. A. (2009). Adewuyi and Ogunwuyi (2002) defined education as the culture which each generation purposely give to those who are to be its successors in order to qualify them for at least keeping up and if possible for raising the level of improvement which have been attained.
According to Akinpelu (2004), education can be defined as a process of transforming cultural heritage and renewal from one generation to another. He stressed further that education is a process of renewal of experience that will probably occur in a deliberate and institutionalized form in order to generate social sustainability. Thus, making education relevant is a matter of ensuring that it generates, informs and maintains the student’s vision of life including his/her professional activities, attitudes, beliefs and values. Redden in Okemakinde (2014) gives a more explicit definition of education. According to him, Education is a deliberate and systematic influence extended by the mature person upon the immature through instruction, discipline and harmonious development of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, social and spiritual powers of the human beings according to their essential hierarchy by and for the individual and social uses which is directed towards the union of the educated with the creator at the final end. Speaking in the same vein, Thompson (2009) says that education is “the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in his habits or behaviour, of thought and of his attitude:.
Environment has various aspects, physical, social and cultural. Education should therefore facilitate the task of adaptation of the child to his environment. Thus, educational system however, affects the way people of a particular country carryout their organizational programmes. Human organization whether large or small, primitive or modern, educational or non-educational, engages in some activities or operation which leads to the achievement of their set goals and objectives. The emergency of the modern world has been significantly impacting, productive, profitable and worthwhile in the conceptualization of evaluating the price and worth of the education. Thus, educational activities cannot take place in a vacuum, rather, in a well-structured formal settings or environment called school.
School being an integral and indispensable element of actualizing the set of educational goals and objectives is the birth place of citizens ideal. It is more important that all the stakeholder in the academic circle be it teachers, students, principals, administrators and lot more should collaborate and work in order to have an outstanding result. Despite all the process involved in the teaching-learning process such as sequential planning of the teaching process, organizing the classroom to suit the desired educational purpose, proper and adequate classroom management, teacher’s intellectual and good oratory skills through evaluation of the teaching activities and lot more.
The pupils academic attainment or success is not guaranteed if proper, timely and thorough supervision is not done in the teaching-learning process especially in teaching health education subjects in the primary schools. Ultimately, this is where the exploit of the teaching-learning process lies in yielding the intended result, it is vehemently believed that the defect and setback upsurge in the academic community especially health education circle in the primary schools comes as a result of laxity in the area of school supervision.
The task of the school supervision has become increasingly complex within the past decades which call for urgent needs of the school supervision or supervisory teams to make use of relevant behavioural theories and techniques to be able to manage the modern complex educational institutions successfully. School supervision is the activity carried out by supervisors to oversee the activity of the workers or staff and that of the learners in order to ascertain the successful outcome of the teaching-learning process.
1.2 Statement of the Study
The recent downward trend in the quality of education in Nigeria has been a major source of concern to all as it affects almost every facet of life. At present, the teaching force is weak and the standard of performance is also low which is an indication that the standard of school supervisor is sub optimal Akpa (1999). School supervisors are lazy when it comes to monitoring and ensuring that teachers follows the set out rules except if some benefits are attached or are being compelled to submit reports by the authorities (Onyia, 2010).
In addition, most head teachers do not meaningfully supervise and evaluate pupil, plan and co-ordinate curriculum actively, manage innovation and change or spend time in classroom. On the other hand, according to Maranga (1993), inspectors visit to schools are sporadic; and in cases where inspections are carried out, the inspectors are more ignorant than the teachers on how to handle certain curriculum issues. Schools continue to experience shortage of teachers, poor performance, low rate of retention and completion and indiscipline among teachers and pupils (UNESCO, 2005).
Nevertheless, Anukam (2009) opined that the nation is finding ways of improving effective school supervision of schools in the wake of assumed falling standard of learning, increased school enrolment, and increased recruitment of unqualified teachers. The study will examine the the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study therefore is to examine the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education using Lagos State primary school District IV as a case study.
Specifically the study sets out to:
- Ascertain whether regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education.
- Determine the extent school supervision is implemented in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV.
- Find out whether school supervision helps to ensure that quality education is achieved in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV.
- Ascertain the extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influence academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV.
- Determine the extent supervision of instructional facilities influence pupils academic performance in health education.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions will be answered during the course of this study:
- Does regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education?
- What is the extent school supervision is implemented in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV?
- Does school supervision help to ensure that quality education is achieved in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV?
- What is the extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influence academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV?
- What is the extent supervision of instructional facilities influence pupils academic performance in health education?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Effective school supervision has no significant impact on primary school pupils academic performance in health education.
- Ha: Effective school supervision has a significant impact on primary school pupils academic performance in health education.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are expected to be of utmost importance to the supervisors, educators, researchers, classroom teachers, principals, students and the government in general through the following perspectives:
The findings of the study is significant to the supervisors and government agencies to use appropriate supervisory measures to motivate and arouse both the interest of the teachers and students on effective teaching and learning of school subjects. This would enhance teachers’ productivity and students’ performance on the requisite skills.
The significant of this study and that of related literatures would help teachers modify their instructional strategies in line with the recommendations and suggestions for improved teacher professional performance as well as guiding staff development.
The findings will also be relevant to the teacher as a purposeful and constructive advice for increased productivity of teachers in diverse disciplines. It utmost goal is to help teachers learn what their problems are and seek the best methods of solving them be it individual or group problems.
To the principals, this work will be relevant because it will serve as informative to school administrators to ensure high standards are maintained and that laid down rules and regulations are observed.
The findings of the study will be significant to the Ministry of Education to help prioritize qualified school supervisors who have technical skills about education especially at the secondary schools level. Government should not sacrifice the merit and competence on the altar of political affiliation.
Qualified personnel in the field of education with sufficient knowledge, skills and experience in secondary school education should be appointed as supervisors in order to exhibit all sense of professionalism in carrying out their functions in our school system.
The findings of this work could be of help to the external supervisors from the Ministry of Education whose manner of inspection is dreaded by both the principals and the teachers.
Again, the students stand to reap the immense benefits as teachers’ productivity will be affected positively through correct usage of instructional supervisory strategies by teachers. Also, it is also vital as it would add to the existing studies and literature relating to the school supervision and teachers’ productivity. Finally, it will be of utmost significance as a reference point to prospective researcher on school supervision and teachers’ productivity.
1.7 Scope of Study
The scope of this study boarders on the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education. Hence, the study will be delimited to Lagos State primary school District IV.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered minor obstacles when conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. The significant constraint was the scarcity of literature on the subject due to the nature of the discourse, so the researcher incurred more financial expenses and spent more time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information and in the data collection process, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. Furthermore, the researcher did this investigation alongside other academic activities. Furthermore, the sample size was limited because only a few respondents were chosen to answer the research instrument, therefore the results cannot be generalized to other secondary schools outside the state. Despite the constraints encountered during the research, all elements were minimized in order to provide the best results and make the research effective.
1.9 Definition of Terms
School:
A school is an institution designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students (or “pupils”) under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students’ progress through a series of schools.
Supervision:
Is the process of helping, guiding, advising and stimulating growth in a subordinate in order to improve on the quality of his work.
Academic Performance:
Academic achievement or (academic) performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short or long-term educational goals. Cumulative GPA and completion of educational degrees such as High School and bachelor’s degrees represent academic achievement.
1.10 Organizations of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education using Lagos State primary school District IV as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the impact of effective school supervision in primary school pupils academic performance in health education using Lagos State primary school District IV as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to ascertain whether regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education, determine the extent school supervision is implemented in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV, find out whether school supervision helps to ensure that quality education is achieved in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV, ascertain the extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influence academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV, and determine the extent supervision of instructional facilities influence pupils academic performance in health education.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 100 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were academic and non-academic staff of selected primary schools in Lagos State District IV.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- Regular school supervision have an impact on pupils academic performance in health education.
- The extent school supervision is implemented in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV is low.
- School supervision helps to ensure that quality education is achieved in primary schools in Lagos State primary school District IV.
- The extent checking of teacher’s classroom activities by school supervisors influences academic performance of students Lagos State primary school District IV.
- The extent supervision of instructional facilities influences pupils academic performance in health education is high.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
- The classroom activities of teachers should be scrutinized under inspection to give proper reports on teaching and learning activities in public senior secondary schools.
- Adequate instructional facilities should be provided in all public senior secondary schools in Rivers State because of the inexorable rise in students’ population occasioned by the 9 year unfettered access to education in primary and junior secondary schools in Nigeria.
- Supervisors should be encouraged and motivated by the stakeholders, Government and Non-governmental organisations to enable them visits schools to supervise teachers.
- Supervisory Personnel at the local and national levels should take their responsibilities seriously by engaging on educational activities that could enhance their skills. These include, among others, strategic seminars, workshops, regular visits and exchange programmes pursuit of higher educational qualification. This will help to increase the effects of supervision.

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