The Impact Of Effective Planning On Teaching And Learning Process
The Impact Of Effective Planning On Teaching And Learning Process
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the study
Planning in the context of education entails the process of setting objectives and determining the means to achieving the objectives. It entails deciding in advance what to be taught how, to teach, when to teach, who is be taught, and the evaluation of recipient.
Planning is the beginning of teaching and learning process, before a teacher goes to the class to deliver any lesson, he plans such lessons while education administrators make policy and plan the curriculum for the school to implement them.
Through planning for a lesson makes the teaching-learning encounter valuable and productive impact. Conversely, no planning leads to a wasteful and unproductive lesson. The motion pervades education at all levels and in all subject areas (Egbe, 2008).
There appears to be widespread agreement not only on the value of planning, but also on the substance and format of plans. The plan that enlisted universal acceptance contains the purposes, experiences and their organization and evaluation.
If a lesson is to be effective, the teacher needs to make decision in these areas before the lesson. He needs to identify the objectives he intends to develop, the knowledge or subject-matter, objectives as well as the process and effective objectives. He needs to select and organize students learning experience that will develop the objective. He needs to make decision about activities to be used, materials to be gathered, amount of time to be spent, and other matters. Finally, he needs to decide what method or instrument to use to determine whether the teaching accomplished the objective of the lesson.
The notion that effective planning will give direction to teaching and result in worthwhile efficient learning has considerable logical validity. It would seem that careful, detailed planning concerning purposes, experiences and evaluation would result in useful and appropriate teacher behavior in the classroom. But is this assumption valid?
Does planning increase the effectiveness of teaching and learning?
It is against this background that the researcher deemed the subject matter.
The impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process worthy of investigation.
1.2 Statement of problem
The state of teaching is fast deteriorating in primary school in Chikun Local Government Area. Consequently, pupils become disenchanted and apathetic toward learning.
As such it becomes imperative to reappraise the impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The main pedagogical problems to consider is: Does effective planning have a beneficial effect on teaching and learning?
Hence, the subject matter of this research the impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process becomes an empirical problem worthy of investigation.
1.3 Objectives of the study
The main objective of the study is to examine the impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
The specific objectives are:
- To examine the beneficial effect of planning on teaching.
- To evaluate how planning affect learning.
- To identify the problems militating against planning in schools in the area of the study.
- To proffer possible solutions to the identified problems affecting effective planning in schools in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State.
1.4 Research Questions
- What are the beneficial effect of planning on teaching?
- How does planning affects learning?
- What are the problems militating against planning in schools?
- What are the possible solutions to this problems?
1.5 Significance of the study
The study will be useful to schools in Chikun Local Government Areas in particular and other schools in Kaduna and indeed Nigeria. Especially as they utilize the findings of this study as a basis for lesson, planning, administrative planning and general planning of school management. The study will be a good reference material for students, scholars and individuals undertaking similar research. It can be used as a spring board to undertake their own research.
1.6 Basic Assumptions
- Planning enhances teaching and learning in primary schools in Chikun Local Government Area.
- Planning give direction to teachers in Chikun Local Government Area.
- Planning lead to the actualization of the educational objective of Chikun Local Government Area.
- Education planning in school is confronted with problems of inadequate data and skilled personnel in Chikun Local Government Area from twelve selected primary schools with a total population of 211 respondents using the Crusious (2001) sample size technique which advocate for ten percent of the total population as the appropriate sample size.
1.7 Scope and Limitation of the study
The study covers an examination of the impact of planning on teaching and learning process in twelve selected primary schools from in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. To this end, the study examines the beneficial effect of planning on teaching as well as learning. The study equally identify the problems militating against effective planning in schools in Chikun Local Government Area as well as making recommendation to the barriers to effective planning’s in schools.
Study covers a time from 2011 to 2012 being the timeframe for this study.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Planning:
The process of setting objectives and the means to attain educational goals.
Curriculum:
Sequence of teaching and learning in form of plans and intentions.
Lesson plan:
Setting specific objective in order to effectively teach what is in a scheme of work.
Policy:
Framework formulated in order to actualized educational attainment in a state.
Forcast:
Projection into future goal attainment in school.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
This study examines the impact of effective planning on teaching and learning process in Chikun Local government Area of Kaduna State . The main objective of the research is to examine the beneficial effect of planning on teaching. To evaluate how planning affect learning. To identify the problems militating against planning in schools in the area of the study.
And to proffer possible solutions to the identified problems affecting effective planning in schools in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Out of the entire teachers in primary schools selected a total population of 2112 teachers, 211 were selected using the Crucious (2001) method.
Questionnaire constitutes the main instrument of data collection. The mean scores was used to analyse data. The analysis indicates that: Planning provides a more rational, efficient and timely information required to impart knowledge as well as aid coordination of students. Planning equally provides an optimal means of actualizing a long term objective of school as well as policy framework education. Planning also provides direction and a sense of purpose for teaching. Planning facilitate control and monitoring of the execution of curriculum and scheme of work use in teaching. Planning also enhances teaching and learning by establishing set standards to be followed by teachers. Planning equally provides for effective utilization of human and material resources used in imparting knowledge in school as well as providing a direction for teaching and learning. Planning is constraint with problems of lack of commitment to planning as well as shortage of skilled personnel and material resources. Planning is equally constraint with problems arising from inaccurate data as well as poor implementation. The problems of planning can be overcome by embarking on periodic training of staff on the rudiment of planning as well as building a good information system and database that can be accessed for planning setting up monitoring team that would always evaluate planning as well as providing the required material that will enhance planning.
5.2 Conclusion
Based on the research finding, it is concluded that, planning enhances teaching and learning process in Chikun Local Government Area of Kaduna State include: Planning equally provides an optimal means of actualizing a long term objective of school as well as policy framework education. Planning also provides direction and a sense of purpose for teaching. Planning facilitate control and monitoring of the execution of curriculum and scheme of work use in teaching. Planning also enhances teaching and learning by establishing set standards to be followed by teachers. Planning equally provides for effective utilization of human and material resources used in imparting knowledge in school as well as providing a direction for teaching and learning. Planning is constraint with problems of lack of commitment to planning as well as shortage of skilled personnel and material resources. Planning is equally constraint with problems arising from inaccurate data as well as poor implementation. The problems of planning can be overcome by embarking on periodic training of staff on the rudiment of planning as well as building a good information system and database that can be accessed for planning setting up monitoring team that would always evaluate planning as well as providing the required material that will enhance planning. Other problems arise from interdependence on one another which lead to laxity on the part of some teacher and the problem of accountability.
5.3 Recommendations
The following recommendations are made based on the research findings so as to facilitate the impact of effective planning on Teaching and Learning process:
- Teachers in Chikun Local Government Area should be train periodically on the rudiments of educational planning and management. This will facilitates effective teaching and learning in no small ways.
- Government should ensure that schools adhere strictly to National Educational Curriculum and scheme of work in order to facilitate the actualization of National Educational plans and policy.
- Head teachers in schools should ensure that lesson note as well as lesson plan should be use in teaching. This will foster learning in the right way.
- Schools should have objectives and mission statement that will guide their operation. This will enhance the right sense of direction and purpose.
- Lastly government should increase teacher’s incentive using monitory and non monitory motivational scheme that would motivate teachers to teach in accordance to National guideline as well as actualize the objectives of their school. This will enhance teaching and learning in no small ways.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the role of planning in teaching and learning process?
Planning is the beginning of teaching and learning process, before a teacher goes to the class to deliver any lesson, he plans such lessons while education administrators make policy and plan the curriculum for the school to implement them. Through planning for a lesson makes the teaching-learning encounter valuable and productive impact.
Does effective planning give direction to teaching?
The notion that effective planning will give direction to teaching and result in worthwhile efficient learning has considerable logical validity. It would seem that careful, detailed planning concerning purposes, experiences and evaluation would result in useful and appropriate teacher behavior in the classroom.
How can a teacher make effective lesson planning decisions?
If a lesson is to be effective, the teacher needs to make decision in these areas before the lesson. He needs to identify the objectives he intends to develop, the knowledge or subject-matter, objectives as well as the process and effective objectives. He needs to select and organize students learning experience that will develop the objective.
What is the importance of course plan in teaching and learning?
In education, a well-worked out course/lesson plan will act as a core of teaching-learning process. It answers all the necessary questions and provides sufficient support to the teacher so that the teaching becomes smooth and easy.
