Exploring The Role Of Corruption And Insecurity On The Development Of Nigeria From 2015-2023

Exploring The Role Of Corruption And Insecurity On The Development Of Nigeria From 2015-2023
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. The study was carried out to assess the causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, assess the causes of insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, ascertain the impact of of corruption on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, and ascertain the impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprised of staff of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Lagos State, Nigeria. In determining the sample size, the researcher purposefully selected 147 respondents and 141 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses was tested Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: greed, poverty, higher levels of market and political monopolization, higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures. Furthermore, the study revealed that the impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: discouraged local and foreign investments, inadequate and decayed social and physical infrastructure, innumerable destruction of lives and properties, and hindered and encumbered business activities. Therefore, it is recommended that punitive penalties that will serve as a deterrent to corrupt acts should be meted out to offenders. Penalties should be commensurate with the offences while any form of plea bargain or option of time should be abolished in any prosecution. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Corruption and insecurity have been identified as the main obstacles to growth, particularly in third-world nations. Greed is a factor in the corruption of powerful individuals. The majority of people believe that the resources available in these countries have the capacity to ensure that every member of the community has access to their fundamental needs of life, therefore his viewpoint tends to be more widely supported (Zubairu, 2020).
According to Okenna (2020) our very individualistic, materialistic society, which emphasises individuals’ struggles to amass as much riches as they can without regard to how much wealth was earned, is largely to blame for corruption. Because of this circumstance, some people and groups of people have turned to unlawful and antisocial tactics of accumulating riches. The threats that corruption presents to the fabric of society are serious. He maintains that since the country gained independence in 1960, successive administrations have struggled to develop and carry out policies that will help this nation rid itself of corruption.
The main cause of poverty, according to Olivia (2022) the poor in Nigeria, is insecurity; nevertheless, they do not necessarily associate poverty with armed conflict. They contend that due to the government’s inability to provide its citizens with basic infrastructure and services, new conflicts have arisen as a result of politicised agents using the plight of the impoverished to address the reactions or lack thereof of the state to the citizen’s lawful education..
For the purposes of this study, insecurity is defined as any breach of peace and security, regardless of its historical, religious, ethno-regional, civil, social, economic, or political roots. Over the past year, Nigeria has experienced recurring conflicts that have resulted in willful destruction, the loss of life, and damage to property. Corruption and insecurity have been identified as the main obstacles to growth, particularly in third-world nations. Greed is a factor in the corruption of powerful individuals. The majority of people believe that the resources available in these countries have the capacity to ensure that every member of the community has access to their fundamental needs of life, therefore his viewpoint tends to be more widely supported (Ezeala and Nzewi, 2018).
Our very individualistic, materialistic society, which emphasises individuals’ struggles to amass as much riches as they can without regard to how much wealth was earned, is largely to blame for corruption. Because of this circumstance, some people and groups of people have turned to unlawful and antisocial tactics of accumulating riches.
The threats that corruption presents to the fabric of society are serious. He maintains that since the country gained independence in 1960, successive administrations have struggled to develop and carry out policies that will help this nation rid itself of corruption.
The main cause of poverty, according to the poor in Nigeria, is insecurity; nevertheless, they do not necessarily associate poverty with armed conflict. They contend that due to the government’s inability to provide basic infrastructure and services for its citizens, new conflicts have arisen as a result of politicised agents who have used the plight of the poor to address the responses—or lack thereof—of the state to the citizenry’s legal education (Ibrahim and Aliyu, 2019).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
All over the world, the perception of corruption and insecurity especially in public places is very high. This is because, corruption and insecurity undermines every aspect of national development among which are, political development, economic development, social development and so on.
Specifically, the high rate of corruption and insecurity in the post independence period in Nigeria is noticeable in various governments (civil & military) occasioned by mismanagement and misappropriation of fund, lack of transparency and accountability, arbitrary award and inflation of contracts, embezzlement, bribery, diversion of fund and so on. The effect of these corruption and insecurity over the years on Nigeria’s national development especially in the fourth republic cannot be overemphasized. As would be argued in this discourse, the high incidence of financial corruption in governance and insecurities since the post colonial Nigeria in general and fourth republic in particular (1999 till date), is hinged on lack of good governance and inept leadership, lack of rule of law and so on. This is why the country has been variously rated by some international organizations as not only among the most corrupt nations of the world, and has also been perceived as one of the top most failing states in Africa as noticeable in the high rate of poverty, dearth of infrastructure, prevalence of criminality, insurgency, youth restiveness among others. In view of the aforementioned, this study seek to explore the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The central objective of the study is to examine exploring the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. The specific objectives are:
- Assess the causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023
- Assess the causes of insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023
- Ascertain the impact of of corruption on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023
- Ascertain the impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023.
1.4 Research Questions
In order to effectively investigate the problem of this research, the researcher formulated the following research questions:
- What are the causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023?
- What are the causes of insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023?
- What are the impact of of corruption on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023?
- What are the impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Corruption and insecurity has no negative impact on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023.
- Ha: Corruption and insecurity has a negative impact on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is an academic masterpiece principally concerned with the critical assessment of the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. The study will enlighten the public and concerned stakeholders on the level of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria, the forms, causes and implications of corruption and insecurities in Nigeria. In addition, this study will proffer implementable solution to the menace of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this study boarders on the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. Hence the study will be delimited to Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Corruption:
This is as a form of unethical behavioural by someone occupying a position of trust with the motive of personal gratification.
1.10 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows.
- Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
- Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
- Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
- Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
- Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the role of corruption and insecurity on the development of Nigeria from 2015-2023. The study specifically was aimed to assess the causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, assess the causes of insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, ascertain the impact of of corruption on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023, and ascertain the impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents are staff of Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Lagos State, Nigeria.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion.
- The causes of corruption in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: greed, poverty, higher levels of market and political monopolization, higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
- The causes of insecurity in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: societal and religious conflict, political based, and unemployment.
- The impact of of corruption on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: bad governance, poor service delivery, inadequate infrastructural amenities, and brain drain.
- The impact of of insecurity on National development in Nigeria from 2015 – 2023 includes: discouraged local and foreign investments, inadequate and decayed social and physical infrastructure, innumerable destruction of lives and properties, and hindered and encumbered business activities.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- The various anti-corruption agencies should be strengthened, wellfunded and given that real autonomy to function. The EFCC and ICPC should be merged to avoid duplication of functions and ensure more effectiveness.
- The government should refrain from any form of interferences in corruption investigation and prosecution, irrespective of the offenders’ status and connection.
- Punitive penalties that will serve as a deterrent to corrupt acts should be meted out to offenders. Penalties should be commensurate with the offences while any form of plea bargain or option of time should be abolished in any prosecution. The supreme price should be considered in some serious cases.
- Public servants should be adequately motivated in terms of remunerations, training and pension/gratuities benefits. It is a major reason for corruption i.e. uncertainly about the future.
- The judiciary needs to be reformed too to clear it of the bad eggs who sell justice to the highest bidder and the unnecessary adjournments that have characterised it of government. Otherwise, a special court for the anti- ?graft agencies should be considered.

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