Ethics: The Effect Of Technology On The Youth, Their Moral Values And Education

Ethics: The Effect Of Technology On The Youth, Their Moral Values And Education
Abstract
The Joint Admission matriculation board (JAMB) is the Nigerian entrance examination board for tertiary level institutions. The main purpose of this study is to assess the issues and solutions associated with private computer based test centers for Jamb examinations. This study was conducted in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 respondents from the population and a questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. A mean score rating method was used for analyses the data based on the 2.5 acceptance region format to answer the research questions. The results showed that the advantages of computer-based test over hand written tests include that CBT enhances students’ academic performance; it eliminates examination malpractices; it encourages hard work; it reduces sorting in the universities and it increases the integrity of the examination body. The centres are easily alienable to exam malpractices, therefore this study advises that the Government should work towards stabilizing electricity supply in Nigeria by encouraging more private partnership in the power business. Government policy on ICTs should be fully implemented and make available adequate fund to enhance the performance of ICT sector as well as reinforced computer curriculum at the primary and secondary school levels to make all students computer-literate. Finally, the provision/procurement of relevant software is strongly recommended if JAMB is to meet global standards.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Through time, technological advancements have posed ethical questions from the issue of cloning to privacy and communication because as much as they make life easier and are indications of what humanity can achieve, they also beg the question “are we losing our humanity”? This issue has poised technology and religion against each other so that it is as though the more one edges towards the areas that depend on the tangible; what can be touched and felt and explained through empiricism, the more one deviates away from that which depends on belief and faith alone. Philosophers like Michel Foucault who are at the forefront of thinking and those at the helm of our present day telecommunications and social networkings like Mark Zukerberg and Bill Gates are all atheists. This buttresses the binary opposition we speak of.
Although it is a given that our generation known as the millenials have gained so much through technological advancements; albeit there have been more innovations within the past five years than there are within the past two thousand years, there are serious humanitarian issues being grappled with as a result of human dependency on these inventions. It is easier now to communicate with people who are miles away all at the same time without needing to take time and think about forming useful physical human relations with others. Young people on a bus no longer communicate with each other as the older generation used to. Against this background, we are setting out to delve into the ethical effects of technology on the youth, their moral values and their education.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The problems generated by technology on the moral values and education of the youth of today abound. A typical millennial is more interested in the opinions of his peers than never before. Social media platforms have initiated a habit of pretense in the circle of life of the youth. It exposes them to the flashness of life so that those who are unable to gain these luxuries at the moment do anything to get them or fake having them thereby making them to live on a pretentious foundation. These social media platforms celebrate people with questionable sources of wealth than those with high moral values. What counts are followers and how many people follow one. Consequently, these uninformed and misinformed young people do everything to stand out including lowering their moral values, dressing extremely indecently. The technological developments that aimed at bringing the world closer and together to connect better has thereby alienated he world especially the youth and the shallow competition we mentioned earlier consequently increase the rate of sexuality among them as sex sells more than anything from the musical videos to their prized TV reality shows where the morally depraved are celebrated. With sex being peddled through technology, pregnancies and STDs are on the rise. Of course, they run to technology to provide them with answers and the online pages on google whose major interest is to draw traffic to their websites suffuse them with the wrong information and education.
This research aims at discussing at length, these ethical questions raised by technological effect on the youth’s moral values and education.
1.3 Research Questions
The research question which has called forth this present work is the inquiry into the ethical effect of technology on the youth generally. They include:
- Does technological advancements effect the youth’s moral values negatively?
- To what extent are these humanitarian issues
- At what point does innovation encroach mortality.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of this research work goes beyond posing the above ethical question to tackling them in a very remarkable, yet, academic way with all the acceptable and methodologies of the domiciled discipline.
In the area of topographical studies and language disciplines, it will directly and indirectly proffer informed solutions as to the problem of how much technology affect language and vice versa. The implication is that legislations upon guiding technology through a better language considerations will have a better backbone. This is a very polarizing issue which has over the centuries catalyzed into crusades and tyrannical inquisitions. So this work aims also at mapping out not only how technology affects the youth ethically but also to design workable guidelines in determining the boundaries between innovation and morality and how the use of these inventions can amount to abuse.
1.5 Significance of the Study
Albeit this work was done under the department of philosophy, it’s significance encompasses the humanities generally, the physical sciences, pharmaceuticals, medical sciences and even the biological sciences. This work is important to those that specialize in parenting guidance and counselling. It will inform them in drafting guidelines for on how to slowly and safely integrate their children and their youth into a technologically ruled world so that they do not lose the morals bequeathed them during their formative years.
1.6 Research Hypothesis
Every research sets out from an assumption that would either be proven to be correct or not. In the case of this one the present writer is taking as a given at this point that technological inventions in all it’s trajectories are affecting the youth’s moral values and education negatively.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The scope of this research work would be determined by two things namely the various categories of technology like social media and the internet generally, pharmaceuticals which includes all the hard drugs that the youth are prone to abuse, movies and what they present and how technology has eased the procurement of those materials so that it their monitoring by the older generation is close to impossible.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
A research problem such as was tackled in this one would require one to sift through a stack of material on previous arguments and counter argument on this polarizing issue. And with the limited time and space one has in the research of this kind, one has to work beyond one’s limits in order to achieve a thorough work within the given time frame.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Ethics
This is the philosophy of morality and behavioral conduct. Especially when it is related to a particular profession. In the last sense, it is the body of rules and regulations that dictate the conduct of practitioners of a particular profession.
Technology
This is a term that in one sweep describes the organized body of knowledge that are used for practical purposes especially in the sense of the ones developed by a particular culture for use.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1 Summary
This study focused on Private Computer Based Test Centers for Jamb Examinations: Issues and Solutions. The study was set to address two objectives which include;
- To determine the problems associated with private computer-based test centers.
- To examine the advantages of computer-based test over hand written tests.
Based on the above stated objectives and the study carried out, the following findings were made:
- That the problems associated with private computer-based test centres include lack of steady internet supply; poor electricity supply; poor security arrangement at the centres; lack of qualified experts to handle computers and that the centres are easily alienable to exam malpractices.
- That the advantages of computer-based test over hand written tests include that CBT enhances students’ academic performance; it eliminates examination malpractices; it encourages hard work; it reduces sorting in the universities and it increases the integrity of the examination body.
5.2 Conclusion
The main purpose of this study was to assess Private Computer Based Test Centers for Jamb Examinations: Issues and Solutions. All the Private CBT operators in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria were selected for the study. Two research questions guided the study.
In this study, a survey research design was adopted, the population comprises all the Private CBT operators in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, a simple random sampling technique was used to select 50 respondents from the population and a questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Relevant literatures were reviewed which guided the objectives and methodology of this study. As result of the field study and analysis of results, the following findings were made:
- That the problems associated with private computer-based test centres include lack of steady internet supply; poor electricity supply; poor security arrangement at the centres; lack of qualified experts to handle computers and that the centres are easily alienable to exam malpractices.
- That the advantages of computer-based test over hand written tests include that CBT enhances students’ academic performance; it eliminates examination malpractices; it encourages hard work; it reduces sorting in the universities and it increases the integrity of the examination body.
5.3 Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:
- One of the findings of this study revealed the problems associated with private computer-based test centres to include lack of steady internet supply; poor electricity supply; poor security arrangement at the centres; lack of qualified experts to handle computers and that the centres are easily alienable to exam malpractices; therefore this study advises that the Government should work towards stabilizing electricity supply in Nigeria by encouraging more private partnership in the power business.
Similarly, NCC should look into the way internet service providers sell data to their customers, i.e. the sell of data should be subsidized, by so doing it will ease e-learning. - Adequate ICT training and awareness should be given to the students and staff prior to the period of e-testing. Secondary school teachers in Nigeria need to be trained on educational technologies as well as trained workers that will install, maintain and support these systems.
- The government should ensure that the national ICT policy objectives are translated into reality and also set up a committee that will be headed by the Minister of Communication Technology to monitor the implementation. The policy should ensure that efforts are been made to distribute computer to state government and selected private schools.
- JAMB should adopt the CBT mode of assessment in their subsequence examination because it curbs examination malpractice, more efficient and solve the problems of delayed or non-release of examinations results. Students should be sensitized about the new mode of assessments. They should be trained and assisted to adapt to the new mode of assessment through orientation, video tutorial, testimonials and lesson from others candidate, conferences, etc.
- JAMB should collaborate with more universities, partner with private IT institutes across the country to provide more centres for students. They should also make ICT training compulsory for their staff.
- Government policy on ICTs should be fully implemented and make available adequate fund to enhance the performance of ICT sector as well as reinforced computer curriculum at the primary and secondary school levels to make all students computer-literate. Finally, the provision/procurement of relevant software is strongly recommended if JAMB is to meet global standards.


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