Empirical Study On Integration Of Modern Technology And Administrative Effectiveness In Public Secondary Schools

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Empirical Study On Integration Of Modern Technology And Administrative Effectiveness In Public Secondary Schools

Abstract

This study was carried out to examine empirical study on integration of modern technology and administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools using Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to find out whether there is an adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools, ascertain whether the use of modern technology enhances principals’ effectiveness in carrying out their administrative role in public secondary school, determine the extent lack of modern technology affects of principals administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools, and find out the factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of principals in some selected public senior secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 57 respondents and 50 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that there is no adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State. The study also revealed that the factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State includes: inadequate availability of finance, teacher’s lack of technological skills, students poor exposure to technology, and epileptic power supply. Therefore, it is recommended that the State Government or its agency supervising secondary schools should show more interest in imbibing information communication technology (ICT) and in supplying the necessary ICT facilities to secondary schools in urban and rural locations. To mention but a few.

Table of Content

  • Title Page
  • Certification
  • Dedication
  • Acknowledgement
  • Table of Content
  • List of Tables
  • Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

  • 1.1 Background of the Study
  • 1.2 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.3 Objective of the Study
  • 1.4 Research Questions
  • 1.5 Research Hypothesis
  • 1.6 Significance of the Study
  • 1.7 Scope of the Study
  • 1.8 Limitation of the Study
  • 1.9 Definition of Terms
  • 1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

  • 2.1 Conceptual Framework
  • 2.2 Theoretical Framework
  • 2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

  • 3.1 Research Design
  • 3.2 Population of the Study
  • 3.3 Sample Size Determination
  • 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
  • 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
  • 3.6 Method of Data Collection
  • 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
  • 3.8 Validity of the Study
  • 3.9 Reliability of the Study
  • 3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

  • 4.1 Data Presentation
  • 4.2 Analysis of Data
  • 4.3 Answering Research Questions
  • 4.4 Test of Hypotheses

Chapter Five:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

  • 5.1 Summary
  • 5.2 Conclusion
  • 5.3 Recommendation
  • References
  • APPENDIX
  • QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

Education is basically the totality of the teaching and learning process which usually takes place at home, school, college or university (Mbu 2017). In every society, the growth and development rallies on the level of educational advancement in all aspects involved in the practice. This may be in the use of modern technologies, quality and quantity of staff, use of instructional materials, supervision, pedagogies, environment class size ratio, staff welfare and incentives, political instability, funding, diversion, poor communication, etc Udechukwu, Ukegbu and Obih (2017).

A typical secondary school in Nigeria is made up of an educational administrator known as the principal assisted by academic and non-academic staff, as well as students in levels 1-3 of the Junior Secondary School and or 1-3 in Senior Secondary School. Educational qualification, experience and leadership behaviour go a long way in assisting the Principal in his job as administrator, but there are some challenges that can make or mar his efforts at achieving the set goals of the educational system. They include: unreliable data, Shortage of skilled manpower, poor funding, inconsistent educational policies, unstable curriculum, student indiscipline, low application of modern technology, industrial crisis by teachers, and cult activities amongst others.

The integration of modern technology can facilitate administration as well as teaching and learning in the schools. Unfortunately however, many secondary schools in Nigeria are finding it difficult to set up a functioning and well equipped modern technology centre. Apart from lack of these physical facilities, lack of adequate skilled manpower to man the modern technology has been another major problem. The most disturbing aspect of modern technology is the negative use of handsets by students which include: watching of blue films during and after school hours, night calls and examination malpractices amongst others. All these activities seem to be encouraging students’ indiscipline.

Secondary schools are administered by principals who are accountable to the authorities that appointed them. As principals, they are expected to perform administrative functions including: planning, organizing, supervising, staffing, evaluating, coordinating, leadership and purchasing and maintenance of instructional materials, equipment and facilities. Principals are also expected to manage the school finances and accounts and to maintain staff and student discipline and welfare. The effectiveness of the principals, as administrators of their schools, depends on the extent to which they perform the above administrative functions effectively. Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization (school) achieves a stated objective using available human and material resources. The indicators of administrative effectiveness include high productivity, morale (high motivation) turnover rate of teachers, degree of integration, maximization of individual potentialities, maximum utilization of available resources and value contribution to the society (Uzoigwe, 2013). Furthermore, the All Nigeria Conference of Principals of Secondary Schools (ANCOPSS) in 2004, cited by Uzoigwe (2013) also listed indicators of an effectively administered secondary school which include disciplined staff and students, students and teachers staying in school for classes during school hours, drastically reduced examination malpractice, high performance in junior or senior secondary school certificate examinations, exemplary leadership by the principal, clean school environment and parents rush for admission of their children into the schools. It is important that secondary school principals are effective in the discharge of their duties because principals determine to a great extent, the realization of the goals of secondary education.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The secondary school is an open system that is in constant interaction with the environment. It receives inputs from the external environment, in the form of human and material resources, processes them and empties same into the environment (Okon, Ekaette and Ameh, 2015). These make the administrative functions of the principals really complex. The functions of the principals’ include decision-making, planning, communication influencing, coordinating and evaluation in the areas of curriculum development, instructional supervision, staff and student personnel administration, guidance, finance, community relations, construction and maintenance of facilities and special services (Selwood, 2005; Adeyemi and Olaleye, 2010). Secondary schools in Nigeria have become complex to administer. There are concomitant management demands being exerted on the principal, especially in this modern technology era. The enormous rise in the number of students in schools as well as the numerous programmes coupled with the complexity of administering a given secondary school has made school principals to handle large volumes of data which they must process quickly (Asiabaka, 2010). This complexity calls for the use of sophisticated equipment and facilities such as modern technology for processing data in schools (Adewole, 2016). Studies on the impact of modern technology on principals’ administrative effectiveness in secondary schools have been conducted by Andoh (2012), Oyedami (2015), Manduku, Kosgey and Sang (2012), Oguta, Egesa and Musiega (2014), Al-Sharya (2012), Okon, Ekaette and Ameh (2015), Adewole (2016); Etuclor-Eyo, Ante and Emah (2012), Kukali, Kawasonga and Rabari (2018), Makewa, Moremo, Role and Role (2013). Positive impact of modern technology usage on administrative effectiveness is seen in many areas of school administration notably in student personnel, financial and general administration and instructional supervision.

Specifically, the use of modern technology in secondary schools was said to bring about improved communication, improved record preparation and keeping, easier sourcing- of information, effective registration of students for Senior Secondary Certificate Examinations, faster analysis of examination results, enhanced financial accountability and easier preparation of budget and financial documents, among other impacts of modern technology usage. This goes to show that the use of modern technology tools in the administration of secondary schools is imperative for principals and vice principals of schools. It has however been observed that in many government or public secondary schools in Nigeria, modern technology tools are hardly available and rarely used to make school administration effective. It is against this background that this study intended to examine the impact of information communication technology on educational administrators in senior secondary school.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to examine on the empirical study on integration of modern technology and administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools using Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State as a case study. Other specific objectives are to:

  1. Find out whether there is an adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.
  2. Ascertain whether the use of modern technology enhances principals’ effectiveness in carrying out their administrative role in public secondary school.
  3. Determine the extent lack of modern technology affects of principals administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.
  4. Find out the factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions were answered in the study:

  1. Is there an adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State?
  2. Does the use of modern technology enhances principals’ effectiveness in carrying out their administrative role in public secondary school?
  3. What is the extent lack of modern technology affects of principals administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State?
  4. What are the factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

  • Ho: There is no significant relationship between modern technology usage and principals’ administrative effectiveness in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State public secondary school.
  • Ha: There is a significant relationship between modern technology usage and principals’ administrative effectiveness in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State public secondary school.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study would be of immense use to school administrators, teachers, bursars/accountants in the public secondary schools in Imo State. The official in the ministry of Education and its agencies would also benefit. They would be sensitized on the imperative of having a virile computer centre in each school, manned competent hands. They would therefore be compelled to make money available for this purpose. The principals would recognize the fact that effective school administration cannot be achieved without the usage of ICT in general, and record keeping and communication particular.

The study’s findings and conclusions would provide useful hints to principals and school accountants, on how to keep financial records and to retrieve them when needed. The findings of the study would help the teachers to keep and access students’ academic records as and when due.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on empirical study on integration of modern technology and administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools. The study will be delimited to some selected public secondary schools Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.

1.8 Limitations of the Study

In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study.

Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.

1.9 Definition of Terms

ICT:

Information communications technology

Administrative Effectiveness:

The positive response to administrative efforts and actions with. the intention to accomplish stated goals.

Educational Administrators:

These are school principals who are charged with the administrative roles in secondary schools.

1.10 Organization of the Studies

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the findings on empirical study on integration of modern technology and administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools using Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.

5.2 Summary of the Study

In this study, our focus was to examine empirical study on integration of modern technology and administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools using Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State as a case study. The study was specifically carried out to find out whether there is an adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools, ascertain whether the use of modern technology enhances principals’ effectiveness in carrying out their administrative role in public secondary school, determine the extent lack of modern technology affects of principals administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools, and find out the factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.

The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 50 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were principals in some selected public senior secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.

5.3 Conclusions

Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;

  1. There is no adequate adoption of modern technology to aid the execution of administrative roles in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State.
  2. The use of modern technology enhances principals’ effectiveness in carrying out their administrative role in public secondary school.
  3. The extent lack of modern technology affects of principals administrative effectiveness in public secondary schools in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State is high.
  4. The factors affecting the integration of modern technology in public secondary school in Eleme Local Government Area Rivers State includes: inadequate availability of finance, teacher’s lack of technological skills, students poor exposure to technology, and epileptic power supply.

5.4 Recommendation

Based on the findings the researcher recommends that;

  1. The State Government or its agency supervising secondary schools should show more interest in imbibing information communication technology (ICT) and in supplying the necessary ICT facilities to secondary schools in urban and rural locations.
  2. Government should also improve on the level of training of principals, teachers as computer and other ICT personnel through induction courses, refreshers courses, seminars and workshops.
  3. Principals and vice principals should also show more interest in the use of ICT for the administration of their schools.
  4. The State Government should try to provide electricity generating sets to all secondary schools in order to reduce impact of the intermittent supply of pubic electricity supply.
  5. Government should provide well-equipped dedicated classrooms in all schools for use at computer centres.
  6. Skilled manpower should be consulted to teach principals and staff who are still illiterate in ICT.
  7. The packages that accompany computers should be provided by the government, individuals and non-governmental organizations to schools.
  8. The Federal Government and the State Governments should increase the funding of education in line with the UNESCO standard of 26% allocation of national or state budgets to education.

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