Effects Of Electronic Accounting On The Corporate Performance Of Organizations
Effects Of Electronic Accounting On The Corporate Performance Of Organizations
Abstract
This research work appraised “The effect of electronic accounting in the corporate performance of an organization. (a study of abbot resources Enugu)”. The objective of this study includes the following: to identify the effect of electronic accounting on the account receivables of an organization, to examine the extent to which electronic accounting have impact on account payables of an organization. For a successful completion of this research work, the researcher made use of both primary and secondary methods of data collection for information gathering. Primary data were collected through questionnaire administration, oral interview, and personal observations. Secondary data were collected through periodicals and journals, textbooks and lecture note books, and also the Internet. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed with simple percentage while the hypotheses stated were tested with chi square. The researcher found out that electronic accounting has significant effect on the account receivables of an organization, electronic accounting has impact on financial reporting of an organization.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Accounting according to Adebiyi, (2010:12) is the measurement, processing and communication of financial information about economic entities. Accounting, which has been called the “language of business”, measures the results of an organization’s economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of users including investors, creditors, management, and regulators (Agbasi, 2008:43).
Anunolam (2006:88) defined accounting as the systematic and comprehensive recording of financial transactions pertaining to a business. Accounting also refers to the process of summarizing, analyzing and reporting these transactions. The financial statements that summarize a large company’s operations, financial position and cash flows over a particular period are a concise summary of hundreds of thousands of financial transactions it may have entered into over this period.
Accounting is one of the key functions for almost any business; it may be handled by a bookkeeper and accountant at small firms or by sizeable finance departments with dozens of employees at larger companies.
Dreytus, (2009: 12) is of the view that the reports generated by various streams of accounting, such as cost accounting and management accounting, are invaluable in helping management make informed decisions. While basic accounting functions can be handled by a bookkeeper, advanced accounting is handled by qualified accountants who possess designations such as lCAN (Institute of Chartered Accountants). All accounting designations are the culmination of years of study and rigorous examinations, combined with a minimum number of years-of practical accounting experience.
Electronic accounting according to Eze, (2010:21) is the application of’ online and internet technologies to the business accounting function. Similar to e-mail being an electronic versi on of traditional mail, electronic accounting is electronic enablement of lawful accounting and traceable accounting processes which were traditionally manual and paper-based.
Nweze (2008:56) opined that electronic accounting involves performing regular accounting functions, accounting research and the accounting training and education through various computer based /internet based accounting tools such-as digital tool kits, various internet resources, international web-based materials institute and company databases which are internet based, web links, internet based accounting software and electronic financial spreadsheet tools to provide efficient decision making.
Electronic accounting improve the corporate performance of organizations by enhancing its diverse accounting activities such as associated with accounts payable, accounts receivable, financial reporting and bank and account reconciliations. The above variables are the dependent variables which this study is meant to establish a relationship with the independent variable (electronic accounting).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Using electronic accounting system comes with its own set of problems, such as the need to protect against data loss through power failure or viruses, and the danger of hackers stealing data. This can alter information on both accounts payables and receivables of an organization thereby affecting its overall performance.
Computer fraud is also a concern and situations where there are no systems of control to monitor access to accounting information can go to a great extent in affecting diverse activities of the organization. It could lead to wrong financial reporting or even poor bank and account reconciliations.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to appraise the effect of electronic accounting.
The specific objectives include the following:
- To identify the effect of electronic accounting on the account receivables-of an organization.
- To examine the extent to which electronic accounting have impact on account payables of an organization.
- To determine how electronic accounting impacts on financial reporting of an organization.
- To examine the effect of electronic accounting on bank and account reconciliations of organizations.
1.4 Research Hypotheses
For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;
- H0: Electronic accounting does not have significant effect on the account receivables of an organization.
H1: Electronic accounting does have significant effect on the account receivables of an organization. - H02: Electronic accounting does not have impact on account payables of an organization.
H2: Electronic accounting does have impact on account payables of an organization.
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study will be of enormous significance especially to the management and staff of Abbot Resources Enugu as it will enlighten them on the diverse roles of electronic accounting in enhancing organizational performance.
The recommendations of this study will suggest for other firms on the strategies or diverse electronic accounting tools to promote organizational performance.
The general public will not just be enlightened on the concept of electronic accounting but will be made to understand how to apply its tools in their diverse businesses for enhanced performance. Students and other researchers will widen their scope from the information contained in this study.
1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study covered electronic accounting in the corporate performance of organizations. It focused on Abbot Resources, Enugu. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;
a) Availability of Research Material:
The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
b) Time:
The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
c) Organizational Privacy:
Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities
1.7 Definition of Terms
Electronic Accounting:
This is the application of online and internet technologies to the business accounting function.
Account Pay Able:
This is an accounting entry that represents an entity’s obligation to payoff a short-term debt to its creditors.
Account Receivables:
Money owed by customers (individuals or corporations) to another entity in exchange for goods or services that have been delivered or used, but not yet paid for.
Profitability:
This is used primarily to describe any ongoing process is which a good or a service would produce more benefits than consequences.
Financial Reporting:
This is the process of producing the reports, called statements that disclose an organization’s financial status to management, investors and the government.
Performance:
The accomplishment of a given task measured against present known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed.
1.8 Organization of the Study
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
- Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study.
- Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature.
- Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study.
- Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.
- Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain effect of electronic accounting on the corporate performance of organization
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of effect of electronic accounting on the corporate performance of organization
5.2 Summary
This study was on effect of electronic accounting on the corporate performance of organization. Four objectives were raised which included:To identify the effect of electronic accounting on the account receivables-of an organization, to examine the extent to which electronic accounting have impact on account payables of an organization, to determine how electronic accounting impacts on financial reporting of an organization, to examine the effect of electronic accounting on bank and account reconciliations of organizations. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of Abbot Resources, Enugu. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up managers, human resource managers, senior staff and junior staff was used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
5.3 Conclusion
This was done by collecting and analysing relevant data for the study. In addition, the results obtained were presented and discussed accordingly. However, the following conclusions were drawn from the results: Indicators of owner/manager characteristics’ are not all significant in the implementation of e-Accounting system. Indicators not significant to the implementation of e-Accounting system include; Owner/manager age, educational attainment, academic training, ICT knowledge, financial accounting knowledge and management accounting knowledge. For instance, owner/manager age was not significant. However, higher age ranges of owner/manager are increasingly influential in the use e-Accounting system. This is against the expectation that younger age groups are more assertive to the use of ICTs than older age groups.
5.4 Recommendation
e-Accounting system developer should take advantage of MSEs geographical concentration in providing an indigenous, affordable e-Accounting system that allows for multi-user access and multi preference specifications deployable to MSEs. The role of the system developer is also not expected to be limited to the supply of the indigenous e-Accounting infrastructure but should encompass the provision of consultancy services during the implementation and post-implementation process. Professional accounting bodies like Institute of Chartered Accountant of Nigeria (ICAN) and Association of National Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN) should provide platforms that provide affordable support systems in which MSEs can network and form strategic alliance in exchanging ideas whilst providing solutions to challenges in infusing accounting standards with e-Accounting systems
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