Effectiveness Of Information Communication Technology On Teaching And Learning

Effectiveness Of Information Communication Technology On Teaching And Learning

Abstract

This project research was aimed at examining the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning, case study on basic technology in Edo State. A structured questionnaire tagged “ICT needs and competence level of Basic Technology teachers in Edo State” was used to gather data on the study. The target population for the study was Basic Technology teachers in Edo State. One hundred (100) teachers were randomly selected from public and private schools in Ilorin metropolis. In this study teacher ICT needs and competency level was investigated based on the responses towards; needed ICT skills, teachers’ level of ICT competency, the level of ICT use as well challenges faced by teachers in the Use of ICT. The research questions were analyzed with frequency count and percentage while the research hypothesis one was tested and analyzed with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study concluded that Basic Technology teachers in Edo State are aware they need to be ICT literate to effectively teach their subject. Findings also revealed that the teachers have higher competence level in the use of ICT for Instructional purposes. Government and curriculum developers should make available, suitable educational software by seeking the assistance of software developers. However, this software should be affordable or be free for school use. Government and curriculum developers should make available, suitable educational software by seeking the assistance of software developers. However, this software should be affordable or be free for school use.

Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 Background to the Study

Nigeria like other developing countries is still in the initial stages of integrating ICT in teaching and learning process in the education sector. Though it is limited by a number of barriers, there are many factors influencing the use of ICT to make teaching and learning effective in schools of learning in Nigeria. ICT is an electronic means of capturing, processing, storing, communicating information. The use of ICT in the classroom teaching and learning is very important for it provides opportunities for teachers and students to operate, store, manipulate, and retrieve information, encourage independent and active learning, and self-responsibility for learning such as distance learning, motivate teachers and students to continue using learning outside school hours, plan and prepare lessons and design materials such as course content delivery and facilitate sharing of resources, expertise and advice. This versatile instrument has the capability not only of engaging students in instructional activities to increase their learning, but of helping them to solve complex problems to enhance their cognitive skills (Jonnasen & Reeves, 1996). Pernia (2008) defines ICT as technologies used to communicate in order to create, manage and distribute information. She adds that a broad definition of ICTs includes computers, the internet, telephone, television, radio and audio-visual equipment. She further explains that ICT is any device and application used to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information and knowledge. Digital technology is included in this definition as services and applications used for communication and information processing functions associated with these devices.

Generally, three objectives are distinguished for the use of ICT in education (Plomp et al, 1996):

1. The use of ICT as object of study; refers to learning about ICT, which enables students to use ICT in their daily life.
2. The use of ICT as aspect of discipline or profession; refers to the development of ICT skills for professional or vocational purposes.
3. The use of ICT as medium for teaching and learning; focuses on the use of ICT for the enhancement of the teaching and learning process Drent & Meelissen, 2007).

It is a fact that teachers are at the centre of curriculum change and they control the teaching and learning process. Therefore, they must be able to prepare young people for the society in which the competency to use ICT to acquire and process information is very important. Several studies argue that the use of new technologies in the classroom is essential for providing opportunities for students to learn to operate in an information age. It is evident, Yelland (2001) as argued that traditional educational environments do not seem to be suitable for preparing learners to function or be productive in the workplaces of today’s society. She claimed that organizations that do not incorporate the use of new technologies in institutions cannot seriously claim to prepare their students for life in the twenty-first century. This argument is supported by Grimus [2000], who pointed out that “by teaching ICT skills in educational institutions the students are prepared to face future developments based on proper understanding” (p. 362).

ICT originally is applied to serve as a means of improving efficiency in the educational process. Furthermore, it has been shown that the use of ICT in education can help improve memory retention, increase motivation and generally deepens understanding [Dede, 1998)]. ICT can also be used to promote collaborative learning, including role playing, group problem solving activities and articulated projects [Forcheri & Molfino, 2000]. ICT allow the establishment of rich networks of interconnections and relations between individuals. Some authors maintain that technology has the power to change the ways students learn and professors teach [Kozma, 1999]. However, the effectiveness of ICT despite all the accrued benefits needs proper studies especially in developing countries like Nigeria where a lot of factors is still militating against the use of ICT.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Basic Technology as a subject has been affected by ICTs, which have undoubtedly affected the teaching and learning of the subject (Yusuf, 2005). A great deal of research has proven the benefits to the quality of teaching and learning (Al-Ansari, 2006). ICTs have the potential to innovate, accelerate, enrich, and deepen skills, to motivate and engage students, to help relate school experience to work practices, create economic viability for tomorrow’s workers, as well as strengthening teaching and helping schools change (Davis and Tearle, 1999;). However, this research will examine the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning Basic Technology.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The following are the objectives of this study:

1. To ascertain the level of ICT use on teaching and learning Basic Technology
2. To examine the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning of Basic Technology.
3. To identify the factors limiting the use of ICT in teaching and learning Basic Technology.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What is the level of ICT use on teaching and learning Basic Technology?
2. What is the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning of Basic Technology?
3. What are the factors limiting the use of ICT in teaching and learning Basic Technology?

1.5 Hypotheses

• HO: ICT use is not effective on teaching and learning of Basic Technology.
• HA: ICT use is effective on teaching and learning of Basic Technology.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is centered on the students, teachers, educational planner, administrators, government and the general public. There are a lot of benefits to derive on the effective use of ICT in teaching and learning of Basic Technology.

The findings of the study will encourage teachers and students to develop skills and competencies in ICT technologies for teaching and learning in schools.

Curriculum planners will be made to design curriculum that will implement effective approaches to ICT technology driven education at the 21st century in schools syllabus contents which will improve students’ skills and competencies for employability and self sustainability.

The study will provide improved performance in terms of teaching and learning abilities of teachers and. It will also promote conveniences and flexibility of students through self paced and time, as well as increased access to best quality instructors through sharing of knowledge across borders, via online internet connectivity.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study is on the evaluation of the use of ICT materials in schools with a view of determining if it is effective for teaching and learning Basic technology. Therefore, the study will cover the secondary schools in Edo State while the teacher and students of senior secondary schools will be involved in determining the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning of Basic Technology.

Chapter Five

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Summary

The research was aimed at finding out the effectiveness of ICT on teaching and learning, case study on basic technology. The findings of this research revealed that Basic Technology teachers are effective in the use of ICT for teaching. This is against the report of Kirschner and Selinger (2003) that the vast majority of teachers do not know how to use the computers to promote educational efficiency, and they are not adequately trained to use modern information media. It also confirms the assertion that teachers have developed competence in the use of ICT, thus they can model good use of technology (Idowu, Adagunodo there is no significance difference between male and female basic technology teachers & Popoola, 2003). Thomas and Mart (2006) also reported that there is no considerable difference in computer literacy level of teachers based on their subject specialization. The results of this study also show that ICT use by secondary school teachers is academic qualification specific as confirmed through hypothesis one which state that there is no significance difference between the ICT use and teaching and learning of Basic Technology. The results are in line with the findings of Agbatogun (2010) that teachers’ response to acquiring knowledge, skills and competence in the use of ICT is on the rise with academic qualification. On the other hand, these results disagrees with the findings of Atkins and Vasu (2000) which states that attitude of teachers towards the acquisition of computer literacy skills and usage depreciate as they attain high academic qualifications.

The findings indicated some factors militating in the effective use of ICT for teaching Basic Technology. These barriers as attested to by the teachers included lack of qualified teachers, shortage of computers and other ICT tools in schools, epileptic poor electric power supply, lack of suitable educational software, among others. In summary, it can be deduced that the teachers who are the final instrument in Curriculum implementations have the desired competency in the utilization of ICT for Instructional Purposes. Thus, the proper inculcation of ICT in children’s education should not be neglected so as to bring about effective and productive education of secondary school students.

5.2 Conclusion

This study has discovered that Basic Technology teachers in Edo State are aware they need to be ICT literate to effectively teach their subject. These findings are in accordance with that of Yusuf (2011) which disclosed that teachers are competent in the use of Information and Communication Technology for teaching purposes. There Basic Technology teachers in Edo State have higher competence level in the use of ICT for Instructional purposes.

5.3 Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made:

1. The government (at all levels; Federal, State and Local) should provide adequate ICT facilities in schools. Through this, the problem of insufficient computers and facilities will be minimized.
2. The government should provide frequent professional development programmes for teachers to update themselves of emerging technologies.
3. The government and curriculum developers should make available, suitable educational software by seeking the assistance of software developers. However, this software should be affordable or be free for school use.
4. The teachers’ salary should be restructured to encourage ICT competent teachers to apply for teaching job.
5. The poor electric power supply of the nation should be rectified so as to encourage the use of computer in the school setting. That is, there should be regular supply of electricity in schools.

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