Effect Of Unqualified Teachers Of Computer Science On The Teaching And Learning Of Computer
Effect Of Unqualified Teachers Of Computer Science On The Teaching And Learning Of Computer
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer using some selected secondary schools in Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State as a case study. The study was specifically set to determine whether there is an adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer, investigate the factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer, and determine whether the employment of unqualified teachers affects the effective teaching and learning of computer science. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of computer science students and teachers of the selected secondary schools in Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 200 respondents and 150 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables. While the hypotheses were tested using Pearson Correlation statistical tool, SPSS v23. The result of the findings reveals that there is no adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer. The study also revealed that the factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer includes: inadequate availability of qualified teachers, polities in recruitment process, favouritism, bribing, and inability to pay qualified teachers. Therefore, it is recommended that schools should place more emphasis on the development of teachers qualifications and quality through training, seminars and workshops in order to improve students’ performance. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was introduced into secondary school in Nigeria in recognition of the important role of Computer Science Education (CSE) in expanding knowledge and skills required for optimal functioning in the modern world. “A computer,” according to Vermaat (2008), “is an electrical device that can collect input, process the data according to established rules, create results, and store the results for future use, all while functioning under the direction of instructions stored in its own memory.” As a result, a computer may be described as an electrical machine that receives, stores, retrieves, communicates, and processes data to generate information under the direction of stored programs (Vermaat, 2008). The goal of the study was to see if teachers and students take into account the computer’s architecture when teaching and learning programming. For the teachers and students to have the accurate interpretation of the computer, they must first comprehend how it works, how it is organized, and what it can do (Mandi, 2011). The knowledge that a computer is a programmable device or machine would drive both instructors and learners to desire to program the computer to solve their unusual or specific issues constitutes the basic foundation for computer science (Shelly, 2009).
The government of Nigeria attempted to include computer studies in the education system from basic to tertiary institutions on the basis that computer education is critical to national growth, but the dearth of lack of qualified teachers is the greatest challenge facing educational system in Nigeria today especially in public secondary schools. On 28 May, 2019 the punch Newspaper reported “secondary education” issues of unqualified teachers hits public secondary schools, which (28) twenty-eight states are facing it. It was stated that “there is no state in this country (Nigeria) that is not having an the same issues of unqualified teachers in line with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural organization’s standard of twenty five (25) students per teacher (Punch 2019).
The place of teachers in the educational system constitute an important aspect in the school system. Teachers are critical resource in every country, since every teaching strongly influences what and how much students achieve in school. In Nigerian the educational system is currently faced with the challenge of unqualified teachers especially in teaching computer science. This is largely because the art of teaching computer science is still considered a vocation not a profession with many unqualified teachers in secondary schools without going through the requisite of professional training. Teachers are important in the education system and in any society for many reasons, this is because teaching is of peculiar and dynamic profession. Ukeje (1999) opined that a school is a mirror of the society and an agent of societal change. He further asserted that teaching is a process of nation building, and the teacher, an instrument of nation building. This indicate that the teacher is accountable for the nation’s destiny.
In Nigeria today the challenge of unqualified teachers in public secondary schools for computer education is very alarming. In 2013, the challenge of unqualified teachers in public secondary schools for computer education in Nigeria was acute-in excess of 338,000. This was compounded by the fact that 28 of the 36 state governments doesn’t have adequate and qualified teachers for the teaching of computer studied as a subject. Meanwhile the students population is increasing and teachers are also retiring. This devastating effect is highlighted at Rimawa secondary school in Goronyo, which doesn’t have an adequate and qualified computer science teachers. In Ondo State teachers agricultural science teacher can be apponited to teach computer science. The issue of unqualified teachers could be expressed in terms of unwillingness and commitment of teachers in most states. It could be observed that most public primary schools in big towns and cities are fairly adequate and qualified in teaching of computer studies.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
It has been observed that effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer in Schools has been of negative impact to the teaching and learning process. Some problems has been identified to be the possible cause. It was revealed that there had been a serious reduction in the enrolment of students in the subject at secondary schools level and tertiary institution of learning due to the fact that some teachers acquired their certificate through various means. In most educational institutions, teachers that are not trained to teach subjects such as computer studies are made to do so thereby not giving the students the required training and knowledge about that particular subject. Sofowora (2002) also states that not all media materials that are available are technically suitable for use in teaching. He emphasized the need for training teachers in the art and craft of design selection production and use of appropriate needs. The required skills in the area mentioned above can only be acquired through Educational Technology. One of the major concerns of Educational Technology is the quest for effective instruction which is reflected in its definition. The achievement of effective and efficient teaching and learning in schools has been one of the perennial problems in education. However, the problems facing the quality and adequacy of the availability of manpower for the effective teaching of computer science has generated a lot of concern among scholars such as Alaba (2008); and Adeyemi and Aviomoh (2003). In Nigeria, the shortage of qualified teachers has been reported (Adeyemi and Aviomoh, 2003). These shortages have been attributed to the low salaries and social prestige given to teachers (Aghenta, 2001). Also, the free education policy of the Lagos State government tends to have compounded the problems in secondary schools perhaps as a result of insufficient funds to employ adequate teachers and to run the schools. This problem is believed to have effect on students’ performance in the subject. For instance, in spite of the acknowledgement of the importance of computer science to the society and laying of solid foundation for students, the performance of students in subject shows that this has not been properly achieved. Based on the highlighted problems, this study will focus on the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The major of this study is to critically examine the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science in the teaching and learning of computer.
By extension, this study will specifically;
- Determine whether there is an adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer.
- Investigate the factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer.
- Determine whether the employment of unqualified teachers affects the effective teaching and learning of computer science.
1.4 Research Questions
The study will be guided by the following questions
- Is there adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer?
- What are the factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer?
- Does the employment of unqualified teachers affects the effective teaching and learning of computer science?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ha: There is no relationship between unqualified teachers of computer science and the teaching and learning of computer
- Ho: There is a relationship between unqualified teachers of computer science and the teaching and learning of computer.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study would be beneficial to students, teachers, curriculum planners, educational administrators, researchers and textbook authors. To students, the study would help to improve their understanding of computer science and thus adjust properly in the society through active participation in the classroom leaning which stimulate their interest and change the negative perceptions they already have in learning computer science and this invariably help them to develop the affective domain of knowledge in secondary schools. They would equally perform better in internal and external examinations without depending on examination malpractice which have been the problem in the educational sectors. This is because the student stands a chance of becoming masters on their own through involvement in different roles in the classroom.
Furthermore, The study gives various insights into the challenges of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer in Nigeria. These highlighted challenges will enable stakeholders in the education sector to take adequate measures in tackling these challenges, and make learning in secondary schools a lot easier for both teachers and students in secondary school levels.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study is to critically examine the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer. Geographically the study will be delimited to Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State.
1.8. Limitation of the Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Teacher:
A person who teaches, especially in a school.
Qualified Teachers:
Qualified Teachers means teachers with the proper, necessary or required qualification to handle teaching activities and other school responsibilities effectively.
Learning:
The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer using some selected secondary schools in Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the effect of unqualified teachers of computer science on the teaching and learning of computer using some selected secondary schools in Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State as a case study. The study was specifically set to determine whether there is an adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer, investigate the factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer, and determine whether the employment of unqualified teachers affects the effective teaching and learning of computer science.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 150 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are computer science students and teachers of the selected secondary schools in Arewa Dandi local government Area of Kebbi State.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion.
- There is no adequate availability of qualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer.
- The factors contributing to the inflow of unqualified computer science teachers in the teaching and learning of computer includes: inadequate availability of qualified teachers, polities in recruitment process, favouritism, bribing, and inability to pay qualified teachers.
- The employment of unqualified teachers affects the effective teaching and learning of computer science.
5.4 Recommendation
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
- Schools should place more emphasis on the development of teachers qualifications and quality through training, seminars and workshops in order to improve students’ performance.
- There should be room for motivation and reinforcement for teachers as a way of making sure that they are motivated for effective teaching and educational practices.
- Teachers should be trained and re-trained through workshop and seminars to meet up with new challenges in the teaching profession.
- Good working environment should be provided such as classrooms, adequate teaching and learning materials for pupils and teachers effective teaching and learning processes.
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