Effect Of Excursion Strategy And Academic Performance Of Student In Social Studies

Effect Of Excursion Strategy And Academic Performance Of Student In Social Studies
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the effect of excursion strategy and academic performance of student in social studies using some selected secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State as a case study. The study was carried out to find out the extent teachers adopts excursion method in teaching and learning of social studies, ascertain the impact of of excursion on students academic performance in social studies, and identify the problems hindering the use of excursion in teaching and learning of social studies. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of junior student of some selected secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 100 respondents and all were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that excursion has a positive impact on students academic performance in social studies. The study also revealed that the problems hindering the use of excursion include limitation of funds, time constraints, transportation problems, difficulty in obtaining parental permission. Therefore, it is recommended that curriculum review by the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) should be made to accommodate the dynamism of field-trip applications at all levels of Social Studies teaching in tertiary institutions. This will motivate student-centred instructional approach, students‟ autonomy to knowledge acquisition, and student self-discovery learning. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Generally, the study of social studies in Nigerian schools was seen as a basis for citizenship education as well as for effective participation of individual in the overall contribution to the life of the entire society. As observed by Ejiogu, Nnawuihe and Obiefule (2018), social studies is one of the compulsory subjects in Nigeria School system because of its nature as it have numerous benefits to humans ranging from personal, Economic, political, history and societal/group culture.
In support of the above idea, Idu (2011), observed that social studies through civic education seeks to expose pupils and students to the tenets and rudiments of effective citizenship and lay strong foundation for ones’ active participation. Bearing in mind the importance of social studies to national development, the subject requires effective teaching and learning process and this cannot relegate the learners’ interest and needs. The learners came from one community or the other and from variegated socioenvironmental backgrounds. From their differing homes, communities and exposure, they bring their experiences to positively bear what is being taught and learnt and enrich it (Mezieobi, 2017).
Unfortunately, most social studies teachers in Nigeria classrooms did not employ values’ teaching method in their interactive classroom sessions, let alone use values’ evaluating strategies (Mezieobi and Mezieobi 2013). According to Birabil (2014), even the best curriculum and the most perfect syllable would remain ineffective unless transformed to life by teachers utilizing appropriate methods in delivery process.
Again, while some approaches have been in use for many decades, others are just very recent. Some others like lecture and others emphasize cramming and stimulate rote memorization which are fast becoming obsolete or outdated when compared to other innovative teaching method or strategies. In fact, several studies have shown that meaningful learning can hardly be transferred to the learner when the students are not taken outside the classroom to see things for themselves and interest well with the sources of information so received.
Excursion form an important component of teaching and learning. These involve field drip taken outside the classroom for the purpose of making relevant observations and also for obtaining some specific information. It includes visits to various places, or some exciting places, which can provide learning. According to Gbamanja (2001), excursion, well planned, is meant to broaden students’ general knowledge. Excursion is capable of providing good learning together with interest and excitement for the learner. Therefore, since social studies has to do with man’s interaction with the environment, the teacher can use excursion method by choosing an exciting place to visit or an exciting topic that will arouse the interest of the students to be pursued out in the field.
However, since the advent of excursion as one of the methods of teaching social studies, research has been able to prove that effective use of some outdoor activities or educational visit to places are fast in facilitating effective teaching and learning. Perhaps, with application of this method, learners will be more involved and developed more interest in the subject. To underscore these points, the present study focuses on the effects of excursion method on the academic performance of social studies students.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The introduction of social studies into the Nigerian school curriculum was seen as a welcomed development so as to bring together relevant issues from other social sciences to demonstrate and explain the activities of man in totality, with in his immediate environment as well as to cope with the social vices in the society.
Unfortunately, most social studies teachers often adopt the conventional teaching methods which are teacher centered and subsequently result to poor performances of student in both internal and external examinations. To this end, a lot of doubt has been made among educators about the efficacy of teaching methods and strategies adopted over the years.
This informed the need for a more effective and innovative teaching method, possibly the use of excursion which is more activity oriented which could be more effective in realizing the objective of social studies. Therefore, the problem of this study is to find out the effects of excursion teaching strategy on students’ academic performance of social studies in secondary schools.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The primary objective of the study is to examine the effect of excursion strategy and academic performance of student in social studies.
The specific objectives is as follows:
- Find out the extent teachers adopts excursion method in teaching and learning of social studies.
- Ascertain the impact of of excursion on students academic performance in social studies.
- Identify the problems hindering the use of excursion in teaching and learning of social studies.
1.4 Research Questions
The research seeks to find answer to the following question.
- What is the extent teachers adopt the excursion method in teaching and learning of social studies?
- What is the impact of of excursion on students academic performance in social studies?
- What are the problems hindering the use of excursion in teaching and learning of social studies?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- Ho: Excursion has no positive impact on students academic performance in social studies.
- Ha: Excursion has a positive impact on students academic performance in social studies.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study will enable the government to fund excursion so as to enable the students learn better; More also since students cannot easily forget the things they see, (take for instance “movie”)such that they can tell you from the beginning to the end without forgetting anything the same thing applies to theory in class and excursion which will encourage and help them learn. Therefore, teachers should put-up a concerted effort and improvise where necessary to ensure that students are taken on excursion. Finally, the study will contribute to the body of existing literature and knowledge to this field of study and basis for further research.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study focuses on the effect of excursion strategy and academic performance of student in social studies. Geographically, the study will be carried out in secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered minor obstacles when conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. The significant constraint was the scarcity of literature on the subject due to the nature of the discourse, so the researcher incurred more financial expenses and spent more time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information and in the data collection process, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. Furthermore, the researcher did this investigation alongside other academic activities. Furthermore, the sample size was limited because only a few respondents were chosen to answer the research instrument, therefore the results cannot be generalized to other secondary schools outside the state. Despite the constraints encountered during the research, all elements were minimized in order to provide the best results and make the research effective.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Impact / Effect:
A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause.
Excursion:
Or Field Trip is a journey by a group of people to a place away from their normal environment.
Performance / Achievement:
A thing done successfully with effort, skill, or courage.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter (chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the effect of excursion strategy and academic performance of student in social studies using some selected secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the effect of excursion strategy and academic performance of student in social studies using some selected secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State as a case study. The study is was specifically set to find out the extent teachers adopts excursion method in teaching and learning of social studies, ascertain the impact of of excursion on students academic performance in social studies, and identify the problems hindering the use of excursion in teaching and learning of social studies.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 100 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were junior student of some selected secondary schools in Ajah Local Government Area of Lagos State.
5.3 Conclusions
In the light of the analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn.
- Teachers do not make use of excursion in teaching and learning of social studies. Most teachers make use of excursion once a year.
- Excursion has a positive impact on students academic performance in social studies.
- Problems hindering the use of excursion include limitation of funds, time constraints, transportation problems, difficulty in obtaining parental permission.
5.4 Recommendation
With regard to the findings of this study, the researcher recommended that;
- Curriculum review by the Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council (NERDC) should be made to accommodate the dynamism of field-trip applications at all levels of Social Studies teaching in tertiary institutions. This will motivate student-centred instructional approach, students’ autonomy to knowledge acquisition, and student self-discovery learning.
- Social Studies teachers should be given training by government and non government organisations on the basic skills of applying excursion methods. This will help to enhance students‟ retention level irrespective of their learning abilities.
- Management of secondary schools should seek partnership with non- governmental organizations, security agents and other stakeholders to provide additional transport facilities as well as security in order to enhance students excursion in Nigeria.
- Social Studies teachers should provide adequate support to students on the use of excursion. This could enhance students’ retention ability irrespective of their educational background in Nigeria.

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