Effect Of Electricity On The Employment Capacity Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

Project and Seminar Material for Business Administration and Management BAM

Effect Of Electricity On The Employment Capacity Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) – By Etubom Smith

Table of Content

Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Content
List of Tables
Abstract

Chapter One:

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Research Hypothesis
1.6 Significance of the Study
1.7 Scope of the Study
1.8 Limitation of the Study
1.9 Definition of Terms
1.10 Organisations of the Study

Chapter Two:

Review of Literature

2.1 Conceptual Framework
2.2 Theoretical Framework
2.3 Empirical Review

Chapter Three:

Research Methodology

3.1 Research Design
3.2 Population of the Study
3.3 Sample Size Determination
3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
3.6 Method of Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data Analysis
3.8 Validity of the Study
3.9 Reliability of the Study
3.10 Ethical Consideration

Chapter Four:

Data Presentation and Analysis

4.1 Data Presentation
4.2 Analysis of Data
4.3 Answering Research Questions
4.4 Test of Hypotheses
4.5 Discussion of Findings

Chapter Five:

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
References
APPENDIX
QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter One

Introduction

The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

1.1 Background of the Study

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Frequently Asked Questions

How much do SMEs contribute to employment in emerging economies?

Formal SMEs contribute up to 60% of total employment and up to 40% of national income (GDP) in emerging economies. These numbers are significantly higher when informal SMEs are included.

What do we mean by SME output?

A total output of SMEs (SMEO), export rate (EXPR), Human development index (HDI), and bank credit to SMEs (BCSME) are taken as explanatory variables. In the study the variables are selected based on previous literature; the SME’s output as a percentage of GDP was used as a proxy variable of SMEs (Subhan, 2010).

What is the biggest constraint on SME Growth?

However, access to finance is a key constraint to SME growth. Without access to capital, many SMEs languish and stagnate. SMEs are less likely to be able to obtain bank loans than large firms; instead, they rely on internal funds, or cash from friends and family, to launch and initially run their enterprises.

How many jobs will SMEs create by 2030?

According to our estimates, 600 million jobs will be needed by 2030 to absorb the growing global workforce, which makes SME development a high priority for many governments around the world. In emerging markets, most formal jobs are generated by SMEs, which create 7 out of 10 jobs.

What is the economic impact of SMEs in developing countries?

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a major role in most economies, particularly in developing countries. Formal SMEs contribute up to 60% of total employment and up to 40% of national income (GDP) in emerging economies. These numbers are significantly higher when informal SMEs are included.

How many jobs are created by SMEs in emerging countries?

In emerging markets, most formal jobs are generated by SMEs, which create 7 out of 10 jobs. However, access to finance is a key constraint to SME growth, it is the second most cited obstacle facing SMEs to grow their businesses in emerging markets and developing countries.

How much do SMEs contribute to employment and value creation?

They provide the main source of employment, accounting for about 70% of jobs on average, and are major contributors to value creation, generating between 50% and 60% of value added on average (Figure 1) (OECD, 2016b). In emerging economies, SMEs contribute up to 45% of total employment and 33% of GDP.

What percentage of employment do SMEs provide in Europe?

According to the statistics of employment in EU countries (in 2016, %), although SMEs constitute 9.63% of total enterprises, they provide 45.18% of employment. SMEs have a share of 48.54% in the manufacturing industry and constitute 46.09% of the employment.

What is an SME?

Understanding Small and Mid-size Enterprise (SME) In the United States, there is no distinct way to identify small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs). The European Union (EU) offers clearer definitions, characterizing a small-sized enterprise as a company with fewer than 50 employees and a medium-sized enterprise as one with less than 250 employees.

What is a small and mid-size enterprise (SME)?

What is a ‘Small and Mid-size Enterprise (SME)’. Small and mid-size enterprises are businesses that maintain revenues, assets or a number of employees below a certain threshold. Every country or economic organization has its own definition of what is considered a small and medium-sized enterprise.

What determines the size of an SME?

The country a company operates in provides the specifics on the defined size of an SME. The sizing or categorization of a company as an SME, depending on the country, can be based on a number of characteristics. The traits include annual sales

What is the cut-off for being an SME?

The cut-off for small businesses that provide services is 49 or fewer employees. Companies that fit somewhere between these employee-count cut-offs are considered SMEs.

How do financial constraints affect the growth of SMEs?

I document that financial constraints negatively affect firms’ sales and employment growth. In most transitions economies where money and capital markets are under developed as a result of their legacies of central planning, growth of SMEs are severely constrained by their limited access to finance.

What are the main obstacles to SME Growth?

The results show that SMEs perceive access to finance as the most significant obstacle which hinders their growth. The key determinants among firms’ characteristics are size, age and growth rate of firms as well as the ownership of the firm. The latter – the role of the state in financing SME – is particularly intriguing.

Are SMEs financially constrained in the ECA countries?

As observed in Table 2, more than half of the sample firms are financially constrained as indicated by the four objective measures of financial constraints. These figures provide evidence that access to finance is a major growth obstacle for most SMEs in the ECA countries.

Why do SMEs struggle to grow in transition economies?

In most transitions economies where money and capital markets are under developed as a result of their legacies of central planning, growth of SMEs are severely constrained by their limited access to finance.

How many SMEs will the world need by 2030?

These numbers are significantly higher when informal SMEs are included. According to our estimates, 600 million jobs will be needed by 2030 to absorb the growing global workforce, which makes SME development a high priority for many governments around the world.

How many jobs are created by SMEs in emerging countries?

How much do SMEs contribute to the global economy?

Formal SMEs contribute up to 40% of national income (GDP) in emerging economies. These numbers are significantly higher when informal SMEs are included. According to our estimates, 600 million jobs will be needed by 2030 to absorb the growing global workforce, which makes SME development a high priority for many governments around the world.

What jobs will be in demand in 2030?

Looking at the jobs of the future 2030, Data science will still make up an in-demand skill. Given this high demand, they’re also scarce; that’s where data detectives help bridge the gap to get companies to investigate the mysteries in big data.