A Comparative Study Of Environmental Awareness Between Public And Private Secondary School Students In Obiakpor Local Government Area Of Rivers State
A Comparative Study Of Environmental Awareness Between Public And Private Secondary School Students In Obiakpor Local Government Area Of Rivers State
Abstract
This study compared the environment awareness and counselling, psychological and societal services among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted with a study population of 38,636 drawn from public and private schools in Obiakpor local government area. A sample size of 400 was selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with a reliability co- efficient of 0.89. The data was analysed using mean, standard deviation and t-test statistics at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of this result showed that the criterion mean was 2.5 and any result less than 2.5 is low while the results more than 2.5 is high, taking this into consideration, the finding of this study showed that counselling, psychological and societal services was practiced more (x =3.09) in private schools compared to public schools (x =2.88); and healthy school environment was practiced more (x =3.16) in private schools compared to public schools (x =3.00). The tested hypotheses showed that there was a statistically significant difference in both healthy school environment and counselling, psychological and societal services (p<0.05). It was concluded that there are variations in the practices of healthy school environment and counselling, psychological and societal services as components of school health programme among public and private secondary schools. Therefore, it was recommended that there should be institution of State school health policy and committee in the State that should supervise and monitor effective implementation of counselling, psychological and societal services as SHP in the districts and zones.
Table of Content
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the study
- 1.2 Statement of the problem
- 1.3 Objective of the study
- 1.4 Research questions
- 1.5hypothesis of the study
- 1.6 Significance of the study
- 1.7 Scope of the study
- 1.8 Limitation of the study
- 1.9 Definition of terms
- 1.10 Organizations of the study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the study
- 3.3 Sample size determination
- 3.4 Sample size selection technique and procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of data collection
- 3.7 Method of data analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the study
- 3.9 Reliability of the study
- 3.10 Ethical consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Interpretation of Result
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Environment refers to sum total of all conditions which surround a man at a given point of space and time. The environment is a term which refers all physically fortifiable things at a particular time. It is the interaction between the living and in a particular area to perform various important activities of life.
Environment cover all outside factors that have acted on the individual since he began life on earth. At the Belgrade international workshop (1957) working documents were provided by the trend papers that described the state of the art of the environmental education in all parts of the world and provisions to extend and explore the environmental awareness, it also states a study shows that environmental awareness may provide power and understanding of some objectives of environmental education that is
- To recognize the interdependence among living and non-living things.
- To take decisions individually and collectively and initiate for conservation of nature and natural resources.
- To make people about effective use of environmental resources.
Through the process of environmental awareness, people participate in the process of development without destroying or affecting the economical balances because they are aware about the side effects of environmental degradation. The environmental awareness changes the human attitude towards nature. It creates consciousness and a sense of responsibility towards environment in the society. Environmental awareness is needed so that the people in general understand the complex nature of Nature and the man-made environment so that they should be in position to actively and intelligently participate in solving the problem related to the subject. They not only need motivation and knowledge but even the skills to tackle problems and that will come from awareness and education. Polluted environment in dangers the human raise by threatening its survival on the planet earth. It is education which can make the human being conscious and knowledgeable about various environmental problems.
Healthy school environment encompasses both the physical and psychosocial weather of the school. Healthful school environment is one of the unified features of the school health programme. The perception of a healthful school environment signifies all the intentionally prepared and implemented struggles to ensure safety and healthy living environments for all members of the school community (National school health policy, 2006). The policy also has it that the factors that affect the physical environment include the school building, the areas surrounding it, biological and chemical agents that are detrimental to health, physical conditions such as temperature, noise, and lighting among others. A comparative study of public and private secondary schools on healthful school environment in Ogun State, Nigeria by Amoran, Kupoluyi, Salako and Kupoluyi (2017) showed that World Health Organization estimated between 25% and 33% of the global burden of disease to environmental risk factors and about 40% falls under children under 5 years. Respiratory infection is common and pneumonia is the primary cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Indoor and outdoor air pollution will be attributed to 60% of the global burden of disease carried by respiratory infections. Next one was diarrhea diseases, which are linked with poor sanitation, poor hygiene and lack of access to safe and sufficient supplies of water and food (Amoran, Kupoluyi, Salako and Kupoluyi, 2017). FME, (2006) also noted that to encourage safety and prevent accident in schools, there should be provision of adequate road signs and markings on the roads going to the schools which should consist of informative, regulatory/warning signs and Zebra crossings. Speed rollers and overhead bridges should be constructed by the management at the proper locations.
Recreational facilities should be sited far from the roads likely to guard students against running into the roads without warning. Again, side rails or cross bars should be fixed on school places with high road traffic densities to promote a controlled crossing of the roads by the students/staff (FME, 2006). According to Ekenedo et al (2015) psychosocial environment in school is all about the attitude, approaches, feelings, ethics and values of learners and staff. Helpful and positive interactive associations and relationships, recognizing the needs and achievements of each other and assist in learning
The study went further to state that each year nearly two million children die of diarrhea diseases caused by unsafe water supplies, sanitation and hygiene. An intervention such as simple hand washing has been shown to reduce sickness from diarrhea diseases by up to 47%, and could save up to one million lives but these are not practiced in most Nigerian schools especially in secondary schools. Malaria, the deadliest mosquito transmitted diseases kill over one million people each year; majority are young people, 60% of all school children suffer from malaria because of standing water, overgrown weeds and poor waste management in schools which increase the risk of vectors breeding and spreading near the school environment. Schools sited adjacent to pools of water and wetlands are more susceptible to mosquito- borne diseases (National school health policy, 2006). The study showed that the environmental health situation in Nigerian schools is poor. There is need for patrol teams to inspect and monitor the environment and activities of the schools in Nigeria and other developing countries.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Practices of school health programme (SHP) in secondary schools have been seen as the vehicle for improved health knowledge, attitudes, decision-making skills, behaviour change, and improved health status, including counselling. Counseling, psychological and societal services are school-based interventions and referrals. These are services provided to improve student’s mental, emotional, and social health. These services include individual and group evaluation, involvements, referrals, organizational intention and consultation skills of counselors and psychologists. Such practices can reduce the prevalence of health risk behaviours among students and young people as well as having a positive effect on academic performance. The impact of such practices cannot be overemphasized as it includes students’ enrolment and retention, learning outcomes and healthy nutritional welfares of staff, families and communities.
Rivers State has 23 Local Government Areas (LGAs) with three Senatorial Districts. Each of these Senatorial Districts has public and private Secondary schools. However, it is important to note that despite the introduction, formulation and implementation of the National school health policy, observations still showed that the various components of this policy including healthy school environment and counselling are yet to be applied or practiced in secondary schools in Nigeria including Rivers State. Therefore, the researchers carried out a comparative study of environmental awareness between public and private secondary school students in Obiakpor local government area of Rivers state.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to carry out a comparative study of environmental awareness between public and private secondary school students in Obiakpor local government area of Rivers state. Specifically, the study aims;
- Level of practice of healthy school environment as a component of school health programme in public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area.
- Level of counselling, psychological and societal services as a component of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area?
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions were postulated to guide the study; what is the:
- What is the Level of practice of healthy school environment as a component of school health programme in public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area ?
- What is the Level of counselling, psychological and societal services as a component of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area?
1.5 Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha level:
- There is no significant difference between the role of counselling, psychological and societal services as a component of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area?
- There is no significant difference between the practices of healthy school environment as a component of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area?
1.6 Significance of the Study
Past research in environmental psychology has focused more on effects of environmental variables than on how to change behavior to save environment (Woodgate, 2012). Furthermore, a great deal of attention has been focused on physical technology in solving environmental problems and less attention on behavior change. Although physical technology has a role, behavior change will have more significant contribution if things are to improve (Lee, 2008).
Research done in Enugu has also focused much on Environmental Education as a subject and rarely considers the level of achievement of the objectives and goals EE as itemized in the Belgrade‘s Charter. Little has been done to establish the extent to which the multidisciplinary approach has gone in achieving the EE goals. In this regard there is need to evaluate the progress in achievement of EE goals as enshrined in the curriculum (DiEnno and Hilton, 2005).
Urbanization has led to the emergence of settlement divides with different characteristics from those of earlier phases of urbanization used to model rural versus urban student level of awareness, attitudes and participation. It is no longer obvious that all urban households are advantaged. It is therefore important to subject this divides into evaluation in order to establish its effect on schools and school activities. It is for this reason that this study thus seeks to find out the level of the achievement of specific elements of awareness, attitude and level of participation among secondary school students in different divides in urban set up.
This study will therefore help bring into light the special and unique factors in various divides of an urban set up. This will inform EE decision which will be critical in ensuring that the goals are met despite the set up. If this is not done, it is almost evident that harnessing the potential of secondary school student to aid in of achievement sustainable development in an urban set up will not be possible.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study focused on three objectives of Environmental Education. It looked at environmental awareness, attitude and participation in environmental activities among private and public secondary school students Obiakpor local government area. The respondents were drawn from students in two selected secondary schools.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The study faced the following limitations
- Not all randomly selected secondary schools had the targeted number of population of study in form three. Some secondary schools had less than forty students. As a result the entire class population participated in the study.
- Some secondary schools, especially in private secondary schools showed resistance in being involved in the study. To address this, the heads of the school were convinced that the findings of the research will not be used for any other purpose and the names of the respondents were not captured in the questionnaire.
1.10 Definition of Terms
Environment:
The set of physical, chemical, biological components and economic, social and cultural factors relating to a group of human beings or individual (UNESCO-UNEP, 1985)
Environmental Awareness:
Consciousness of the problems and dangers facing mankind and environment and of the pressing need for positive action to control the undesirable impact of man‘s activities and demands upon the environment (Environmental Education Committee, Kenyatta University College, 1980)
Attitude:
This is a settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior (Woodgate, 2012).
Environmental Participation:
Willingness to make decision to support, act to protect and conserve the environment without coercion or force (Fien, 2002)
Sustainable Development:
Development that meets the needs of the present generation without Compromising the future generation from meeting their own needs (United Nations, 1987).
Environmental Education:
Process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to understand and appreciate the interrelatedness among men, his culture and his biophysical surrounding (UNESCO, 2012).
Formal Education:
Corresponds to a systematic, organized education model, structured and administered according to a given set of laws and norms, presenting a rather rigid curriculum as regards objectives, content and methodology (Woodgate, 2012).
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the comparative study of environmental awareness between public and private secondary school students in Obiakpor Local Government Area Of Rivers State. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the comparative study of environmental awareness between public and private secondary school students in Obiakpor Local Government Area Of Rivers State. The study is was specifically focused on examining the level of practice of healthy school environment as a component of school health programme in public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area and investigating the level of counselling, psychological and societal services as a component of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 400 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are staff and students of public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area of River state.
5.3 Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that there are variations in the practices of environment and counselling, psychological and societal services as components of school health programme among public and private secondary schools in Obiakpor local government area as the practices were more pronounced in the private schools than the public schools.
5.4 Recommendations
The following recommendations were made based on the findings of the study:
- There should be institution of State school health policy and committee in the state that should supervise and monitor effective implementation of counselling, psychological and societal services as SHP in the districts and zones.
- The management of private schools should also sustain and increase consistently the good practices towards the school health programme by putting more effort to ensure its full practices in their various schools.?
The Complete Material Will Be Sent to You in Just 2 Steps
Quick & Simple…
Make Payment (Through Transfer) of ₦5,000 to the Account Below
 | Acc No: 0811003731 |
| Samphina Academy | |
| Current Account |
Or CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card
| FOR STUDENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA | |
| CLICK HERE To Pay With Card ($15) | |
| FOR GHANA STUDENTS (GHS 100) | |
 | MTN MoMo |
| 0553978005 | |
| Douglas Osabutey | |
Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 07062590260 ) After Payment
- Payment Details
- TOPIC: A Comparative Study Of Environmental Awareness Between Public And Private Secondary School Students In Obiakpor Local Government Area Of Rivers State
The Complete Material Will Be Sent To You On WhatsApp After Receiving Your Details
T & C Apply
Students Review
List of Related Works
Assessment Of Level Of Awareness Of Sickle Cell Disease
Student Awareness And Practice Of Personal Hygiene And Sanitation In Umuagia South LGA Of Abia State
Mother’s Perspective On Female Genital Mutilation In Abraka Community
Awareness And Perception Of Tuberculosis Disease Amongst Afe Babalola University Students
Sickle Cell Anaemia Awareness Among Students In Abia State University, Uturu
Knowledge And Awareness Of School Health Program Among Secondary School Teachers In Jalingo
Awareness Of Covid-19 Vaccination Campaign Among Rural Dwellers
Knowledge And Attitude Towards Breast Cancer Screening Among Women In Idumeboh Community, Irrua, Edo
Perception Of Undergraduates On Pop Up Stores As A Marketing Strategy
Community Journalism And The Challenges Of Rural Reporting In Port Harcourt
The Use Of Television Programmes To Curb Teenage Pregnancy In Abeokuta
Evaluation Of Health Education Programs Aimed At Preventing Malaria In Katsina, Nigeria
Imperative Of The Awareness Of Forensic Accounting In Nigeria
An Assessment Of The Print Media In Creating Awareness Campaign On Lassa Fever In Nigeria
The Role Of Peer Education Programme In Creating Youth Awareness On Sexual Matters
Awareness Of Confidence Accounting Amongst Accounting Lecturers In Nigeria
Knowledge On Acceptance And Uptake Of Childhood Immunization Among Mothers In The Society
Influence Of Product Information Awareness On Consumer Choice
Assessment Of Cyber Security Awareness In Telecommunications Industries In Nigeria
Soap Opera As A Tool For Promoting Ebola Virus Awareness
Awareness And Consumption Of Energy Drinks Among University Students
Influence Of Safety Procedures On Safety Awareness And Academic Performance Of Primary School Pupils
