Availability Of Teachers And Laboratories For Effective Teaching And Learning Of Integrated Science In Junior Secondary School
Availability Of Teachers And Laboratories For Effective Teaching And Learning Of Integrated Science In Junior Secondary School
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school using some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state. The study was specifically carried out to ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of qualified teachers for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school; Ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school; Find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning experience of integrated science in junior secondary school; and find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning outcome in integrated science in junior secondary school. The population size comprise of integrated science teachers of some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 57 respondents and 50 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that there is no adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school. The study also revealed that adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories facilitates the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school. Therefore, it is recommended that schools should place more emphasis on the development of teachers qualifications and quality through training, seminars and workshops in order to improve students’ performance. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
In response to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Education for All (EFA), the Nigerian government came out with a new reform that has recently been spelt out. The new reform is the 9-year basic education. The adoption of the 9-year continuous basic education from 2006 implies that the offerings of STM should be systematically developed in such a manner that there should not be any disjoint between what is taught at the primary and junior secondary levels. This has been achieved through the introduction of integrated science and Technology. The Integrated science curriculum which is in use in Nigeria for science teaching and learning in Junior Secondary School had built in strategies where learners are required to be involved in inquiry and related activities that can develop critical thinking skills. This is seen in the objectives of integrated science curriculum of Nigerian Educational Research and Development Centre (NERDC, 2007) which includes enabling students to:
- Develop interest in science and technology
- Acquire basic knowledge and skills in science and technology
- Apply their scientific and technological knowledge and skills to meet societal needs
- Take advantage of the numerous carrier opportunities offered by science and technology
- Become prepared for further studies in science and technology.
Science is very important in the development of any nation. One of the ways of appreciating science teaching and learning is through effective laboratory instruction. The laboratory has long been a distinctive feature in science education. Its introduction has proved successful because students will go out from the laboratories able to “see and do” (Hoftein and Lunetta (1992). Laboratory activities avail students the opportunity to think logically, ask reasonable questions, seek appropriate answers and solve problems. Moreover, the availability and utilization of laboratory equipments and facilities in teaching makes science lessons concrete and stimulating and helps to enhance the achievement of students.
The integrated science curriculum for junior secondary schools is filled with lots of activities and experiments which are meant to help the students understand the theory more and also provide continuous experience in process skill development. Examples of such contents in the integrated science curriculum, the teachers and students activities are summarized to include the following: In teaching the topic. Uniqueness of man: The teacher is expected to use appropriate instruments to guide students to take measurements of length, time, weight and volume. The students activities are to carry out the listed measurements.
These activities and experiments are better performed in the laboratories using appropriate equipments and materials. Considering the importance of laboratories in STM education, Obioma (2006) recommend that there should be:
- The establishment of laboratories and or resource rooms for learning integrated science and Technology in the Lower and middle basic education levels.
- The establishment of integrated science and integrated Technology laboratories where they do not presently exist.
In promoting the use of laboratory facilities for teaching integrated Science in Junior Secondary Schools, the National Agency for Science and engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) recently organized a workshop for training workers across the country on how to use the laboratory science kit supplied to Junior Secondary School in Nigeria. These trained workers will in turn go out to Junior Secondary Schools to educate the teachers of integrated science on how to use the contents of the kit in teaching topics in the integrated science curriculum (NASENI, 2011).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Okolie, Elom and Inyiagu (2014), observed that poor performance of students in Integrated Science has been so high in many Nigerian public schools in the recent years due to the unavailability of qualified Integrated Science teachers. If this is not checkmated, our Science and Technology related subject graduates from the post-primary schools may not be employable and those who may further in their University Education may experience difficulties because of their background. Consequently, our educational system will not attain its objective of producing qualified and competent product in science education.
Bellolowal (2009) opined that science is a core subject in secondary school which is designed to equip students with the knowledge of relevant concepts and scientific skills. The main center for the study of science in the secondary schools is science laboratory exist in name only. Bellolowal (2009), Added that students do not even know the names of equipments used in the laboratory as the generally used as ordinary classroom. The reason is due to lack of facilities for science laboratory in the secondary school or in schools in general Similary Offiah (2007), noted that many students perform poorly in practical related subject not only because of lack of laboratory equipment and materials but also poor usage of laboratory by science teacher. This study there fore intent to examine the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study to examine the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school. The study will specifically focus on the aims listed below;
- Ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of qualified teachers for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- Ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- Find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning experience of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- Find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning outcome in integrated science in junior secondary school.
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions guided this study:
- Is there an adequate availability of qualified teachers for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school?
- Is there an adequate availability of well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school?
- Does an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning experience of integrated science in junior secondary school?
- Does an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning outcome in integrated science in junior secondary school?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
- Ho: An adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories does not facilitates the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- Ha: An adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories facilitates the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The importance of this study is that it will help to identify teacher characteristics and availability of laboratory facilities for effective teaching and learning of Integrated Science. This study would also help to provide some information for curriculum designers and classroom teachers in order to utilize facilities provided for them and other relevant approaches to enhance meaningful learning of Integrated Science by students. Thus, the knowledge of students’ cognitive style and attitude would be very useful in both academic and career enhancement. The finding from this study is expected to serve as guides for the educated policy makers towards ensuring that adequate educational facilities are provided.
1.7 Scope of the Study.
The focus of this study is to examine the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school. Hence, this study will be delimited some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
The researcher encountered minor obstacles when conducting the study, as with any human endeavor. The significant constraint was the scarcity of literature on the subject due to the nature of the discourse, so the researcher incurred more financial expenses and spent more time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information and in the data collection process, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. Furthermore, the researcher did this investigation alongside other academic activities. Furthermore, the sample size was limited because only a few respondents were chosen to answer the research instrument, therefore the results cannot be generalized to other secondary schools outside the state. Despite the constraints encountered during the research, all elements were minimized in order to provide the best results and make the research effective.
1.9 Definition of Terms
Integrated Science:
It is a branch of knowledge involving systematized observation and experiment.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, abnd selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school using some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the availability of teachers and laboratories for effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school using some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state. The study was specifically carried out to ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of qualified teachers for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school; Ascertain whether there is an adequate availability of well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school; Find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning experience of integrated science in junior secondary school; and find out whether an adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning outcome in integrated science in junior secondary school.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 50 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were integrated science teachers of some selected junior secondary school in Udi Local Government Area in Eungu state.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- There is no adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories required for the effective teaching and learning of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- An adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning experience of integrated science in junior secondary school.
- An adequate availability of qualified teachers and well equipped laboratories enhances students learning outcome in integrated science in junior secondary school.
5.4 Recommendations
Recommendation on Teachers Availability
- Schools should place more emphasis on the development of teachers qualifications and quality through training, seminars and workshops in order to improve students’ performance.
- There should be room for motivation and reinforcement for teachers as a way of making sure that they are motivated for effective teaching and educational practices.
- Teachers should be trained and re-trained through workshop and seminars to meet up with new challenges in the teaching profession.
- Good working environment should be provided such as classrooms, adequate teaching and learning materials for pupils and teachers effective teaching and learning processes.
Recommendation on Availability of Laboratories
- Adequate laboratory equipment’s must be provided if the teaching and academic performance of students offering science subjects in schools must be enhance.
- Teachers should encourage students to develop interest in laboratory activities by engaging them in practical and providing instructional materials that will challenge them to be actively involved during practical lessons.
- Ministry of Education and professional organizations should organize workshops, seminars and conferences for basic science teachers on delivering of activity based lesson.
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