An Assessment Of Manpower Development In Ondo State Civil Service
An Assessment Of Manpower Development In Ondo State Civil Service
Abstract
Training, development and utilization of personnel in organization is a very important personnel management venture in any organization for improved work performance, efficient and effective service delivery, and staff skill update and quality production. The vital nature of this motivated this study. This study examined manpower development in Ondo State Civil Service. In the development the study looked at the nature of training in the local government and the utilization of trained staff. This work was divided into five chapters in order to deal with the problem extensively. Chapter one introduced the topic, portraying the background, statement of the problems that actually instigated this research with the questions that the research is meant to answer; the posed three null hypothetical statement on the topic; purpose or objectives of the study; the significant of the study to the society; and the scope and limitations of the study. The second chapter reviewed already existing literatures from other scholars on the topic and discussed the method of research. Third chapter discussed extensively on the background of the study area-Ondo State Civil Service. Chapter four, analysed and presented data gotten from the questionnaire administered using simple percentage and the hypotheses were tested with chi-square. It also enshrined the result and findings; and implication of the findings. Finally, the study in chapter five summarized the research; proffered recommendation and concluded the study.
Table of Content
Preliminary Page(s)
- Title Page
- Declaration
- Approval
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Abstract
- Table of Content
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
- 1.1 Background to the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problems
- 1.3 Objectives of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Definition of Terms
- 1.8 Organization of Study
Chapter Two
2.0 Literature Review
- 2.1 Historical Background of Manpower Development and Utilization in Nigeria
- 2.2 The Concept of Manpower Development
- 2.3 Manpower Planning
- 2.4 Training and Development
- 2.5 The Concept of Manpower Utilization
Chapter Three
3.0 Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of Study
- 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques
- 3.4 Data Gathering Instrument
- 3.5 Methods of Data Collection
- 3.6 Methods of Data Analysis
Chapter Four
4.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation And Analysis
Chapter Five
5.0 Conclusion And Recommendation
- 5.1 Conclusion
- 5.2 Recommendation
- References
- Appendix
Chapter One
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
Organization is established to provide for the needs, yearnings, interest and desire of the employees within the work place or environment, to earn loyalty, dedication, involvement and commitment necessary to compete favorably and effectively to maintain and retain its innumerable staff and patronizers. Therefore, for any organization or institution such as the local government, some factors have to come into play through their availability and reliability. The factors in this context include manpower development and utilization, which would be extensively discussed in this study.
It will not be out of context to say that manpower is the strong pillar of private or public organization, just like Harbison (1973) aptly observed;
Human resources, not capital, income or material resources, constitute the ultimate basis for the wealth of nations. Capital and natural resources are passive factors of production. Human beings are the agent who accumulate capital, exploit natural resources, build social, economic and political organization and carry out national development. The above score made it clear that as the world even turns to a global village, one cannot but attribute its possibility to the dexterity and intuitive nature of human thinking and ability. Another conviction of human ability and input in the work is the computer. What is computer if not the human brain since computer is ‘garbage in garbage out’. It becomes imperative to realize that one cannot do without manpower in an organization. In fact, the evolution of manpower in Nigeria can be traced back to the era of industrial revolution when the slave trade was abolished in favour of buying and selling of goods and services, establishment of industries and schools. It is at this period that the importance of development and utilization of human skills is felt in an organization. This view was supported by Adesua (1988), Fafunwa (1974) and Yesufu (2000) who opted that investment on human resources in Nigeria started in 1843, when different missionaries from European countries started with funding of schools introduced by them. Human resources from this ambit have been recognized as the most critical resources of the factors of productions, without it an effective utilization of all other factors of production remains untapped. Manpower has to be developed effectively and efficiently, to enhance and harness other resources for the actualization of organizational goals. In collaboration with the above contemporary global arrangement, human resources is prelude to long term investment by both the state and individuals for the continued existence, preservation of cultural values and improvement of the society.
Concept of manpower development according to Abegeze (1994) tackled an important current issue in African manpower development planning, He asserts that manpower development is the building and enhancement of human resources through formal education and training. He emphasizes the important prerequisite for national development; African countries have expanded a significant part of their meager resources in planning development and utilization of manpower resources. Similarly, Omole (2004:76) asserts that human resources development is concerned with providing learning and development opportunities making training intervention and planning, conducting and evaluating training programmes. He further disclosed that the aim of manpower development programme is to see that the organization has the best and quality workforce it needs to attain its goals for improved performance. Therefore, manpower development is defined as a process of extensive education, planning, training and evaluation of training programmes on the employees in order to boost their performance in an organization.
Manpower development requires an integral approach that addresses multidimensional aspect of employees, ranging from enhancing technical and interpersonal skills to creative thinking and leadership. Organization with high productivity have no doubt made manpower development an integral part of their business culture. However, in the Nigerian context, at times in the university environment, staff may be trained but may not be effectively utilized to give out their best on job. Therefore Kiggundu (1989:157) states that human resources utilization is the extent to which available human resources are effectively deployed for maximum achievement of the organizational goals and objectives. In this study, manpower utilization will be defined as the deployment and placement of staff in the right place, position and time for the actualization of organizational goals. An organization may be endowed with sumptuous manpower but may not actually develop and utilize them well. Therefore, in this premise, this study seeks to assess manpower development and utilization in the local government system: a case study of Ondo State Civil Service.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
According to Uchendu (1982:57), the manpower challenge for Nigeria is not finding the people; it is rather finding the people with the right type of skill at the right time and in the right places. As Uchendu rightly argues, we often find specialized talent in wrong kinds of activity and highly capable people in fields, which offers little challenge or incentive. This situation creates constraints, which sap labour morals, erode productivity and lead to rapid turnover. Thus, the issue of manpower and its utilization becomes germane in an effort to improve efficiency in service delivery or performance. Human resources both mental and physical are utilized or invested in an organization in pursuance of its goals. There has been a meticulous plan in organizations such as the local government on their investment in physical and capital resources and those plans are reviewed with utmost, rapt and undivided attention to the detail while rarely organizations pay attention to human resources investment which makes the capital and equipment to be in vein. Not many local governments consider the necessity for a well-defined and sustained training, planning, performance appraisal, development and utilization of staff in order to upgrade their performance or they cannot cope financially with training and development programmes. As Ubeku (1975:14) regrets this tendency when he notes that ‘There are many organizations in this country that regards training and development as expensive ventures and avoid them like the plague. What such organizations are interested in are the immediate returns. But in a changing world, of which Nigeria is a part, this attitude can no longer hold good… In organizations where the need for employee training is recognized, it requires a lot of time and money commitment to training and development, the exercise is inappropriate, haphazard or premised on a faulty diagnosis of organizational training needs. In other situation, where training happens to occur, deployment of trained staff may be without regard to the skill acquired, leading to frustration of personnel trained and also general inefficiency in the system. Manpower is generally under-tapped, under-utilized and therefore falls short of its anticipated contributions to the realization of organizational goals.
Nigerian local government have been consistently chided for using more than 80 percent of their fiscal allocation for settling wage bills to the detriment of their primary objectives. Indeed, most local governments of Nigeria, has been using more than 100 percent of its fiscal allocations for the payment of salaries and allowances since 1990 (Ikoku, 1992:18). The local governments have been engaged in laying-off their staff, especially the non-administrative staff, and some of them have stopped engaging new staff, for budgetary reasons. With this trend in our local governments, our problem becomes more apparent (Onah, 2003:123).
In the local governments, where manpower development is effectively and efficiently developed and utilized, there is improvement in the skill and ability of employees as well as development in the workplace. Cases abound in the Nigerian local governments that actually carryout this staffing function yet no improvement, the movement of things seems to be retrogressing, discouraging if not unpromising in such local government. What could be the cause? It is in this premise that the researcher deemed to delve into the study on issue of manpower development and utilization in the local government system, using Ondo State Civil Service, as a case study.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to carry out a thorough study on manpower development and utilization in the local government system, using the staff of Ondo State Civil Service as a case study. The specific objectives of the study are anchored on the following;
- To examine the perception of staff training and development programmes in Ondo State Civil Service.
- To assess the extent of consistency of the development programmes in Ondo State Civil Service.
- To assess the placement and utilization of trained personnel in the local government.
- To ascertain the importance of manpower development and utilization in the productivity and performance of the recipient.
1.4 Research Questions
Based on the problem statement, the researcher came up with the following research questions which would be answered in the course of the study as follows:
- What is the perception of staff training and development programmes in Ondo State Civil Service?
- How well are the trained personnel effectively placed and utilized?
- Do staff training and development programmes enable the recipients to increase their proficiency and productivity?
1.5 Statement of Hypotheses
The study intends to examine the following null hypotheses;
- The staff development programmes in Ondo State Civil Service are not consistently pursued.
- A good number of staff of the local government is not well utilized.
1.6 Significance of the Study
Manpower development and utilization in the local governments enhance productivity and service delivery; promote efficiency and effectiveness in the institution. In addition to this, the local government is a place of learning administrative skills, management techniques and career development, values and norms; therefore, the significance is to avail the local government the opportunity to develop and utilize its staff.
However, the local government is seen as the grass root developer. Generally, manpower development and utilization improves the nation’s state of economy.
Empirically, having painstakingly and thoroughly studied manpower development and utilization in the local government system as well as providing answers to the research questions, making sure that the objectives of the study were attained; and that the hypotheses were tested statistically, findings and recommendation well handled with proper referencing, the study will serve as a guide and as well help those who would like to embark on a research in this topic or related topic in establishments. It is hoped that this study will be of benefit to a number of people. In other words, future researchers in the field will find the research a resourceful and reliable reference material.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Organization:
In this study, “organization” is being referred to as a social unit with a defined hierarchical pattern of authority, chain of commands and interpersonal relations designed with the common interest to achieve goals.
Manpower: this is the available labour force which the organization can tap effectively in order to actualize its goals. It is also referred to as human resources as was used in this work.
Development:
It is the dramatic change or improvement in attitude and behavior of individual or organization. It is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Manpower Development:
The physical and psychological improvement in behavior of the available human resources in an organization.
Manpower Planning:
It is the process of assessing an organization’s human resources ability and strength in the light of its anticipated present and future needs.
Manpower Utilization:
The maximum use of competent human resources, their deployment at strategic places and creation of enabling environment for practice of acquired skills.
1.8 Organization of Study
The study comprises of 5 chapters. In chapter one, the concepts are introduced and the problem of the study is established with the research objectives and questions. Chapter two presents the literature review while chapter three presents the research methodology. The fourth chapter presents the results and discussion, and the last chapter presents the conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
Development of staff in organization is of paramount importance as the Utilization of those developed or trained staff. If a staff is trained and was not deployed appropriately to subject the skill acquire to work, the training is of no importance and of no use and as well not valued by the organization at their detriment. The same holds if organization utilizes well but do not pay much attention to staff training and development. Therefore, there is need for optimum personnel function in any organization.
There is no gain, asking whether manpower development and utilization, are the wealth of or pillar of organization as was mentioned in chapter one of this study. The empirical study established that in Ondo State Civil Service council, staff development and utilization is as important as the institution itself. In other words, to ensure and enhance efficient and effective service delivery; quality productivity and the dexterity of the local government staff, manpower development and utilization has to be held at high esteem in the local government.
However, the study pinpointed many things that could be seen as a cog in the wheel of the workability and progress of this personnel function but having earmarked them, the local government should think it wise to train their staff to suit the present requirement of work especially in the area of improved technology.
Finally, the above proffered recommendations would help, in a bigger way ensuring that manpower is well developed and utilized in the local government.
5.2 Recommendation
It is our recommendation that manpower development and utilization planners in Ondo State Civil Service should adopt the system process approach which will take care of all staff irrespective of their category or specialty. This will sustain the efficient functioning of the local government as a system with sub-system in tandem with the supra-system working together to achieve a common objective. Knowing the importance of training and development of manpower in the local government, we recommend that:
- The local government council management should make training and development a priority.
- The local government should also ensure that the personnel function of training is consistent through embarking on it annually, biannually or quarterly as the case may be.
- Professional advancement programmes such as Institute of Personnel Management, Nigerian Institute of Management etc should be articulated for senior staff. Also organize skill development for the junior staff that joined the organization with very low entry skills and qualifications.
- Redeployment of staff training is essential for optimal utilization after obtaining a higher qualification.
- The local government should ensure that the staff recommendation or selection for training is done on merit and need.
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