An Assessment Of Democratic Governance In The Fight Against Corruption In The Presidential System In Nigeria (2015-2019)
An Assessment Of Democratic Governance In The Fight Against Corruption In The Presidential System In Nigeria (2015-2019)
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria (2015-2019). Specifically, the study determine the nature of democratic governance in Nigeria, examine the probable factors responsible for corruption in Nigeria and determine the impact of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019). The study employed the historical research design. The findings of the study revealed that the interplay of undemocratic governance and poor accountability degenerate into corrupt practices that affect national development. Some cited reference cases include few examples drawn from experiences in some sectors of the economy, to portray how perversion of democracy in Nigeria presents corruption as systemic ailments that hinder national development. It triangulates to reluctance or outright refusal to follow due process in the management of public office, which primarily aims at availing the perpetrators the benefits accruing from unchecked corrupt behaviours. It supports the allusion that systemic corruption threatens democracy and good governance in Nigeria. It also lends credence to the fact that the challenges in the practice of democracy in Nigeria revolve around critical governance problems: leadership challenges, corruption, lack of transparency, constitutional and electoral reforms, rising civil strife, poverty, unemployment, godfatherism, lack of human security and human rights. The study thereby recommend that leaders needed to make each budget portfolio to be consistent with the plans and in addition, make sure the responsible officials accounted for every dime spent. To that extent, corruption deserves capital penalty, to reinvigorate the capacity of the resources of the nation to generate national development and address inclusive wellbeing of the citizens.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Democracy is a system of government where the citizens exercise power by voting in elected government who in turn return democratic dividends to the people .The issue of corruption constitutes a fundamental phenomenon in our contemporary society. Nigeria has over the years suffered from corruption and the effect has exacted untold hardship on the living standard of the ordinary citizen as well as on the pace of development of the economy of the nation .The Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Act, defines corruption as bribery, fraud and other related offences. It covers the deliberate giving and receipt of gratification or bribes to influence the execution of public responsibility, deceitful acquisition and receipt of properties, will full impairment of investigation by ICPC. The Black’s Law dictionary views corruption as the damage of integrity, virtue, or moral principle as it applies to public official duties. Corruption is the exhibition of behavior which contradicts the official duties for private gain. The term corruption has also been viewed as any action or inaction which leads to the intentional acquisition of gain for one’s self relation or acquaintance in a manner which contradict the law , or code of conduct. Corruption is the denial of public trust directly or indirectly so as to suppress public interest to one’s personal interest. Corruption is also viewed as the interference with the elections process illegally to falsify results or vote rigging. It involves bureaucratic corruption which entails the illegal enrichment of civil servants. The study proffers an assessment of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria(2015-2019).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The current state of decay of democracy and democratic principles is due to Corruption. It undermines Good governance by converting public wealth into private gains and leads to the manipulation of election results to the detriment of the voting public. Corruption deprives of the electorate the principle of accountability in government .Corrupt politicians and other public office holders squander the nation’s resources illegally for their private gains unabated. The country’s judiciary is not absolved of this menace as the rich never gets convicted while only the poor face the consequences of the law. The effect of corruption on the economy is devastating. It stifles economic growth, leads to Loss of revenue, investments and trade opportunities. The implementation of government policies in many areas of the economy have been weakened by corrupt practices such as bribery, extortions, marginalization, tribalism and many more. It has led to public procurement, revenue collection, Foreign Direct Investment and application of foreign aid. Corruption has led to decay in infrastructure, education, medical service and government public treasury. The problem confronting the study to assess democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria (2015-2019).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The main objectives of the study is to assess democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria (2015-2019).
The specific objectives of the study include;
- To determine the nature of democratic governance in Nigeria.
- To examine the probable factors responsible for corruption in Nigeria.
- To determine the impact of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019).
1.4 Research Questions
- What is the nature of democratic governance in Nigeria?
- What are the probable factors responsible for corruption in Nigeria?
- What are the impact of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019)?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The study seeks to determine an assessment of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019) .The study shall therefore serve as a veritable source of information to stakeholders to proffer interventions which will address the problem.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study focuses on the assessment of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. The study covers the period of 5years from 2015-2019.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
Just like any other research, ranging from unavailability of needed accurate materials on the topic under study, inability to get data.
Financial constraint, was faced by the researcher, in getting relevant materials and in printing and collation of questionnaires.
Time factor: time factor pose another constraint since having to shuttle between writing of the research and also engaging in other academic work making it uneasy for the researcher.
1.8 Research Methodology
Research methodology deals with the different ways or methods the researcher applied in order to carry out the research as well as the instrument used for gathering the data. There are several research methodologies appropriate for answering the research questions. The type of research methodology used in this research to gather data and relevant information is the historical research and the study will adopt descriptive method of data collection. This will involve the collection of materials from secondary sources, such as books, journal articles, magazines, internet sources, international and national conference proceedings, published and unpublished articles.
1.9 Organization of the study
The study consisted of five chapters. Chapter one comprised background of the general introduction to the work. It included statement of problem of the study, highlighted the objectives of the study, the scope within which the research was conducted is also highlighted. An outline of how the work is organized is also detailed in the chapter one. The chapter two of the study reviewed the nature of democratic governance in Nigeria. The chapter three evaluate the probable factors responsible for corruption in Nigeria. Chapter four discusses the impact of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019) and the chapter five deals with the summary of the major findings, recommendations and conclusion to the study.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary
In this study, our focus was on the examination of democratic governance and its impact on the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria (2015-2019). The study specifically was aimed at determine the nature of democratic governance in Nigeria, examine the probable factors responsible for corruption in Nigeria and determine the impact of democratic governance in the fight against corruption in the presidential system in Nigeria. (2015-2019).
5.2 Conclusion
Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:
Findings of the study show that the interplay of undemocratic governance and poor accountability degenerate into corrupt practices that affect national development. Some cited reference cases include few examples drawn from experiences in some sectors of the economy, to portray how perversion of democracy in Nigeria presents corruption as systemic ailments that hinder national development. It triangulates to reluctance or outright refusal to follow due process in the management of public office, which primarily aims at availing the perpetrators the benefits accruing from unchecked corrupt behaviours. It supports the allusion that systemic corruption threatens democracy and good governance in Nigeria, (Page, 2017). It also lends credence to the fact that the challenges in the practice of democracy in Nigeria revolve around critical governance problems: leadership challenges, corruption, lack of transparency, constitutional and electoral reforms, rising civil strife, poverty, unemployment, godfatherism, lack of human security and human rights.
5.3 Recommendation
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
The leaders needed to make each budget portfolio to be consistent with the plans and in addition, make sure the responsible officials accounted for every dime spent. To that extent, corruption deserves capital penalty, to reinvigorate the capacity of the resources of the nation to generate national development and address inclusive wellbeing of the citizens.
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