Application Of ICT Facilities In Teaching And Learning Of Biology Among Senior Secondary Schools In Owerri North LGA Imo State

Application Of ICT Facilities In Teaching And Learning Of Biology Among Senior Secondary Schools In Owerri North LGA Imo State
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the application of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of biology among senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. The study was specifically carried out to determine whether there is an adequate availability of ICT facilities for the teaching and learning of biology; determine the extent ICT facilities are utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North; determine whether the application of ICT facilities during teaching process facilitates effective teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools; and find out the factors affecting the effective application of ICT during the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprise of science teachers in some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 57 respondents and 50 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses were tested using Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that ICT facilities are not highly utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North. The study also revealed that the application of ICT facilities during teaching process facilitates effective teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools. Therefore, it is recommended that non-Governmental Organization, Government, Cooperative bodies, multinational cooperation and individual ought to guarantee the provision of functional ICT facilities in both private and public schools; this will improve quality teaching and learning. ICT facilities ought to be upgraded and well maintained at all times. The Ministry of Education ought to appoint a committee that will guarantee the functional ICT facilities available are in good working condition. To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
The rate at which Information and Communication Technology utilization is integrating into the world is such that only nations and countries that are committed to ICT will compete in the present day global market. The 21th century learners have been describe as the neat generation leaner who is a digital native (Enwereuzo and Obiefuna, 2012). This because the 21st century learner deemed to have formal access to computer enabled technology. These learners play video games, watch television, send text messages and e-mails and pay little or no attention to reading their text books. Oblinger (2004) in a research findings confirmed the assertion and noted that digital natives, by the age of 21 years will have spent 10,000 hours playing video games, sent 200,000 emails, used 20,000 hours in watching television, spent 10,000 hours on cell phone but less than 5000 hours in reading. This to a great extent will affect their performances in schools unless their new interest were adequately channelled and integrated in their academics.
To meet up with the rapid scientific progress in technology it requires the presence of well-trained, efficient, knowledgeable and skillful teachers who are versatile in discharging their duties and responsibility Buseri (2010). The persistent poor performance of student in science subjects at School Certificate level and the studies by Achor (2003); Umoren and Ogong (2007); Ogbeba (2009) has given rise to an assumption that most science teachers in secondary schools in Nigeria probably do not make use of varying form of teaching strategies to be able to cope with some specific difficulties associated with the teaching of science. In order words, it implies that teachers are knowledgeable in science content but not in pedagogical aspects. Ezeliora (2004), pointed that most of the time, science is taught to the learners using descriptive or lecture method instead of hands- on approach.
Biology learning in real life context is necessary for personal development and also, the development of scientific and technological world. The use of multiple and relevant learning and teaching strategies, and assessment practices will provide a basis for this. In any research work in Biology Education, more attention is placed on science education; this is because biology is one of the various subjects that explain science and also in Nigeria, biology is the general basic science subject. In an attempt to ensure result oriented biology delivery in schools, Akubuilo (2004) suggested the use of activity-oriented strategies such as guided-inquiry, cooperative learning, demonstration, thinks and do, use of analogy and many others. Thus, research in Science Education in Nigeria has continued to seek better ways of teaching biology in order to improve academic performance of students (Okebukola, 1998).
A teaching strategy is a carefully designed classroom interaction that could be meticulously followed to teach a concept, topic or an idea. This brings out the idea of having numerous strategies. An innovative approach is referred to a design that is full of new or purposively reconstructed existing ideas. This explanation means the use of new or reconstructed existing ideas, methods and equipment or to combine various teaching strategies to develop a new one. Innovation in science education is increasingly needed in order to foster greater scientific literacy. Results from science education researches and the additional technological resources now available are contributing to a change of views with regard to the content, teaching/learning processes and methods and the role of teachers in science classes. Challenging new ways of teaching and learning are becoming available, but can only be implemented when teachers feel faithful to adopting them.
The awareness of computer enabled technology in Nigeria and the use of ICT are very recent but fast spreading. Youth and children have access to computer which is located in several parts of the urban cities. Most of these outfits are observed to reader assistance to their users on the use of the new technologies. The main objective of national computer education (1998) is to ensure that the general populace appreciates the impact of information and Communication Technology (ICT). Also, one of the innovation and changes that necessitated the 4th edition of the National policy on education was the introduction of ICT into the school system (National Policy on Education, 2004).
The policy stipulated that government shall provide necessary infrastructure and training for integrating ICT into the school system. Materials used for ICT teaching and learning are educational robots, multimedia projectors, teleconferencing devices, video phone systems, online library, computer laboratories, etc. In this modern era of educational research, one must have knowledge of the use of computer in teaching and learning. Nwana (2008) pointed out that computer literacy involves operating a computer on daily basis to solve problems or perform tasks, browsing the internet and using e-mail, reading computer pamphlets, textbook, etc.
Teachers are said to gain extensive experience of successful and unsuccessful performances throughout their years of teaching, this assumption has generated in-depth research into how teachers who have been involved in teaching for different period of time perceive their teaching (Soodak & Podell, 1997; Fives & Lisa 2008; Fives, 2010). It has been argued that experience improves teaching skills while pupils learn better at the hands of teachers who have taught them continuously over a period of years (Ijaiya, 2000). Teachers‟ teaching qualification is another quality of the teacher. This means that the qualification of a teacher matters when it comes to effective teaching. The availability of adequate and qualified science teachers cannot be compromised for the success of any science programme. It has been commented that, however well conceived a programme is, however valid the theory that underlies it, and whatever the objectives of the plan are, will be determined by the nature, quality, attitudes, motivation and convictions of the classroom teacher (Obomanu & Akporehwe, 2011).
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Education is considered to be the most appropriate and fastest vehicle for the planned transformation of any society (Jegede, Lagoke & Oyebanji 1995). Despite the importance of science to mankind, the effort of researchers to improve its teaching and learning, as well as it being the general science subject, students’ performance in biology compared to the other pure science subjects taught in Nigeria remains low. This observable problem has been blamed on a number of factors, namely, inadequate teachers, inadequate material resources, lack of using effective methodology for the teaching of the subject in secondary schools etc. Further, it has been observed based on previous studies that the present methods used in teaching science in general and biology in particular in Nigeria secondary schools do not produce maximum result (Maduabum, 1994; Okebukola, 1998).
There have been various studies by researchers of Biology education on the various innovative teaching strategies like, problem solving, field trips, individualism, cooperative learning, use of analogy, constructivism, computer assisted instruction, inquiry, among others and how they can be used to improve the teaching and learning of science in general and biology in particular, examples of such researchers are Olatoye & Adekoya (2009), Yusuf & Adedeji (2010), Oludipe & Oludipe (2010) among others. Most of these researchers studied on the effectiveness of these strategies, some compared these strategies with conventional methods, Olatoye & Adekoya (2010) etc. without examining the awareness of in-service teachers on the existence of these strategies, their level of awareness and the degree of application of the ones they are aware of. Thus, this study was set out to investigate biology teachers‟ awareness and utilization of innovative teaching strategies in public schools in Oyo South senatorial district, Nigeria.
Samba, Achor and Ogbeba (2010), examined science teachers awareness and utilization of 19 innovative teaching strategies in Benue State, but the variables involved were: age, teaching experience and profession and is different from this study as this involved only biology teachers and took into consideration teachers‟ gender, teaching experience and qualification. Khurshid & Zahur (2013) compared the awareness and utilization of 16 innovative teaching strategies in Private and public sector schools in Islamabad, the variables they took into consideration included teachers‟ gender, age, teaching experience and professional qualification. The study did not specify on any particular subject, and was generally compared to this study which was specifically on Biology teaching at senior secondary level.
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study to examine the application of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of biology among senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. The study will specifically focus on the aims listed below;
- Determine whether there is an adequate availability of ICT facilities for the teaching and learning of biology.
- Determine the extent ICT facilities are utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North.
- Determine whether the application of ICT facilities during teaching process facilitates effective teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools.
- Find out the factors affecting the effective application of ICT during the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools
1.4 Research Questions
The following research questions guided this study:
- Is there an adequate availability of ICT facilities for the teaching and learning of biology?
- What is the extent at which ICT facilities are utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North?
- Does the application of ICT facilities during teaching process enhance the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools?
- What are the factors affecting the effective application of ICT during the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
- Ho: The application of ICT facilities during the teaching process does not enhance the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools.
- Ha: The application of ICT facilities during the teaching process enhance the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study would provide science educators and government with detailed information about the actual picture of biology teaching, biology learning, and effective ways of improving the situation. It provides information on different innovative strategies that can be used to improve biology teaching and learning in senior secondary schools in Nigeria.
The results of this investigation will probably be of great help to students in learning and acquiring knowledge or skills in Biology since it focuses on modern methods of teaching what would have been abstract ideas. It would be of benefit to teaching as it would make the teachers to be more aware of the innovative strategies that can be used to improve and make teaching process more efficient and effective. It may influence teachers‟ decision on strategies they can use to teach different topics effectively.
This investigation may be of benefit in teachers’ education as it provides teachers educators with the actual picture of science education generally and biology education in particular, it makes them to be aware of various innovative strategies that can be used to teach effectively, thereby enabling them to produce highly innovative teachers, who will be able determine and use the strategies that best suit the topics and concepts they are to teach when in service.
This study might help in the area of curriculum development by influencing the decision of the curriculum developers to introduce the innovative strategies at the initial stage of educational process. In the area of educational research, this study may be of relevance as it encourages further research into the study for future researchers who would pursue studies similar to this. Lastly this study is hoped to influence the education policy of the government to giving room for development of new educational policies that will help in increasing the quality of education in the Nation at large.
1.7 Scope of the Study.
The focus of this study is to examine the application of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of biology among senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. However, the study will be delimited to some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State.
However, despite the constraint encountered during the research, all factors were downplayed in other to give the best and make the research successful.
1.9 Definition of Terms
ICT:
Information and communications technology is an extensional term for information technology that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications and computers.
Biology:
The study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behaviour, origin, and distribution.
1.10 Organization of the Study
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter (chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the application of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of biology among senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the application of ICT facilities in teaching and learning of biology among senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State. The study was specifically carried out to determine whether there is an adequate availability of ICT facilities for the teaching and learning of biology; determine the extent ICT facilities are utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North; determine whether the application of ICT facilities during teaching process facilitates effective teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools; and find out the factors affecting the effective application of ICT during the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 50 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent were science teachers in some selected senior secondary schools in Owerri North LGA Imo State.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher concluded that;
- There is an inadequate availability of ICT facilities for the teaching and learning of biology.
- ICT facilities are not highly utilized by teachers during the teaching of biology in secondary schools in Owerri North.
- The application of ICT facilities during teaching process facilitates effective teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools.
- The factors affecting the effective application of ICT during the teaching and learning of biology in secondary schools includes; lack of technological skill, inadequate provision of latest IT facilities, epilectic power supply, technical errors, and poor maintenance.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- Non-Governmental Organization, Government, Cooperative bodies, multinational cooperation and individual ought to guarantee the provision of functional ICT facilities in both private and public schools; this will improve quality teaching and learning. ICT facilities ought to be upgraded and well maintained at all times. The Ministry of Education ought to appoint a committee that will guarantee the functional ICT facilities available are in good working condition.
- Enlightenment campaign, workshops and seminars ought to be organized for teachers and students by Education Authorities, Federal and State Ministries of Education should create awareness of the functional ICT facilities strategies/techniques that will advance increase motivation of students and instructors in teaching and learning.

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