Acceptance Of Adolescent Sex Education By Parents In Okpanam Community

Acceptance Of Adolescent Sex Education By Parents In Okpanam Community
Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community. The study was carried out to identify factors affecting or hindering sex education and ways of improving them, determine parent level of awareness on adolescent sex education, and determine the attitude of parents towards sex education. The survey design was adopted and the simple random sampling techniques were employed in this study. The population size comprised of parents resident in Okpanam Community. In determining the sample size, the researcher conveniently selected 147 respondents and 141 were validated. Self-constructed and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected and validated questionnaires were analyzed using frequency tables, and mean scores. While the hypotheses was tested Chi-square statistical tool. The result of the findings reveals that the factors affecting or hindering sex education includes: parental attitude, cultural believe, religious influence, and teachers ineffectiveness. Furthermore, the study revealed that adolescent sex education can be improved by the following ways: sensitization of parent on the need of sex education, implementation of sexuality education in the school curriculum, organizing sex education campaign for teenagers, and engagement of religious leaders in promoting sex education. Therefore, it is recommended that schools should provide adequate information and knowledge of sex education for the children. This could be entrenched in the school syllabus (curriculum). To mention but a few.
Table of Content
- Title Page
- Certification
- Dedication
- Acknowledgement
- Table of Content
- List of Tables
- Abstract
Chapter One:
Introduction
- 1.1 Background of the Study
- 1.2 Statement of the Problem
- 1.3 Objective of the Study
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Research Hypothesis
- 1.6 Significance of the Study
- 1.7 Scope of the Study
- 1.8 Limitation of the Study
- 1.9 Definition of Terms
- 1.10 Organisations of the Study
Chapter Two:
Review of Literature
- 2.1 Conceptual Framework
- 2.2 Theoretical Framework
- 2.3 Empirical Review
Chapter Three:
Research Methodology
- 3.1 Research Design
- 3.2 Population of the Study
- 3.3 Sample Size Determination
- 3.4 Sample Size Selection Technique and Procedure
- 3.5 Research Instrument and Administration
- 3.6 Method of Data Collection
- 3.7 Method of Data Analysis
- 3.8 Validity of the Study
- 3.9 Reliability of the Study
- 3.10 Ethical Consideration
Chapter Four:
Data Presentation and Analysis
- 4.1 Data Presentation
- 4.2 Analysis of Data
- 4.3 Answering Research Questions
- 4.4 Test of Hypotheses
Chapter Five:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
- 5.1 Summary
- 5.2 Conclusion
- 5.3 Recommendation
- References
- APPENDIX
- QUESTIONNAIRE
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Sex education simply refers to the systematic attempt to promote the healthy awareness in individual on matters of his or her sexual development, functioning, behavior and attitudes through direct teaching. Sex is a topic, which most people would not like to talk about. The Nigerian parents’ attitude to sex is that the child will grow to know, In the home, when the child is present and parents are discussing issues about sex, even the adolescent child is kept away from sight. An inquisitive child who ventures to ask questions about sex is morally branded “a bad” child, Many societies and homes consider discussions of sexual issues as a taboo. In view of this, most parents find it too difficult, awkward and uncomfortable to discuss sex related issues with their children. Children are condemned when they mention a word referring to some sexual organ or act. Even the hands of babies are hit whenever they fondle with their sex organs. Due to this, throughout adolescence, the youth in the country learn about sex and sexuality in a variety of ways devoid, in most cases, of factual and empirical information and in secrecy (Powers and Baskin, 1969).
In traditional Nigerian setting, children are expected to obey their parents’ instruction without asking questions. It is assumed that the best way to prevent sexual immorality among youth and young adults is by keeping them almost completely if not completely ignorant of sex and sexuality matters, sometimes until their marriage night, Some anxious parents might only mention one or some warnings about their daughter’s first menstrual experiences, while for the boys it is total black-out. In some Nigerian homes most especially in a rural set up children are shy at times to ask questions about sex and sexuality and those who are brave enough to ask are often stigmatized and constantly watched (Konwea Patience Esohe and Mfrekemfon Peterinyang 2015), Sex education is a comprehensive and systematic development program extending from infancy to maturity. It is planned and directed to produce social and moral desirable sexual attitudes practices and personal behavior. Secondary school students and adolescents have a right to obtain information on different aspects of sex education at the right time, as sex education is more than just having knowledge about sexual intercourse. It is to be incorporated in such a way that it helps adolescent to approach sex more meaningfully into the present and the future. It may either be imparted informally through books, magazines, media and websites or formally through sex education classes in schools and educational institutions. Most of the schools offer no sex education since it remains to be a highly controversial issue especially with respect to the right age at which the children should receive such kind of information and also the methods in which such information is passed to them, Wilhelm Reich commented that sex education of his time was a work of deception, focusing on biology while concealing excitement-arousal, which is what a pubescent individual, is mostly interested in. He added that this emphasis obscures what he believed to be a basic psychological principle that all worries and difficulties originate from unsatisfied sexual impulses (Sophie Borland, 2007). Dialard C (2001) illustrated in his research on a significant change of attitudes of parents towards sex education to their children. Efforts have been made by government, media houses, NGOS etc. to change parent’s attitude toward sex education of students most especially in secondary schools. Early knowledge of consequences of premature sex may help students to protect themselves from abortion, sexually transmitted infections, etc. This study therefore seeks assess the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The ignorance of sex and its associated problems is prevalent in and among adolescents. The lives of adolescents are shattered with the passing of incorrect information among themselves, they get misled by others. Today, the problems resulting from the lack of sex education to our youth are numerous. They are unwanted pregnancies, high incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, increased abortion and high rates of sexual promiscuity. All these have led to inability to concentrate, poor school performance, deterioration of mental health of students, high rate of school drop outs, and increase in illiteracy and over population. Consequently, the educational opportunity of Nigeria youth is greatly affected and this possesses a great loss to the society. Religious organizations view sex education as premature, dangerous and likely to lead to sexual promiscuity. To behavioral scientists, the introduction of sex education is proper and helps decreases sexual promiscuity. However, despite the increasing sexual problems, parents and schools are still not providing teenagers with proper knowledge of sex.
The Nigerian parents’ attitude to sex is that the child will grow to know, In the home, when the child is present and parents are discussing issues about sex, even the adolescent child is kept away from sight. An inquisitive child who ventures to ask questions about sex is morally branded “a bad” child, Many societies and homes consider discussions of sexual issues as a taboo. In view of this, most parents find it too difficult, awkward and uncomfortable to discuss sex related issues with their children. Children are condemned when they mention a word referring to some sexual organ or act. Even the hands of babies are hit whenever they fondle with their sex organs. Due to this, throughout adolescence, the youth in the country learn about sex and sexuality in a variety of ways devoid, in most cases, of factual and empirical information and in secrecy (Powers and Baskin, 1969). Therefore, this study seeks to assess the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The man purpose of the study is to find out the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community.
Specifically, the study will;
- To identify factors affecting or hindering sex education and ways of improving them.
- To determine parent level of awareness on adolescent sex education.
- To determine the attitude of parents towards sex education.
1.4 Research Questions
Evolving from the objectives of the study, the researcher attempt to find answer to the following questions:
- What are factors affecting or hindering sex education?
- What is level of parent awareness on adolescent sex education?
- What is the attitude of parents towards sex education?
- How can adolescent sex education be improved?
1.5 Research Hypothesis
- H0: Parents do not have positive attitude towards the teaching of sex education.
- Ha: Parents have positive attitude towards the teaching of sex education.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study will also help the readers to understand that sex education does not lead to sexual promiscuity, but help provide possible solution in countering it. It is believed that through the findings, the various misunderstanding on the issue of sex education will be corrected. There can be nothing more detrimental to effective sex reduction than shame, embarrassment and untruthfulness on timidity about sex. It is also believed that the solution to the problems affecting sex education will be achieved so that ideal sex education will be taught to our youths. Providing solution to the problems and misconception relating to sex education will go a long way in improving the health of every individual, academic performance, and standard of living. With the knowledge and not ignorance of sex education, youth will be in a better position to comprehend the challenges of growing up and the values of sex as well as its downfalls. The study will increase knowledge and deepen understanding of sex education. It will also help to ascertain the attitudes of parents towards the teaching of sex education in secondary schools.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The sample of the study will be restricted to the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community. This study focuses on the attitude and knowledge of parents towards ex education. The respondents for this study will comprise of parents resident in Okpanam Community.
1.8 Limitation of the Study
Like in every human endeavour, the researcher encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection, which is why the researcher resorted to a limited choice of sample size. More so, the researcher simultaneously engaged in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.
Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges.
1.9 Definition of Term
For the purpose of this study, the following terms would be operationally defined as used in this study.
Adolescent:
This refers to young person between age of 14 to 19 years the term will be inter changeably used with “youth” in this study.
Education:
A systematic instruction that will bring about changes in the life of an individual, a gradual process of impacting knowledge.
Sex:
Is probably one area of our life about which we know so little sex inhibits and pieces through sources like friends acquaintance on cheap sex books.
Sex Education:
That aspect of education that makes the adolescents become knowledgeable about sex and sexually behaviour and helps to develop wholesome attitude towards those behaviours.
1.10 Organization of the Studies
The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations:
5.1 Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings of the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
5.2 Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was to examine the acceptance of adolescent sex education by parents in Okpanam Community. The study specifically was aimed to identify factors affecting or hindering sex education and ways of improving them, determine parent level of awareness on adolescent sex education, and determine the attitude of parents towards sex education.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 141 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents are parents resident in Okpanam Community.
5.3 Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, the researcher made the following conclusion
- The factors affecting or hindering sex education includes: parental attitude, cultural believe, religious influence, and teachers ineffectiveness.
- The level of parent awareness on adolescent sex education is low.
- The attitude of parents towards sex education is negative.
- Adolescent sex education can be improved by the following ways:
- Sensitization of parent on the need of sex education,
- Implementation of sexuality education in the school curriculum,
- Organizing sex education campaign for teenagers, and
- Engagement of religious leaders in promoting sex education.
5.4 Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proffered.
- Emphasis should be placed on creating awareness on sex education stemming the flood of teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDs requires joint effort by joint effort by parents, counsellors teachers, curriculum planners and even government. Counsellors as a first step, have the task of demystifying sexuality by providing the youngsters with adequate and relevant information regarding sexuality and reproductive health. Counsellors should try new strategies like counselling on proper gender role perception and abstinence to help adolescents stay away from sex until they are ready.
- Teachers should also teach certain aspect of sexuality at school so that the adolescents will be familiar with societal expectation of their future roles as wires and husbands. The sexuality education curriculum needs to be implemented 1in the schools as a matter of urgency. Thus should be a comprehensive package that should include adolescent reproductive health and socially accepted expression for sexual feelings.
- The government should regulate influx of foreign films as well as monitor and censor our local films to protect our adolescent from adverse effects of exposure to pornographic films.
- The religions leader stands a great advantage of teaching out to people easily since their followers listen and respect their voice. As part of method to curb the spread of sex education, government should established various support services rendering which would help carriers of genetic diseases to cope with the physiological and psychological effects of the diseases.
- It is recommended that schools should provide adequate information and knowledge of sex education for the children. This could be entrenched in the school syllabus (curriculum).

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